RESUMO
It is important to investigate fast and accurate equine colic syndrome diagnostic forms. Lactate results from anaerobic glycolysis; high levels of it may indicate intestinal disorders with tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia. The current study aims at investigating whether blood and peritoneal lactate values observed when horses with colic syndrome were hospitalized, were associated with condition type, therapeutic referral, and survival rates. Retrospective analysis was applied to 498 medical records of animals with colic syndrome, at EQUIVET Hospital -SP; 89 cases were herein selected. Based on logistic regression, peritoneal lactate played a more significant part than blood in variables like obstruction type and survival rates. Surgical cases comprised 52.8% of analyzed animals; strangulation changes, 26%; and overall survival, 62.9%. Mean blood and peritoneal lactate level in animals showing strangulation changes reached 5.11 and 7.33mmol/L, whereas non-strangulation cases recorded 3.54 and 3.06mmol/L, respectively. On the other hand, mean blood and peritoneal lactate level recorded for survivors reached 3.43 and 2.42mmol/L, whereas non-survivors recorded 4.84 and 7.13mmol/L, respectively. We concluded that peritoneal lactate measured when horses with colic syndrome were hospitalized was a predictor of condition type, and of animal survival and prognosis. However, blood and peritoneal lactate measurements did not contribute to therapeutic referral.
O estudo de formas diagnósticas rápidas e precisas é importante na síndrome cólica equina. O lactato, produto da glicólise anaeróbica, quando elevado, pode indicar afecções intestinais com hipoperfusão e hipóxia. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se os valores de lactato sanguíneo e peritoneal, na admissão de equinos com síndrome cólica, estão relacionados com o tipo de afecção, com o encaminhamento terapêutico e a sobrevida. Uma análise retrospectiva foi realizada em 498 atendimentos em síndrome cólica, no Hospital EQUIVET-SP, quando 89 casos foram selecionados. A regressão logística indicou que o lactato peritoneal obteve maior significância comparado ao sanguíneo, nas variáveis tipo de obstrução e sobrevida. Casos cirúrgicos foram 52,8%; alterações estrangulativas, 26%; e sobrevivência geral, 62,9%. Em alterações estrangulativas, a média do lactato sanguíneo e peritoneal foi de 5,11 e 7,33mmol/L; em não estrangulativos, 3,54 e 3,06mmol/L. Já os sobreviventes obtiveram 3,43 e 2,42mmol/L, e os não sobreviventes 4,84 e 7,13mmol/L, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a mensuração do lactato peritoneal na admissão de cavalos com cólica foi considerada um preditor do tipo de afecção, bem como da sobrevida e do prognóstico. Porém, as mensurações de lactato sanguíneo e peritoneal não auxiliaram no encaminhamento terapêutico.
Assuntos
Animais , Prognóstico , Cólica/veterinária , Ácido Láctico , Doenças dos CavalosRESUMO
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência do parasitismo intestinal crônico sobre parâmetros hematológicos e de líquido peritoneal por meio da comparação dessas características em equinos naturalmente parasitados e após administração de anti-helmíntico. Utilizaram-se 21 cavalos de tração urbana, entre dois e 19 anos, sem raça definida e com resultado de exame parasitológico superior a 300 ovos por grama de fezes. Foi realizada avaliação física e coleta de fezes, de líquido peritoneal e de sangue em dois momentos do experimento (D0 e D15), sendo efetuado tratamento antiparasitário no D0. No fluido peritoneal foram avaliadas características físicas, bioquímicas, bem como contagem de células nucleadas (CTCN) e diferenciação celular. No sangue foram determinados valores eritrocitários, leucocitários, proteínas plasmáticas totais, glicose e fibrinogênio plasmáticos, além de fosfatase alcalina (FA) sérica. A análise dos parâmetros avaliados não demonstrou diferença significativa entre animais parasitados e após administração de anti-helmíntico, exceto para valores de CTCN, contagem de neutrófilos segmentados e grau de turbidez do líquido peritoneal. As médias se mantiveram dentro dos intervalos de referência, com exceção da CTCN do líquido peritoneal no D0. No líquido peritoneal, houve predomínio de neutrófilos segmentados, seguidos por macrófagos, linfócitos e eosinófilos em ambos os momentos de avaliação. Observaram-se tendência do quadro eritrocitário em manter-se próximo aos limites inferiores e leve leucocitose no D0. A infecção parasitária nos animais estudados foi predominantemente moderada, o que oferece poucos riscos clínicos. Nessas condições, pode-se afirmar que a CTCN, a contagem absoluta de neutrófilos segmentados e o grau de turbidez do líquido peritoneal são influenciados e podem ser considerados ferramentas diagnósticas e prognósticas úteis nas parasitoses intestinais crônicas.