RESUMO
During the pandemic of COVID-19, numerous waves of infections affected the two hemispheres with different impacts on each country. Throughout these waves, and with the emergence of new variants, health systems and scientists have tried to provide real-time responses to the complex biology of SARS-CoV-2, dealing with different clinical presentations, biological characteristics, and clinical impact of these variants. In this context, knowing the extent period in which an infected individual releases infectious viral particles has important implications for public health. This work aimed to investigate viral RNA shedding and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 beyond 10 days after symptom onset (SO). A prospective multicenter study was performed between July/2021 and February/2022 on 116 immunized strategic personnel with COVID-19 diagnosed by RT-qPCR, with asymptomatic (7%), mild (91%) or moderate disease (2%). At the time of diagnosis, 70% had 2 doses of vaccines, 26% had 2 plus a booster, and 4% had one dose. After day 10 from SO, sequential nasopharyngeal swabs were taken to perform RT-qPCR, viral isolation, and S gene sequencing when possible. Viral sequences were obtained in 98 samples: 43% were Delta, 16% Lambda, 15% Gamma, 25% Omicron (BA.1) and 1% Non-VOC/VOI, in accordance with the main circulating variants at each moment. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected 10 days post SO in 57% of the subjects. Omicron was significantly less persistent. Noteworthy, infective viruses could not be isolated in any of the samples. In conclusion, a 10-days isolation period was useful to prevent further infections, and proved valid for the variants studied. Recently, even shorter periods have been applied, as the Omicron variant is prevalent, and worldwide population is largely vaccinated. In the future, facing the possible emergence of new variants and considering immunological status, a return to 10 days may be necessary.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , RNA Viral , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Argentina/epidemiologia , RNA Viral/genética , SARS-CoV-2/genética , COVID-19/epidemiologiaRESUMO
La rabia es una zoonosis viral que puede afectar todo tipo de mamíferos. Los reservorios primarios, sin embargo, pertenecen a los órdenes Carnivora (Subórdenes: Caniformia ûcánidos- y Feliformia ûfelinos-) y Chiroptera (murciélagos). El perro doméstico (Canis familiaris) es la especie más significativa en cuanto a la transmisión del virus al ser humano y como tal es responsable de millones de exposiciones y decenas de miles de muertes humanas por año en todo el mundo. La encefalitis por rabia, de curso fatal, se presenta cuando una persona tiene un accidente con un animal transmisor y no se adoptan las medidas profilácticas adecuadas para prevenirla, que incluyen un adecuado cuidado de la herida, más el uso de vacuna y -cuando es necesario- gammaglobulina específica. En 2008 se registró, después de 14 años sin denuncias, un caso de rabia humana transmitida por perro en un niño de la Provincia de Jujuy. La lista de los últimos años de nuestro país se completa con otro de transmisión canina (Tucumán, en 1994) y dos más, ambos consecutivos a mordeduras de quirópteros (Chaco, en 1997 y Corrientes, en 2001).