RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing postoperative infections after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A Parallel-group, randomized, blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed. 154 patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups; experimental (n=77) receiving 2g amoxicillin 1 hour prior to surgery and control (n=77) receiving placebo. Primary outcome was postoperative infections and secondary outcome was the need for rescue analgesia. RESULTS: 4.5% of patients developed postoperative infections, five patients of the control group (4 alveolar osteitis, 1 surgical site infection) and two of the experimental group (1 alveolar osteitis, 1 surgical site infection). Difference between groups was not statistically significant, RR=0.4 (95%CI 0.08-1.99, ð±=0.41) NNTB=26. Rescue analgesia intake was significantly higher in the control group (41 vs 18 patients of experimental group) RR=0.49 (95%CI 0.32-0.75, ð±<0.05) NNTB=3. CONCLUSIONS: The use of 2g amoxicillin 1 hour before surgery was not effective in significantly reducing the risk of postoperative infections from impacted mandibular third molars extraction, when compared to placebo. Nevertheless, antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with a reduced need for rescue analgesia.
Assuntos
Alvéolo Seco , Dente Impactado , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Método Duplo-Cego , Alvéolo Seco/etiologia , Alvéolo Seco/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Dente Serotino/cirurgia , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Extração Dentária , Dente Impactado/cirurgiaRESUMO
The dental profession has experienced a dramatic acceleration in the use of communication systems and information-based technologies over recent years, originating new paradigms for the prevention and promotion of oral health. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effect of teledentistry-based (telematic) strategies, reported in randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized trials, with a focus on oral health prevention and promotion-related outcomes in patients of all ages. We searched Medline via PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science from inception until August 2020, regardless of the language of publication. We selected studies for inclusion and conducted data extraction, assessed risk of bias (Cochrane tool), and evaluated the certainty of the evidence (GRADE approach) in duplicate and independently. Out of 898 potentially eligible references, we selected 43 for full-text screening, of which 19 studies proved eligible: 18 randomized controlled trials and 1 quasi-randomized study. Virtual interventions were mostly asynchronous via apps (n = 9), text messages (n = 9), or computer-aided learning (n = 1). The use of teledentistry as compared with conventional strategies may result in a large reduction in the plaque index (standardized mean difference, -1.18; 95% CI, -1.54 to -0.82; I2 = 92%; low certainty) and will likely result in a large reduction in the gingival index (standardized mean difference, -2.17; 95% CI, -3.15 to -1.19; I2 = 97%; moderate certainty) and in the incidence of white spot lesions (risk ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.66; I2 = 0%; moderate certainty), with an increased effect over time. Evidence suggests that teledentistry, particularly mHealth (messages and apps), is a promising clinical tool for preventing and promoting oral health, especially under the accelerated virtualization of dentistry. Future studies should include a broader spectrum of the population, including adults and elders, to better inform policy and implementation of teledentistry (PROSPERO: CRD42020192685).
Assuntos
Saúde Bucal , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Telemedicina , Adulto , Idoso , Índice de Placa Dentária , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is the second cause of death by cancer worldwide. Histologic classification may predict tumor biology, clinical behavior, and outcome. According to the Lauren classification, the disease is divided into 2 types, diffuse and intestinal, and the latter has a better prognosis. AIM: To determine the frequency of gastric adenocarcinoma and compare the histopathologic characteristics of intestinal and diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma in Mexican patients treated at a tertiary referral hospital. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study evaluated the pathology reports of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma corresponding to the time frame of January 2003 to December 2012. Adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia were excluded. Frequencies were expressed as percentages and the categorical variables were compared with the chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at a P<.05. RESULTS: A total of 417 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were found, 230 (55.2%) of which were diffuse-type and 118 (28.2%) were intestinal-type. The mean age of the patients with diffuse type gastric cancer was 54.02±14.93 and 119 (51.3%) of those patients were men. The mean age of the patients with intestinal-type gastric cancer was 63.43±13.78, and 69 (62.2%) were men. Ninety-two of the diffuse-type patients were under the age of 50 years, compared with 22 of the patients with intestinal-type carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study on the Mexican population to analyze the differences in the histologic types of adenocarcinoma. Diffuse-type gastric carcinoma was the most frequent subtype in our study population and it is associated with worse outcome.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology of facial trauma injuries in a group of Chilean children aged 15 years or less. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of case series. Between 2006 and 2009, clinical records of 293,090 patients were reviewed. Data of patients with trauma injuries to the face were collected and evaluated for: age, sex, day and month of hospital admission, cause of injury, anatomical location, type of injury and presence of associated injuries. RESULTS: A total of 7,617 patients with 8,944 injuries were found. Boy to girl ratio was 1,7:1. Preschool age children were most frequently affected. Main cause of injury were falls, soft tissue injuries the most common type of injury. Associated injuries occurred in 11% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Facial trauma presents a significant frequency in the group of Chilean children studied. Preeschool age boys were prone to present facial trauma of mild severity associated to falls.
