RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between Haptoglobin (HP) gene polymorphisms with inflammatory status in obese subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 276 apparently healthy men and nonpregnant obese women were enrolled and allocated according to the HP genotype into the HP (1)/HP (1), HP (2)/HP (1), and HP (2)/HP (2) groups. Distribution of HP genotypes was 49, 87, and 140 for the HP (1)/HP (1), HP (2)/HP (1), and HP (2)/HP (2), respectively. The HP genotype was determined using the polymerase chain reaction method. A multiple linear regression analysis adjusted by age, sex, waist circumference, and total body fat was used to determine the association between HP genotypes with TNF- α , IL-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. RESULTS: A multiple linear regression analysis adjusted by sex, waist circumference, and total body fat was performed showing a significant association between the HP (2)/HP (2) genotype and TNF- α ( ß = 0.180; 95% CI 14.41-159.64, P = 0.01) and IL-6 ( ß = 0.188; 95% CI 1.53-12.72, P = 0.01) levels, but not with hsCRP ( ß = -0.008; 95% CI -1.64-1.47, P = 0.914) levels, whereas the HP (2)/HP (1) genotype showed no association compared with the HP (1)/HP (1) genotype (control group). CONCLUSION: Results of our study show that the HP (2)/HP (2) genotype is associated with elevated TNF- α and IL-6, but not with hsCRP, levels in obese subjects.
Assuntos
Haptoglobinas/genética , Interleucina-6/sangue , Obesidade/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Adiposidade/genética , Adulto , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Some Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of several candidate genes have been associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. As the genetic variability of such SNPs in Hispanic and Native American populations is scarce, we analyzed the three SNPs that have been related with bone mass disorders (Sp1, A163G, and BsmI) located in the genes of Type I Collagen (COL1A1), Osteoprotegerin (OPG), and Vitamin D receptor (VDR) in Mexican Mestizos (people resulting from post-Columbian admixture) and five Amerindian populations. METHODS: We genotyped these three SNPs by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in 523 individuals from five Mexican Amerindian groups (Nahua, Maya, Purépecha, Tarahumara, and Huichol) and 227 western Mestizos (Jalisco state). RESULTS: The modal allele was the same in all the six populations for Sp1-COL1A1 (S > 77%), A163G-OPG (A > 80%), and BsmI-VDR (b > 62%). Genotype distribution was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all SNPs/populations, excepting Sp1-COL1A1 in the Purépecha group and BsmI-VDR in Mestizo. In terms of the presumably Sp1-COL1A1 risk allele to low BMD (allele "s"), the Purépecha group showed the highest allele (23%) and homozygous (14.5%) frequencies. If the role of this allele as a genetic predisposing factor to low BMD were confirmed, this would mean increased susceptibility of Purépechas with regard to Europeans (14.5 vs. 6.8%). CONCLUSIONS: This finding presumably could influence the genetic susceptibility to low BMD in Purépechas. For the SNPs, BsmI-VDR and A163G-OPG, relative homogeneity was observed among the Mexican populations analyzed here.
Assuntos
Densidade Óssea , Colágeno Tipo I/genética , Osteoporose/genética , Osteoprotegerina/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Cadeia alfa 1 do Colágeno Tipo I , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Indígenas Norte-Americanos , México , Osteoporose/etiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de RestriçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There are no studies that elucidate whether the role of inflammation in the increase of urinary albumin is independent, mediated by family history or by risk factors acquired during life in the offspring of subjects with type 2 diabetes. We undertook this study to evaluate whether elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are independently associated with urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in the offspring of subjects with diabetic nephropathy. METHODS: A total of 64 healthy males and healthy nonpregnant females, offspring of subjects with diabetic nephropathy, aged 18-69 years, and with body mass index ≤35 kg/m(2) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Hypertension, glucose metabolic disorders, metabolic syndrome, smoking, alcohol intake, chronic or acute infections, renal disease, neoplasm, cardiovascular disease, degenerative disease, intake of anti-inflammatory drugs, exercise, or sexual intercourse in the previous 72 h were exclusion criteria. Subjects with high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) levels ≥3.0 mg/dL were compared with a gender- and age-matched control group of subjects with hsCRP levels <3.0 mg/dL. RESULTS: The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that hsCRP (B = 0.50, ß = 0.583, p = 0.02), total body fat (B = -2.80, ß = 0.473, p = 0.03), BMI (B = -1.45, ß = 0.390, p = 0.04) and waist circumference (B = 0.89, ß = 0.407, p = 0.04) are predictors for elevation of UACR (Table 2). However, in the stepwise model only hsCRP (B = 0.674; ß = 0.314; p = 0.04) remained significantly associated with UACR. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that independent of the primary risk factors, elevated hsCRP levels are associated with UACR.
