RESUMO
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer is a disease characterised by both oxidative reactions and inflammation. However, few studies have focused on the oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between oxidative stress markers and adiposity and clinical staging, as well as the association between the oxidative and the antioxidant biomarkers of women with breast cancer. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 135 cases of breast cancer occurring in 2011 and 2012 were assessed. After exclusions, 101 pre- and post-menopausal women with clinical staging I to IV were eligible to participate in the study. The anthropometric evaluation was performed by collecting data on waist circumference, body mass index and body composition. The socioeconomic and clinical profiles were determined using a standard questionnaire. For the oxidative biomarkers, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), low-density lipoprotein(-) (LDL(-)), autoantibody anti-LDL(-) and liposoluble antioxidants (α-tocopherol, retinol and ß-carotene) were analysed. The data were analysed using differences in the mean values, correlation tests and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The antioxidant levels were higher in postmenopausal women with clinical staging I and II and negative lymph nodes. The TBARS level was associated with clinical staging. Adiposity was associated with levels of retinol and 8-OHdG, whereas LDL(-), 8-OHdG and TBARS were correlated with liposoluble antioxidants after adjusting for the confounders. CONCLUSIONS: The adiposity and clinical staging of patients were associated with oxidative stress. The oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers showed a negative correlation in patients with breast cancer.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adiposidade , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Obesidade/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , Neoplasias da Mama/sangue , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Dano ao DNA , Dieta , Feminino , Humanos , Linfonodos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/complicações , Pós-Menopausa , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Vitamina A/sangue , Circunferência da Cintura , alfa-Tocoferol/sangue , beta Caroteno/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with depression symptoms in high school students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving high school students was conducted in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, 2001. A total of 724 students aged 14-18 years answered questionnaires on life and health conditions. Another questionnaire was applied to working (44.8 percent) and unemployed (22.9 percent) students to collect information on working conditions. Factors associated to depressive disorders were analyzed using multiple logistic regression controlled for occupational status. RESULTS: Overall prevalence rate of depression was 7.5 percent. Rates according to gender were 39 (10.3 percent) in females and 15 (4.3 percent) in males. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that factors associated with depressive disorders were: poor self-perception of health (OR=5.78), being female (OR = 2.45), and alcohol consumption (OR=2.35). CONCLUSIONS: The study results showed that sociodemographic, lifestyle and health variables were associated with symptoms of depression in this population. These ndings suggest that it is important to have mental health professionals available in high schools for early detection of mental conditions and student counseling.
OBJETIVO: Investigar os fatores associados a sintomas depressivos em estudantes do ensino médio. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal com estudantes residentes no Município de São Paulo, Brasil, em 2001. O total de 724 estudantes com idades entre 14 e 18 anos preencheram questionários de condições de vida e saúde. Dentre eles, os estudantes trabalhadores (44,8 por cento) e desempregados (22,9 por cento) também responderam a um outro questionário de condições de trabalho. A regressão logística foi utilizada para determinar os fatores associados para apresentar distúrbios depressivos, utilizando-se a "situação ocupacional" para ajustar o modelo. RESULTADOS: A prevalência dos sintomas depressivos na população estudada foi de 7,5 por cento; as taxas de acordo com o sexo foram de 39 (10,3 por cento) e 15 (4,3 por cento) nos adolescentes dos sexos feminino e masculino, respectivamente. A regressão logística mostrou que os fatores associados aos distúrbios depressivos são: baixo escore na auto-avaliação da saúde (OR=5,78), ser do sexo feminino (OR=2,45) e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas (OR=2,35). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostraram que variáveis sociodemográficas, de estilo de vida e de saúde estavam associadas aos distúrbios depressivos. Esses achados sugerem a importância de que profissionais de saúde mental em escolas de ensino médio efetuem rastreio para reconhecer precocemente problemas mentais e fornecer aconselhamento aos estudantes.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Humanos , Adolescente , Depressão , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Saúde Mental , Trabalho InfantilRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with depression symptoms in high school students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving high school students was conducted in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, 2001. A total of 724 students aged 14-18 years answered questionnaires on life and health conditions. Another questionnaire was applied to working (44.8%) and unemployed (22.9%) students to collect information on working conditions. Factors associated to depressive disorders were analyzed using multiple logistic regression controlled for occupational status. RESULTS: Overall prevalence rate of depression was 7.5%. Rates according to gender were 39 (10.3%) in females and 15 (4.3%) in males. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that factors associated with depressive disorders were: poor self-perception of health (OR=5.78), being female (OR = 2.45), and alcohol consumption (OR=2.35). CONCLUSIONS: The study results showed that sociodemographic, lifestyle and health variables were associated with symptoms of depression in this population. These findings suggest that it is important to have mental health professionals available in high schools for early detection of mental conditions and student counseling.
Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Emprego , Saúde Mental , Estudantes/psicologia , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Transtorno Depressivo/epidemiologia , Emprego/psicologia , Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Saúde Ocupacional , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estresse Psicológico , Local de Trabalho/psicologiaRESUMO
In order to compare patterns of indoor air perception, including perceptions of temperature, air movement, indoor air quality (IAQ), mental concentration, and comfort, 33 subjects either with persistent allergic rhinitis or controls were exposed to different temperatures and constant relative humidity in an experimental office environment. Results were obtained by means of a self-administered visual analogue scale, analyzed using mean score comparisons and principal component analysis. At 14 degrees C, the rhinitis group reported higher scores for sensations of air dryness than controls. At 18 degrees C, in the rhinitis group, there was a correlation between dry, stagnant air, and difficult mental concentration. This group also correlated heat, dry air, and poor IAQ, in contrast to the control group, which correlated comfort, easy mental concentration, and freshness. At 22 degrees C, the rhinitis group correlated heat, dryness, stagnant air, and overall discomfort. This group also correlated non-dry air, freshness, and comfort, whereas the control group correlated heat, humidity, good indoor air, freshness, and comfort. This study suggests that the rhinitis group perceives indoor temperatures of 14 degrees C as dryer than controls do, and that at 18 and 22 degrees C this group positively correlates different adverse perceptions of IAQ. By means of a self-administered questionnaire in an experimental condition, the present study compares subjective patterns of indoor air perception from individuals with respiratory allergy (allergic rhinitis) to control individuals. It reports different patterns of perception of indoor air quality (IAQ) between the two groups, suggesting that allergic individuals could have different IAQ perception.
Assuntos
Umidade , Percepção , Rinite Alérgica Perene , Temperatura , Adulto , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/análise , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Poeira/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Análise de Componente Principal , Esporos Fúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Local de TrabalhoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of micrometastatic disease (MID) in pelvic lymph nodes (PLNs) in carcinoma of the uterine cervix (CUC) and to determine the risk of recurrence. The PLNs from 289 patients with CUC (IB and IIA) were studied. Each PLN was assessed via immunohistochemistry using a single histologic section (AE1/AE3). Metastatic deposits were measured and the disease status was classified into three groups: 1) absence of metastatic disease (MOD); 2) MID, one or more metastatic PLN with only isolated tumor cells and/or micrometastases (up to 2 mm); and 3) macrometastatic disease (MAD), presence of one or more metastatic PLN with macrometastases (more than 2 mm). Eleven patients (3.8%) were classified as having MID and 37 (12.8%) as having MAD. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates for MOD, MAD, and MID were 88.7%, 80.4%, and 50.0%, respectively (P < 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards model showed that MID was an independent variable for recurrence when adjusted for MAD, depth of tumor invasion, severity of inflammatory reaction, and use of adjuvant radiotherapy. We conclude that the frequency of MID in PLN was low. However, patients with MID presented a high risk of recurrence and reduced DFS.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/secundário , Metástase Linfática/diagnóstico , Pelve , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Carcinoma/mortalidade , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Queratinas/análise , Queratinas/metabolismo , Excisão de Linfonodo , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/mortalidade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/mortalidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with infant feeding practices on the first day at home after hospital discharge. METHODS: A total of 209 women, who had a child aged four months or less and were living in Itapira, Brazil, were interviewed during the National Immunization Campaign Day in 1999. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and a logistic regression model was used for verifying an association between dependent and independent variables. RESULTS: Women aged 25.5 years on average and 18.2% were teenagers. Fifty-three percent of the women delivered vaginally and most vaginal deliveries (78.5%) took place in the public hospital. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding on the first day at home was 78.1% and 11.6% of the infants were receiving formula at this time. The only factor associated with EBF on the first day at home was being a teenaged-primiparous mother (OR=9.40; 95% CI: 1.24-71.27). This association remained statistically significant even after controlling for type of delivery and hospital where the birth took place. Feeding formula on the first day at home was only significantly associated with the hospital (i.e., birth at the city hospital was a protective factor (OR=0.33; 95% CI: 0.13-0.86), even after controlling for vaginal delivery. CONCLUSIONS: On the first day at home after hospital discharge, teenaged-primiparous mothers were more likely to exclusive breastfeeding as well as those infants born in the municipal public hospital. Further studies are needed from a multidisciplinary approach.