(AU)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of chronic intestinal parasitism on hematological parameters and peritoneal fluid. It was done by comparing these features in horses used for traction naturally parasitized and after the administration of anthelmintic. Twenty-one horses, between two and nineteen years of age, of mixed breed and with results of parasitological examination of more than 300 eggs per gram of feces were studied. Physical assessment and samples of feces were conducted, as well as blood and peritoneal fluid in the two phases of the experiment (D0 and D15). Antiparasitic treatment in D0 has also been done. The peritoneal fluid was evaluated for physical and biochemical features, and also total count of nucleated cells (TCNC) and cell differentiation. The blood was determined for erythrocyte, leukocyte, plasma total protein, glucose and plasma fibrinogen, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. The analysis of these parameters showed no significant difference between parasitized animals and after administration of anthelmintic except for TCNC values, segmented neutrophil count and degree of turbidity in peritoneal fluid. The averages remained within the reference ranges, except the TCNC in the peritoneal fluid in D0. In the peritoneal fluid there was a predominance of segmented neutrophils, followed by macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils in both time points. A trend was observed in erythrocyte frame to keep close to the lower limits and mild leukocytosis in D0. Parasitic infection of the animals studied was predominantly moderate, which offered minimal clinical risks. After that, it can be affirmed that the TCNC, absolute segmented neutrophil count and targeted degree of turbidity in peritoneal fluid are influenced and can be considered useful diagnostic and prognostic tools in chronic intestinal parasitism.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Doenças Parasitárias/complicações , Cavalos/parasitologia , Anti-Helmínticos , Líquido Ascítico , Testes Hematológicos/veterináriaRESUMO
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência do parasitismo intestinal crônico sobre parâmetros hematológicos e de líquido peritoneal por meio da comparação dessas características em equinos naturalmente parasitados e após administração de anti-helmíntico. Utilizaram-se 21 cavalos de tração urbana, entre dois e 19 anos, sem raça definida e com resultado de exame parasitológico superior a 300 ovos por grama de fezes. Foi realizada avaliação física e coleta de fezes, de líquido peritoneal e de sangue em dois momentos do experimento (D0 e D15), sendo efetuado tratamento antiparasitário no D0. No fluido peritoneal foram avaliadas características físicas, bioquímicas, bem como contagem de células nucleadas (CTCN) e diferenciação celular. No sangue foram determinados valores eritrocitários, leucocitários, proteínas plasmáticas totais, glicose e fibrinogênio plasmáticos, além de fosfatase alcalina (FA) sérica. A análise dos parâmetros avaliados não demonstrou diferença significativa entre animais parasitados e após administração de anti-helmíntico, exceto para valores de CTCN, contagem de neutrófilos segmentados e grau de turbidez do líquido peritoneal. As médias se mantiveram dentro dos intervalos de referência, com exceção da CTCN do líquido peritoneal no D0. No líquido peritoneal, houve predomínio de neutrófilos segmentados, seguidos por macrófagos, linfócitos e eosinófilos em ambos os momentos de avaliação. Observaram-se tendência do quadro eritrocitário em manter-se próximo aos limites inferiores e leve leucocitose no D0. A infecção parasitária nos animais estudados foi predominantemente moderada, o que oferece poucos riscos clínicos. Nessas condições, pode-se afirmar que a CTCN, a contagem absoluta de neutrófilos segmentados e o grau de turbidez do líquido peritoneal são influenciados e podem ser considerados ferramentas diagnósticas e prognósticas úteis nas parasitoses intestinais crônicas.(AU)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of chronic intestinal parasitism on hematological parameters and peritoneal fluid. It was done by comparing these features in horses used for traction naturally parasitized and after the administration of anthelmintic. Twenty-one horses, between two and nineteen years of age, of mixed breed and with results of parasitological examination of more than 300 eggs per gram of feces were studied. Physical assessment and samples of feces were conducted, as well as blood and peritoneal fluid in the two phases of the experiment (D0 and D15). Antiparasitic treatment in D0 has also been done. The peritoneal fluid was evaluated for physical and biochemical features, and also total count of nucleated cells (TCNC) and cell differentiation. The blood was