Assuntos
Albuminúria/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Creatinina/urina , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Sinusoidal endothelial liver cells (SECs) have a key role in the pathophysiology of chronic liver disease. Leptin is an important profibrogenic and proinflammatory cytokine whose expression in sinusoidal endothelial liver has not been documented. The authors studied the potential of rat SECs to express the leptin and leptin receptor genes. Two cell lines of rat SECs were generated from a male rat liver by pronase-collagenase perfusion and dilution cloning. They were characterized according to morphology, ploidy, von Willebrand antigen immunoreactivity, CD31 transcription, matrix metalloproteinase secretion, and pseudocapillary formation. Expression of the leptin and leptin receptor genes was studied using qualitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Both cell lines fulfilled the accepted criteria for consideration as being derived from the liver sinusoidal endothelium. Confluent monolayers of both cell lines transcribed leptin and leptin receptor genes. This work demonstrated that SECs can transcribe the leptin gene in vitro, cotranscribing with the leptin receptor gene. Leptin production and signaling at this level could be of paramount importance in liver physiopathology; further studies of this issue are warranted because it represents a potential intervention point during chronic liver diseases.
Assuntos
Células Endoteliais/citologia , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Hepatócitos/citologia , Leptina/metabolismo , Animais , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Linhagem Celular , Células Clonais , Leptina/genética , Masculino , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/biossíntese , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/biossíntese , Molécula-1 de Adesão Celular Endotelial a Plaquetas/genética , Molécula-1 de Adesão Celular Endotelial a Plaquetas/metabolismo , Ploidias , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores para Leptina/genética , Receptores para Leptina/metabolismo , Fator de von Willebrand/imunologiaRESUMO
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality in the Republic of Mexico, and metabolic syndrome, a complex of CVD risk factors, is increasingly prevalent. To date, however, there have been few studies of the genetic epidemiology of metabolic syndrome in Mexico. As a first step in implementing the GEMM Family Study, a large, multicenter collaborative study, we recruited 375 individuals in 21 extended families, without ascertainment on disease, at 9 medical institutions across Mexico. Participants were measured for anthropometric (stature, weight, waist circumference) and hemodynamic (blood pressure, heart rate) phenotypes; glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured in fasting blood. Variance components-based quantitative genetic analyses were performed using SOLAR. All phenotypes except diastolic blood pressure were significantly heritable. Consistent with the definition of metabolic syndrome, many phenotypes exhibited significant environmental correlation, and significant genetic correlations were found between measures of adiposity and fasting glucose and fasting triglyceride levels. These preliminary data represent the first heritability estimates for many of these phenotypes in the Republic of Mexico and indicate that this study design offers excellent power for future gene discovery relative to metabolic disease.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/genética , Genética Populacional/métodos , Síndrome Metabólica/genética , Fenótipo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antropometria , Pressão Sanguínea/genética , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia de osteopenia y osteoporosis medida por absorciometría dual de rayos X en antebrazo en una muestra poblacional de mujeres de 50 y más años de edad oriundas de la ciudad de Durango, México. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, donde participaron 258 mujeres de 50 y más años de edad, seleccionadas de forma aleatoria en la zona urbana de la ciudad de Durango, Durango, México, en quienes se evaluó la densidad mineral ósea por absorciometría dual de rayos X en el tercio distal del antebrazo dominante. Resultados: En la muestra poblacional estudiada se encontró osteoporosis en 13.65% (IC 95% 9.6-18.5) y osteopenia en 30.12% (IC 95% 24.5-36.2). El criterio para establecer dichos diagnósticos se basó en la clasificación de acuerdo con los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. En relación con las características de las mujeres con osteoporosis incluidas en el estudio, el promedio de edad, peso, talla e índice de masa corporal fue de 65 años, 60.5 kg, 147.8 cm y 28.3 kg/m2, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La osteoporosis y la osteopenia en la muestra estudiada guardan una prevalencia relativamente alta en relación directa con la edad. Lo anterior extrapolado a la población sugiere la necesidad de adoptar medidas preventivas que abatan el problema, considerando particularmente el aumento en la expectativa de vida.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of osteopenia and osteporosis using distal forearm dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry among a random sample of women of 50 years or older living in the city of Durango, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 258 women participated in a cross-sectional study fielded at the Osteoporosis Clinic of Durango. Bone mineral density was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Scanning was performed on the distal third of the dominant forearm. Diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis was based on the WHO criteria. RESULTS: Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 13.65% (95%CI: 9.6-18.5) and osteopenia in 30.12% (95% CI: 24.5-36.2) of participants. Mean age, weight, height and body mass index were 65 years, 60.5 kg, 147.8 cm and 28.3 kg/m2 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Osteoporosis and osteopenia were a common diagnosis given the mean age of our sample. These results can be extrapolated to the general population thereby suggesting the need for preventive measures to decrease disease prevalence, especially considering the increase in life expectancy.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/diagnóstico , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Osteoporose/diagnóstico , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Absorciometria de Fóton , Estudos Transversais , México , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a key transcription factor for adipocyte differentiation. Preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes from precursors in blood vessels is an important issue related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; however, it has been poorly studied because of lack of experimental models. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of primary outgrowths derived from rat aortic rings as a model for studying the preadipocyte differentiation from aortic precursors induced by thiazolidinediones, which are exogenous ligands for PPARgamma. Cell outgrowths derived from rat aortic rings were cultured and incubated with rosiglitazone at 1-1,000 nM; presence of lipid droplets was evaluated by oil red O staining. Rosiglitazone at 100 nM exerted a clear adipogenic effect inferred from the cells filled with fine and medium size lipidic droplets; this effect was extreme at 1,000 nM with cells showing lipidic macrodroplets. These results showed that cultures derived from aortic rings are a useful model for studying arterial preadipocyte differentiation.
