RESUMO
Long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are of increasing interest because of their favorable effect on cardiometabolic risk. This study explores the association between omega 6 and 3 fatty acids intake and cardiometabolic risk in four African-origin populations spanning the epidemiological transition. Data are obtained from a cohort of 2500 adults aged 25-45 enrolled in the Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study (METS), from the US, Ghana, Jamaica, and the Seychelles. Dietary intake was measured using two 24 h recalls from the Nutrient Data System for Research (NDSR). The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk was analyzed by comparing the lowest and highest quartile of omega-3 (EPA+ DHA) consumption and by comparing participants who consumed a ratio of arachidonic acid (AA)/EPA + DHA ≤4:1 and >4:1. Data were analyzed using multiple variable logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, activity, calorie intake, alcohol intake, and smoking status. The lowest quartile of EPA + DHA intake is associated with cardiometabolic risk 2.16 (1.45, 3.2), inflammation 1.59 (1.17, 2.16), and obesity 2.06 (1.50, 2.82). Additionally, consuming an AA/EPA + DHA ratio of >4:1 is also associated with cardiometabolic risk 1.80 (1.24, 2.60), inflammation 1.47 (1.06, 2.03), and obesity 1.72 (1.25, 2.39). Our findings corroborate previous research supporting a beneficial role for monounsaturated fatty acids in reducing cardiometabolic risk.
Assuntos
População Negra , Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Fibras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/administração & dosagem , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/análogos & derivados , Feminino , Gana/epidemiologia , Humanos , Inflamação/epidemiologia , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Seicheles/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate associations between self-reported sleep duration and cardiometabolic (CM) risk factors in African-origin adults residing in five countries spanning the epidemiologic transition. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Ghanaian (nâ¯=â¯491), South African (nâ¯=â¯503), Jamaican (nâ¯=â¯508), Seychellois (nâ¯=â¯501) and American (nâ¯=â¯480) men and women. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported sleep duration was obtained using questionnaires. Sex- and site-stratified logistic regression analyses investigated relationships between sleep duration, individual CM risk factors and a binary CM risk variable (presence of ≥3 CM risk factors), adjusting for age, physical activity and education. RESULTS: Sleep duration distributions varied by cohort: 44.5%, 41.4%, 35.9%, 16.8% and 2.5% of American, Jamaican, Seychellois, Ghanaian and South African men reported <7â¯h sleep per night respectively (pâ¯<â¯0.001). Similarly, 42.6%, 28.6%, 25.2%, 12.8% and 1.5% of American, Jamaican, Seychellois, Ghanaian and South African women reported <7â¯h sleep respectively (pâ¯<â¯0.001). American men reporting ≤6â¯h sleep were more likely to be in the elevated CM risk group (OR: 2.52, 95%CI: 1.02, 6.22, pâ¯=â¯0.045) and to have a high waist circumference (OR: 2.44, 95%CI: 1.07, 5.57, pâ¯=â¯0.034) compared to those reporting 8â¯h sleep. Jamaican women reporting ≤6â¯h sleep (OR: 2.53, 95%CI: 1.19, 5.36, pâ¯=â¯0.016) and American women reporting 7â¯h sleep (OR: 2.71, 95%CI: 1.17, 6.26, pâ¯=â¯0.002) were more likely to be obese than those reporting 8â¯h sleep. CONCLUSIONS: Associations between short sleep and CM risk factors were only evident in the American men and women and Jamaican women. Future interventions to address CM risk and sleep health may need to be country-specific when targeting high-risk populations.