determined for erythrocyte, leukocyte, plasma total protein, glucose and plasma fibrinogen, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. The analysis of these parameters showed no significant difference between parasitized animals and after administration of anthelmintic except for TCNC values, segmented neutrophil count and degree of turbidity in peritoneal fluid. The averages remained within the reference ranges, except the TCNC in the peritoneal fluid in D0. In the peritoneal fluid there was a predominance of segmented neutrophils, followed by macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils in both time points. A trend was observed in erythrocyte frame to keep close to the lower limits and mild leukocytosis in D0. Parasitic infection of the animals studied was predominantly moderate, which offered minimal clinical risks. After that, it can be affirmed that the TCNC, absolute segmented neutrophil count and targeted degree of turbidity in peritoneal fluid are influenced and can be considered useful diagnostic and prognostic tools in chronic intestinal parasitism.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cavalos/parasitologia , Parasitologia/métodos , Líquido Ascítico/parasitologia , Equidae/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/diagnóstico , Testes Hematológicos/veterináriaRESUMO
Pythiosis is a granulomatous disease of horses, cattle, dogs, cats and humans identified in tropical and subtropical areas and caused by Pythium insidiosum, a zoosporic fungus. Experimental models of pythiosis in naturally infected species have not yet been reported but, rabbits may be inoculated with zoospores as an experimental model for studying the disease. The present study evaluates the efficacy of three different of immunotherapics in the rabbit model. Approximately 17500 zoospores of oomycete P. insidiosum (CBS 101555 strain) were inoculated in each animal to generate the disease. Immunotherapics were produced from vortexed or sonicated cultures of the same strain. Four groups of five animals were employed: group 1, placebo; group 2, sonicated immunotherapic; group 3, mixed immunotherapic; and group 4, vortexed immunotherapic. All rabbits were inoculated with viable zoospores one month before administration of the immunotherapics. Eight doses of immunotherapic or placebo were used in each animal with a 14 day interval between injections. Rabbits receiving the vortexed immunotherapic were most effectively protected (P<0.05), showing a decrease in the area of coastal nodules due to Pythiosis insidiosum by 71.8% after 26 weeks of evaluation. Moreover, two animals in this group showed complete remission of the infection at the end of the 26 weeks. In contrast to these findings, rabbits given the sonicated immunotherapic did not show any protection and had an increase of 211.8% in the size of lesions. This failure of sonicated immunotherapic may reflect denaturation of protective antigens due to the sonication method.
Assuntos
Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/imunologia , Imunoterapia/métodos , Poaceae/imunologia , Animais , Doenças do Gato/imunologia , Gatos , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Cães , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/imunologia , Cavalos , Humanos , Placebos , CoelhosRESUMO
This article reports an outbreak of intoxication of female horses with Claviceps purpurea in southern Brazil. The outbreak affected twelve pregnant mares which were fed with black oat (Avena strigosa) during the pre-delivery period. Underdevelopment of the mammary gland in the pre-delivery period resulting in post-delivery agalactia was the most pronounced finding. These mares delivered weak and unviable foals, which showed no suckling reflex and died within a few hours of birth. Laboratory analysis of oat samples fed to the animals resulted in the identification of Claviceps purpurea sclerotia. The fungus was identified in 0.22% of the examined seeds.
Assuntos
Avena/microbiologia , Claviceps/química , Ergotismo/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Animais , Surtos de Doenças , Feminino , Cavalos , Gravidez , SementesRESUMO
The purpose of the present study was to compare the susceptibility to four antifungal agents of 69 Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from AIDS patients with that of 13 C. neoformans strains isolated from the environment. Based on the NCCLS M27-A methodology the Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) obtained for amphotericin B, itraconazole and ketoconazole were very similar for clinical and environmental isolates. Clinical isolates were less susceptible to fluconazole than environmental isolates. The significance of these findings and aspects concerning the importance, role and difficulties of C. neoformans susceptibility testing are also discussed.