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Materno , Adolescente , Adulto , Alimentação com Mamadeira/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Fórmulas Infantis/estatística & dados numéricos , Recém-Nascido , Entrevistas como Assunto , Modelos Logísticos , Análise Multivariada , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Effects of meteorological variables and air pollutants on child respiratory morbidity are investigated during two consecutive summers (December-March 1992/1993 and 1993/1994) at the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), Brazil. The MASP, with almost 17 million inhabitants, is considered the most populous region in South America. Due to warmer temperatures, increased rainfall and consequent low levels of air pollutants during the summer compared to winter, less attention has been paid to epidemiological studies during this season, especially in tropical urban areas such as São Paulo. In the present work, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to medical end environmental data to identify patterns relating child morbidity, meteorological variables and air pollutants during the summer. The following pollutant concentrations are examined: SO2, inhalable particulate matter (PM10), and O3. The meteorological variables investigated are air temperature, water vapor (water vapor density) and solar radiation. Although low correlation between respiratory morbidity and environmental variables are, in general, observed for the entire dataset, the PCA method indicates that child morbidity is positively associated with O3 for the 1992/1993 summer. This pattern is identified in the third principal component (PC3), which explains about 19% of the total variance of all data in this summer. However, the 1993/1994 summer shows a more complex association between both groups, suggesting stronger ties with meteorological variables. Marked changes in synoptic conditions from the end of January to end of March of the 1993/1994 summer seem to have played an important role in modulating respiratory morbidity. A detailed examination of meteorological conditions in that period indicates that prefrontal (postfrontal), hot (cold) and dry (wet) days favored the observed decrease (increase) of respiratory morbidity.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/intoxicação , Proteção da Criança , Conceitos Meteorológicos , Doenças Respiratórias/etiologia , Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cidades , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Morbidade , Oxidantes Fotoquímicos/intoxicação , Ozônio/intoxicação , Tamanho da Partícula , Análise de Componente Principal , Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estações do Ano , Dióxido de Enxofre/intoxicaçãoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: To evaluate the association of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems (HVAC) and respiratory symptoms in a tropical city, self-administered questionnaires were given to 2000 individuals working in air-conditioned office buildings and to 500 control workers in naturally ventilated buildings. Reported symptoms from the two populations were analyzed using chi-square tests, univariate and multiple logistic regressions models. Symptoms were the outcome variable and the odds ratios were adjusted by gender, age, accumulated work time, smoking habits and atopic background. There was a 79.8% response rate and there was a positive association of nasal symptoms (odds ratio, OR = 1.59, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.11-2.28), naso-ocular symptoms (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.05-2.38), persistent cough (OR = 3.04, 95% CI = 2.00-4.63) sinusitis symptoms (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.27-2.71) and building-related worsening of the symptoms (OR = 4.92, 95% CI = 2.93-8.27) with working in air-conditioned buildings. In conclusion, our study suggests that artificial air-conditioning is a matter of concern for respiratory symptoms in cities with hot and humid climate. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that indoor air-related respiratory symptoms are a matter of concern in places with hot and humid climate. The regression models were adjusted by confounders that could be used in further reanalysis of indoor air quality related symptoms and ventilation systems with expanded variety of climatic conditions.
Assuntos
Ar Condicionado/efeitos adversos , Tosse/etiologia , Doenças Respiratórias/etiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Fatores Sexuais , Clima Tropical , População UrbanaRESUMO
Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy are exposed to high doses of cytotoxic and genotoxic drugs which, in some cases, can lead to treatment related leukemia. Since this only occurs in a minority of patients, however, it is possible some individuals are predisposed due to genetic polymorphisms in genes for enzymes that mediate drug metabolism. To address this possibility we measured the genotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in patients receiving treatment for ALL by the frequency of the Vã/Jâ trans-rearrangement in their peripheral blood leukocytes and compared this with CYP3A4 genotype. CYP3A4 is the most abundant of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme in the liver and intestine which contains a common −392A>G substitution in the promoter region (CYP3A4*1B allele). We found a significant increase in the frequency of rearrangements during chemotherapy only in patients homozygous for the wild type CYP3A4*1A allele. This provides a direct link between CYP3A4 genotype and susceptibility to drug genotoxicity thus strengthening the possibility that predisposition to treatment related leukemia may be measurable by simple genetic testing.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Tratamento Farmacológico , Genótipo , Leucócitos , NeoplasiasRESUMO
Previous studies of human in vivo complement protein levels have only compared data for neonates with that from adult sera. Here, we establish the normal concentration ranges of the following complement regulatory proteins in healthy Brazilian children of different age groups (neonates: 1 month-1 year, 1-6 years and 6-13 years) and in adults: factor H (fH), factor I (fI), C4b-binding protein (C4 BP), properdin and vitronectin. We found that the concentrations of fH, fI, properdin and vitronectin in neonates are significantly lower than in adults. Remarkably, the concentration of C4 BP is below the method resolution (<50 micro g/ml) in 76% of the sera from neonates, while adults presented 199-532 microg/ml of C4 BP in their sera. The concentration of properdin in the sera from neonates and up to 1-year-old children was less than that observed in older children. Adults presented vitronectin levels significantly higher than all the other age groups in the study. No significant sex differences in the concentrations of all the studied regulatory proteins were detected. This study reveals the ontogeny of complement system in greater detail than previously available and may point to the reasons why neonates have higher susceptibility to develop life-threatening pyogenic infections. These reference values will be of use in clinical and laboratory investigations of disorders associated with low levels of these regulatory proteins.