RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether polymorphisms of the IL10 and IL17 genes are associated with severe asthma control and bronchodilator reversibility in children and adolescents with severe asthma. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, nested within a prospective cohort study of patients with severe asthma. Two outcomes were evaluated: asthma control and bronchodilator reversibility. We extracted DNA from peripheral blood and genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms: rs3819024 and rs2275913 in the IL17A gene; and rs3024498 in the IL10 gene. For the association analyses, we performed logistic regression in three genetic models (allelic, additive, and dominant). RESULTS: The rs3024498 C allele in the IL10 gene was associated with failure to achieve asthma control despite regular treatment (p = 0.02). However, the G allele of the IL17A rs3819024 polymorphism was associated with failure to respond to stimulation with a b2 agonist. The rs2275913 polymorphism of the IL17A gene showed no relationship with asthma control or bronchodilator reversibility. CONCLUSIONS: In pediatric patients with severe asthma, the IL10 polymorphism appears to be associated with failure to achieve clinical control, whereas the IL17A polymorphism appears to be associated with a worse bronchodilator response. Knowledge of the involvement of these polymorphisms opens future directions for pharmacogenetic studies and for the implementation of individualized therapeutic management of severe asthma in pediatric patients.
Assuntos
Asma , Interleucina-10 , Humanos , Adolescente , Criança , Interleucina-10/genética , Broncodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
Abstract Objective: To compare high and low-fidelity simulations for the recognition of respiratory distress and failure in urgency and emergency pediatric scenarios. Methods: 70 fourth-year medical students were randomly distributed in high and low-fidelity groups and simulated different types of respiratory problems. Theory tests, performance checklists, and satisfaction and self-confidence questionnaires were used in the assessment. Face-to-face simulation and memory retention was applied. The statistics were evaluated by averages and quartiles, Kappa, and generalized estimating equations. The p-value was considered 0.05. Results: In the theory test there was an increase in scores in both methodologies (p < 0.001 ); in memory retention (p = 0.043) and at the end of the process the high-fidelity group had better results. The performance in the practical checklists was better after the second simulation (p > 0,05). The high-fidelity group felt more challenged in both phases (p = 0.042; p = 0.018) and showed greater self-confidence to recognize changes in clinical conditions and in memory retention (p = 0.050). The same group, in relation to the hypothetical real patient to be treated in the future, felt better confident to recognize respiratory distress and failure (p = 0.008; p = 0.004), and better prepared to make a systematic clinical evaluation of the patient in memory retention (p = 0.016). Conclusion: The two levels of simulations enhance diagnostic skills. High fidelity improves knowledge, leads the student to feel more challenged and more self-confident in recognizing the severity of the clinical case, including memory retention, and showed benefits regarding self-confidence in recognizing respiratory distress and failure in pediatric cases.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether polymorphisms of the IL10 and IL17 genes are associated with severe asthma control and bronchodilator reversibility in children and adolescents with severe asthma. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, nested within a prospective cohort study of patients with severe asthma. Two outcomes were evaluated: asthma control and bronchodilator reversibility. We extracted DNA from peripheral blood and genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms: rs3819024 and rs2275913 in the IL17A gene; and rs3024498 in the IL10 gene. For the association analyses, we performed logistic regression in three genetic models (allelic, additive, and dominant). Results: The rs3024498 C allele in the IL10 gene was associated with failure to achieve asthma control despite regular treatment (p = 0.02). However, the G allele of the IL17A rs3819024 polymorphism was associated with failure to respond to stimulation with a b2 agonist. The rs2275913 polymorphism of the IL17A gene showed no relationship with asthma control or bronchodilator reversibility. Conclusions: In pediatric patients with severe asthma, the IL10 polymorphism appears to be associated with failure to achieve clinical control, whereas the IL17A polymorphism appears to be associated with a worse bronchodilator response. Knowledge of the involvement of these polymorphisms opens future directions for pharmacogenetic studies and for the implementation of individualized therapeutic management of severe asthma in pediatric patients.
RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar se existe relação entre polimorfismos dos genes IL10 e IL17 e controle da asma grave e reversibilidade com broncodilatador em crianças e adolescentes com asma grave. Métodos: Estudo transversal, aninhado em um estudo prospectivo de coorte com pacientes com asma grave. Foram avaliados dois desfechos: controle da asma e reversibilidade com broncodilatador. Extraímos DNA do sangue periférico e genotipamos três polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único: rs3819024 e rs2275913 no gene IL17A e rs3024498 no gene IL10. Para as análises de associação, realizamos regressão logística em três modelos genéticos (alélico, aditivo e dominante). Resultados: O alelo C do polimorfismo rs3024498 do gene IL10 apresentou relação com asma que permaneceu descontrolada mesmo com tratamento regular (p = 0,02). No entanto, o alelo G do polimorfismo rs3819024 do gene IL17A apresentou relação com ausência de resposta ao estímulo com b2-agonista. O polimorfismo rs2275913 do gene IL17A não apresentou relação com controle da asma ou reversibilidade com broncodilatador. Conclusões: Em pacientes pediátricos com asma grave, o polimorfismo do gene IL10 parece estar relacionado com ausência de controle clínico, ao passo que o polimorfismo do gene IL17A parece estar relacionado com pior resposta ao broncodilatador. O conhecimento a respeito do envolvimento desses polimorfismos abre perspectivas futuras para estudos farmacogenéticos e para a implantação de manejo terapêutico individualizado da asma grave em pacientes pediátricos.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of home visits in a group of children and adolescents with severe asthma by using the inhalation technique score and adherence rates to drug treatment. METHOD: A 12-month randomized controlled trial involving patients aged between three and 17 years under regular follow-up treatment at a pediatric pulmonology outpatient clinic of a university hospital in southeastern Brazil. A group of patients received only outpatient consultations and the other group received home visits from nurses in addition to outpatient consultations. The differences between groups were analyzed through the outcomes of inhalation technique scores and treatment adherence rate. RESULTS: Participation of 29 patients. In the intervention group, there was a statistically significant increase in inhalation technique scores (p<0.05) and elimination of critical errors between the first and the second evaluation, and results were maintained in the third evaluation. In the control group, there were no significant changes in inhalation technique scores. Rates of adherence to drug treatment in both groups did not rise. CONCLUSION: Home visits were effective for improving inhalation technique scores in patients with severe asthma. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-8GZWZP.
Assuntos
Antiasmáticos/administração & dosagem , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Visita Domiciliar , Adesão à Medicação , Administração por Inalação , Adolescente , Assistência Ambulatorial/organização & administração , Asma/fisiopatologia , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/organização & administração , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the number of asthma deaths and the temporal trend of the asthma-specific mortality rate in children and adolescents up to 19 years of age in Brazil. METHODS: This is an ecological time-series study of asthma deaths reported in Brazil, in the population up to 19 years of age, between 1996 and 2015. The specific asthma mortality rate and its temporal trend were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 5014 deaths during the 20 years evaluated, with the majority, 68.1%, being recorded in children under 5 years of age. The specific asthma mortality rate ranged from 0.57/100,000 in 1997 to 0.21/100,000 in 2014, with a significant reduction of 59.8%. Regarding the place of death, 79.4% occurred in a hospital setting. In this sample, the adolescents had a 1.5-fold higher chance of death out-of-hospital than children up to nine years of age. There was no significant difference in the temporal trend between the genders and no significant decrease in out-of-hospital deaths. CONCLUSIONS: This study found a temporal trend for a reduction in asthma deaths over 20 years in children and adolescents in Brazil. Mortality rates varied across the geographic regions of the country and were higher in the Northeast. The prevalence of deaths under 5 years of age may be associated with the greater vulnerability of this age group in low-income countries. In adolescence, deaths outside the hospital environment are noteworthy. Asthma deaths are rare but unacceptable events, considering the treatable nature of the disease and the presence of avoidable factors in most of fatal outcomes.
Assuntos
Asma , Adolescente , Distribuição por Idade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mortalidade , Prevalência , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of home visits in a group of children and adolescents with severe asthma by using the inhalation technique score and adherence rates to drug treatment. Method: A 12-month randomized controlled trial involving patients aged between three and 17 years under regular follow-up treatment at a pediatric pulmonology outpatient clinic of a university hospital in southeastern Brazil. A group of patients received only outpatient consultations and the other group received home visits from nurses in addition to outpatient consultations. The differences between groups were analyzed through the outcomes of inhalation technique scores and treatment adherence rate. Results: Participation of 29 patients. In the intervention group, there was a statistically significant increase in inhalation technique scores (p<0.05) and elimination of critical errors between the first and the second evaluation, and results were maintained in the third evaluation. In the control group, there were no significant changes in inhalation technique scores. Rates of adherence to drug treatment in both groups did not rise. Conclusion: Home visits were effective for improving inhalation technique scores in patients with severe asthma. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-8GZWZP.
Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la visita domiciliaria en un grupo de niños y adolescentes con asma severa, utilizando el score de la técnica inhalatoria y las tasas de adhesión al tratamiento medicamentoso. Método: Estudio experimental randomizado controlado, con duración de 12 meses, que incluyó a pacientes con edades entre tres y 17 años, acompañados regularmente en un ambulatorio de neumología pediátrica de un hospital universitario de la región Sureste de Brasil. Un grupo de pacientes recibió solo consultas ambulatorias y el otro grupo, además de las consultas ambulatorias, recibió visitas de la enfermera en el hogar. Fueron analizadas las diferencias entre los grupos en los resultados: scores de la técnica inhalatoria y tasa de adhesión al tratamiento. Resultados: Participaron 29 pacientes. En el grupo intervención, hubo aumento estadísticamente significativo de los scores de la técnica inhalatoria (p<0,05) y eliminación de errores críticos de la primera a la segunda evaluación, resultados que se mantuvieron en la tercera. No hubo modificaciones significativas en la técnica inhalatoria del grupo de control. Las tasas de adhesión al tratamiento medicamentoso en ambos grupos no se elevaron. Conclusión: La visita domiciliaria fue eficaz en mejorar los scores de técnica inhalatoria en pacientes con asma severa. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos: RBR-8GZWZP
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da visita domiciliar, em um grupo de crianças e adolescentes com asma grave, utilizando o escore da técnica inalatória e as taxas de adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso. Método: Estudo experimental randomizado controlado, com duração de 12 meses, envolvendo pacientes, com idades entre três e 17 anos, acompanhados regularmente em um ambulatório de pneumologia pediátrica de um hospital universitário da região Sudeste do Brasil. Um grupo de pacientes recebeu apenas consultas ambulatoriais e o outro grupo, além das consultas ambulatoriais, recebeu visitas da enfermeira no domicílio. Foram analisadas as diferenças entre os grupos nos desfechos: escores da técnica inalatória e taxa de adesão ao tratamento. Resultados: Participaram 29 pacientes. No grupo-intervenção, houve aumento estatisticamente significante dos escores da técnica inalatória (p<0,05) e eliminação de erros críticos da primeira para a segunda avaliação, resultados que foram mantidos na terceira. Não houve alterações significativas na técnica inalatória do grupo-controle. As taxas de adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso em ambos os grupos não se elevaram. Conclusão: A visita domiciliar foi eficaz em melhorar os escores de técnica inalatória em pacientes com asma grave. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: RBR-8GZWZP.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/terapia , Inalação , Adesão à Medicação , Visita DomiciliarRESUMO
Este documento é uma revisão do protocolo de asma grave da SMPCT de 2015, que se fez necessária devido à atualização de avanços em pesquisas, principalmente em fenotipagem/genotipagem e terapêutica da asma grave, além de asma grave na pediatria. A maioria da publicações relata que 5% a 10% dos asmáticos podem apresentar asma grave. Porém, levantamento na Holanda encontrou uma prevalência menor, de 3,6% ou 10,4/10000 habitantes, que parece ser mais próximo da realidade. Este protocolo tem como população alvo os pacientes com asma grave, adultos e pediátricos, conforme definições de asma grave da"International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma" de 2014 e GINA 2018.1,3 Seus potenciais utilizadores são especialistas em doenças respiratórias que lidam com asma grave, e que devem ser os responsáveis pela aplicação do protocolo, e também clínicos gerais, pediatras, médicos de cuidados primários, enfermeiros, fisioterapeutas e outros profissionais da saúde. É aconselhável consulta com um especialista em asma nos seguintes casos: asma de difícil diagnóstico, suspeita de asma ocupacional, asma persistente não controlada com exacerbações frequentes, asma com risco de morte, eventos adversos significativos ou suspeita de subtipos de asma grave.4 Este documento não tem a intenção de instituir um tratamento padronizado, mas estabelecer bases racionais para decisões em pacientes com asma grave, pois as recomendações não conseguem abranger toda a complexidade do julgamento clínico em casos individuais. Os autores recomendam sua revisão e atualização no período máximo de 3 anos, ou, se necessário, em tempo menor.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Asma , Corticosteroides , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2 , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/terapia , Interleucina-5/antagonistas & inibidores , Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Corticosteroides/agonistas , Compostos Químicos , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/administração & dosagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the Newcastle Paediatric Mitochondrial Disease Scale (NPMDS) to Portuguese for use in Brazil. METHODS: The scale was applied in 20 pediatric patients with mitochondrial disease, in three groups: myopathy (n = 4); Leigh syndrome (n = 8); and encephalomyopathy (n = 8). Scores were obtained for the various dimensions of the NPMDS, and comparisons were drawn between the groups. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the myopathy group and the Leigh syndrome group (p = 0.0085), as well as between the myopathy and encephalomyopathy groups (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The translation of the NPMDS, and its adaptation to the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Brazil, make the NPMDS score useful as an additional parameter in the evaluation and monitoring of pediatric patients with MD in Brazil.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Doenças Mitocondriais/fisiopatologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Traduções , Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Idioma , Doença de Leigh/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Encefalomiopatias Mitocondriais/fisiopatologia , Miopatias Mitocondriais/fisiopatologia , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the Newcastle Paediatric Mitochondrial Disease Scale (NPMDS) to Portuguese for use in Brazil. Methods The scale was applied in 20 pediatric patients with mitochondrial disease, in three groups: myopathy (n = 4); Leigh syndrome (n = 8); and encephalomyopathy (n = 8). Scores were obtained for the various dimensions of the NPMDS, and comparisons were drawn between the groups. Results There was a statistically significant difference between the myopathy group and the Leigh syndrome group (p = 0.0085), as well as between the myopathy and encephalomyopathy groups (p = 0.01). Conclusions The translation of the NPMDS, and its adaptation to the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Brazil, make the NPMDS score useful as an additional parameter in the evaluation and monitoring of pediatric patients with MD in Brazil.
RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar a tradução e adaptação da escala NPMDS para a população brasileira. Métodos A escala foi aplicada em 20 crianças e adolescentes com doença mitocondrial (DM) divididos em três grupos: miopatia (n=4), síndrome de Leigh (n=8) e encefalomiopatia (n=8). Obteve-se os escores separados das dimensões da escala NPMDS, foram realizadas comparações entre os escores da NPMDS nos diferentes grupos. Conclusão A tradução da escala NPMDS e sua adequação as condições socioeconômicas e culturais de nossa população tornam este instrumento um parâmetro adicional na avaliação e acompanhamento de pacientes pediátricos com DM.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Traduções , Comparação Transcultural , Inquéritos e Questionários , Doenças Mitocondriais/fisiopatologia , Brasil , Doença de Leigh/fisiopatologia , Estudos Transversais , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Miopatias Mitocondriais/fisiopatologia , Encefalomiopatias Mitocondriais/fisiopatologia , Progressão da Doença , IdiomaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The morbidity associated with severe uncontrolled asthma is disproportionately higher in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. The aim of this study was to describe the phenotypic characteristics of difficult-to-treat severe asthma and treatment-resistant severe asthma in a sample of children and adolescents in Brazil. METHODS: This was a prospective study, conducted between 2010 and 2014, following 61 patients (6-18 years of age) who had been diagnosed with severe uncontrolled asthma. The patients were classified and managed in accordance with the World Health Organization asthma follow-up protocol, which calls for re-evaluations of the diagnosis, level of control (functional and clinical), comorbidities, inhaler technique, and environmental factors, together with adjustment of the treatment to achieve a target level of control. We assessed pulmonary function, measured fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and performed sputum cytology. After the target rate of ≥ 80% adherence to inhaled corticosteroid treatment had been reached and all of the re-evaluations had been performed, the patients incorrectly diagnosed with severe uncontrolled asthma were excluded and the remaining patients were classified as having treatment-resistant or difficult-to-treat severe asthma. RESULTS: We found that, of the 61 patients evaluated, 10 had been misdiagnosed (i.e., they did not have asthma), 15 had moderate asthma, and 36 had severe uncontrolled asthma. Among those 36 patients, the asthma was classified as treatment-resistant in 20 (55.6%) and as difficult-to-treat in 16 (44.4%). In comparison with the patients with difficult-to-treat severe asthma, those with treatment-resistant severe asthma showed a higher median level of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (40 ppb vs. 12 ppb; P < 0.037) and a lower median forced expiratory volume in one second (61% vs. 87%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Although patients with treatment-resistant severe asthma cannot always be distinguished from those with difficult-to-treat severe asthma on the basis of baseline clinical characteristics, reduced airflow and elevated fractional exhaled nitric oxide are factors that could distinguish the two groups. Patients diagnosed with severe uncontrolled asthma should be re-evaluated on a regular basis, in order to exclude other diagnoses, to reduce exacerbations, and to identify patients with persistent airflow limitation.