Assuntos
Adipócitos/citologia , Adipócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Aorta/citologia , Aorta/efeitos dos fármacos , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiazolidinedionas/farmacologia , Animais , Compostos Azo , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , PPAR gama/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , RosiglitazonaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of osteopenia and osteporosis using distal forearm dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry among a random sample of women of 50 years or older living in the city of Durango, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 258 women participated in a cross-sectional study fielded at the Osteoporosis Clinic of Durango. Bone mineral density was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Scanning was performed on the distal third of the dominant forearm. Diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis was based on the WHO criteria. RESULTS: Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 13.65% (95%CI: 9.6-18.5) and osteopenia in 30.12% (95% CI: 24.5-36.2) of participants. Mean age, weight, height and body mass index were 65 years, 60.5 kg, 147.8 cm and 28.3 kg/m2 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Osteoporosis and osteopenia were a common diagnosis given the mean age of our sample. These results can be extrapolated to the general population thereby suggesting the need for preventive measures to decrease disease prevalence, especially considering the increase in life expectancy.
Assuntos
Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/diagnóstico , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Osteoporose/diagnóstico , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Absorciometria de Fóton , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PrevalênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is a condition that favors oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress is involved in the etiopathogenesis of disorders of pregnancy such as pre-eclampsia. An antioxidant effect of estrogens has been described and a putative role of them as antioxidants has been proposed. The aim of this work was to evaluate in vitro the antioxidant properties of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estradiol, estriol, progesterone, and testosterone, five steroid hormones present in the maternofetal circulation. METHODS: The antioxidant properties of the hormones were evaluated by two methods: 1. their antioxidant effect on the auto-oxidation of linoleic acid, a hydrogen atom transfer reaction; 2. diphenylpicrylhydrazyl-scavenging capacity, a single electron transfer reaction. RESULTS: Of the five hormones tested, only estradiol and estriol at 10 microM concentration exerted a strong antioxidant effect of 81.73 and 70.97% respectively on linoleic acid auto-oxidation, at the end-point of the reaction. Likewise, only these two hormones showed radical-scavenging activity on diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, noticeable only at supraphysiological concentrations of 1 mM. CONCLUSIONS: Estradiol and estriol could play a role as antioxidants for maternofetal autoprotection in addition to their hormonal activity, but this role could be preferentially exerted by estriol due to its higher concentrations exhibited during pregnancy. In vivo studies are necessary to shed light on this issue.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Ácido Linoleico/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez/sangue , Adulto , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/metabolismo , Sulfato de Desidroepiandrosterona/metabolismo , Sulfato de Desidroepiandrosterona/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Estradiol/metabolismo , Estradiol/farmacologia , Estriol/metabolismo , Estriol/farmacologia , Estrogênios/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrazinas/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo , Picratos , Progesterona/metabolismo , Progesterona/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Testosterona/metabolismo , Testosterona/farmacologiaRESUMO
In this report, we show how the in vitro model of mechanically injured confluent monolayers of cultured mammalian cells, consisting in denudation by gentle scraping of areas in the monolayer, can be extended to obtain patterned cell cultures without using preadded attaching matrices. This work was done with a sinusoidal endothelial liver cell line. Patterns for cell growth were drawn in confluent monolayers by cell detaching with the aid of pipette tips followed by reincubation of the culture. In one or some d, acellular patterns were closed by cell migration and proliferation. For unveiling the pattern formed by migration and cell duplication, an enzymatic digestion with trypsin-collagenase solution was applied; after some min, only the migrating and younger cells filling the previous acellular pattern remained attached to the dish, and the now cellular pattern was clearly depicted. After stopping and recovering from the enzymatic treatment, the culture was ready for starting studies such as those related to migration, proliferation, cell-cell interactions. This method allows us to create simple and complex patterns, does not require preparation of the dishes with attaching matrices, and extracellular matrices in acellular areas are absent because of the enzymatic treatment, thus, potentially having many applications in cell culture techniques.