Assuntos
Traumatismos Faciais/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We present evidence that cervical cancer cells express a functional IL-2 receptor (IL-2R). In fact, by RT-PCR we obtained that the IL-2R is present in CALO, and INBL cells, and that it consisted of the alphaIL-2R, betaIL-2R, and gammaIL-2R chains. We also found that IL-2 is a growth factor for these cell lines, and unexpectedly that CALO and INBL themselves being cancer cells produce, and secrete IL-2. Antibodies against the alpha and beta subunits of the IL-2R inhibited cell proliferation thus hinting to a cell growth dependency on this factor. Our results thus provide evidence that the IL-2R on cervical cancer cells is part of an autocrine mechanism for its growth to the extent that, like lymphocytes, they produce and become partially dependent on this growth factor. We think that in view of our results caution should be taken when IL-2 is being considered for cancer therapy; in particular when the patient's cancer cells present the IL-2R, because as indicated by our results, the use of this factor could promote tumor growth. Finally, the possible implications of the expression of both IL-2, and IL-2R on cervical cancer cells on the immune escape mechanism of tumor cells are discussed.
Assuntos
Comunicação Autócrina , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Anticorpos Antineoplásicos/imunologia , Comunicação Autócrina/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Interleucina-2/genética , Interleucina-2/farmacologia , Receptores de Interleucina-2/genética , Receptores de Interleucina-2/imunologia , Receptores de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/genética , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/imunologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologiaRESUMO
A trypsin inhibitor from Opuntia streptacantha Lemaire (Prickly pear) seeds was purified and characterized. Of several proteases tested, this inhibitor showed specificity to trypsin-like enzymes. The major inhibitor present in these seeds showed distinctive characteristics, most notably a low molecular weight of 4.19 kDa, as determined by MALDI TOF, and an unusually high thermal stability, retaining most of the activity after heating the sample 1h to 120 degrees C with a pressure of 1 kg/cm(2). Its complete amino acid sequence was obtained through mass spectrometry, this establishing presence a blocked N-terminal region. When comparing its sequence in the MEROPS database for peptidases and peptidase inhibitors, it showed 34.48% identity with a serine-proteinase inhibitor from the I15 family.
Assuntos
Opuntia/enzimologia , Inibidores da Tripsina/isolamento & purificação , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Espectrometria de Massas , Peso Molecular , Sementes/enzimologia , Homologia de Sequência , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase , Temperatura , Inibidores da Tripsina/químicaRESUMO
Cell number is usually evaluated during in vitro studies to estimate metabolic or pharmacological effects of specific compounds. However, estimation of in vitro cell density by direct cell counting is a laborious and time-consuming task, whereas indirect methods for cell quantitation have serious disadvantages such as environmental costs or inaccuracies derived from non-specific interferences. We developed a new method for in vitro cell density quantitation which employs carmine, a natural dye widely used for chromosome staining in cytological studies. Normal or transformed murine fibroblasts, avian normal fibroblasts, human epithelial HeLa cells, and insect cells, inoculated at a range of cell densities, were fixed with 4% formaldehyde/PBS and stained with 0.4% alcoholic-HCl carmine. The stain retained in cell monolayers was extracted with 0.01 M NaOH and spectrophotometrically measured at 531 nm. Invariably, high correlation coefficients between cell number and absorbance were obtained for each cell type, within a range of 5 x 10(3) to 5 x 10(5) cells. Moreover, identical cell growth curves were obtained when cell number was estimated over several days of culture by both direct cell counting and carmine staining methods. Our results show that the carmine staining method represents an easy, precise and reliable alternative for in vitro cell quantitation, avoiding interferences caused by cell components modulable by culture treatments, and over a wide range of cell types and cell densities.
Assuntos
Carmim , Contagem de Células/métodos , Colorimetria/métodos , Corantes , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodos , Células 3T3 , Animais , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Linhagem Celular Transformada , Embrião de Galinha , Células HeLa , Humanos , Insetos , Camundongos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectrofotometria/métodosRESUMO
Some protease inhibitors (PI), such as the soybean Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (SBBI), have been described as anticarcinogenic agents. Although PI are ubiquitous compounds in living organisms, the anticarcinogenic potential of PIs other than SBBI remain poorly explored. We evaluated the antiproliferative effect of a protein fraction from tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) seeds with protease inhibitor activity (TPIF), on normal and on malignant cells. TPIF was obtained after precipitation with ammonium sulfate and gel filtration, and its bioactivity was assayed in vitro on HeLa cells, normal 3T3 fibroblasts and 3T3/v-mos transformed fibroblasts. TPIF showed antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on 3T3/v-mos transformed fibroblasts in a dose-dependent way. On the contrary, TPIF was only cytostatic for normal 3T3 cells at the highest doses assayed, and had no effect on epithelial HeLa cells proliferation. Sublethal TPIF doses also stimulated cell adhesion of poorly adherent 3T3/v-mos cell line.
Assuntos
Linhagem Celular Transformada/efeitos dos fármacos , Citotoxinas/toxicidade , Phaseolus , Inibidores de Proteases/toxicidade , Células 3T3 , Animais , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Transformada/patologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/patologia , Células HeLa , Humanos , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
Interspecific chemical variation of precloacal pore secretions of Liolaemus lizards was characterized in 20 species, and intraspecific chemical variation was characterized using nine individuals of L. bellii. The latitude (Chile, 18 degrees to 33 degrees South latitude) and altitude (100 to 4350 m.a.s.l.) of the capture sites were recorded, as well as the number of precloacal pores of each lizard. Secretions were analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 49 compounds were found distributed among the 20 species of Liolaemus. Different chemical patterns occurred at intra- and interspecific levels. Compounds belonged to three main families: n-alkanes, long chain carboxylic acids, and steroids. Cholesterol and five carboxylic acids (tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, hexadecenoic, octadecanoic, and Z-9-octadecenoic) appeared in all species. The number of precloacal pores correlated positively with altitude and negatively with latitude, suggesting that lizards produce more secretions under harsh environments.
Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica , Comunicação Animal , Glândulas Exócrinas/química , Lagartos , Altitude , Animais , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Masculino , Compostos Orgânicos/análiseRESUMO
A combination of ion-exchange chromatography, preparative electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography allowed a 1209-fold purification of one of the two major digestive alpha-amylases from larvae of the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus Horn. The purified enzyme showed a molecular mass of 60.2 kDa, an isoelectric point of 4.7 and an optimal pH for activity of 6.0. The enzyme was heat labile and it was recognized by proteinaceous inhibitors from amaranth seeds (Amaranthus hypochondriacus), whereas extracts from maize (Zea mays) and tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) produced very low inhibition. When the enzyme was measured at different stages of development, maximal activity was found in the second instar larvae. Activity drastically decreased to a very low level during the pupae stage and increased again at the adult stage. A zymogram of the different developmental stages showed two main bands of alpha-amylase activity, which almost disappeared at the pupae stage to increase again during the adult stage, revealing a new, smaller band. This new band may be required for a better adaptation of the adult insect to its new environment.