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En la actualidad las investigaciones entorno a la calidad de vida desde la salud, son de vital importancia a nivel mundial, puesto que la identificación de los factores que desencadenan ciertas patologías prevalentes sirven para actuar y mejorar las condiciones de vida; en específico en este trabajo nos referiremos al grupo infantil y la parasitosis pediátrica, la misma que genera índices de anemia, peso bajo, entre otros. El propósito fue identificar la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en escolares de 6 a 12 años en poblaciones rurales, de la ciudad de Paute, Ecuador. Se realizó una investigación de tipo cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal, se trabajó con 608 niños pertenecientes a zonas rurales de Paute, el análisis coprológico fue mediante el método convencional, se reportó número de parásitos por campo. Esta investigación fue desarrollada bajo el permiso de un Comité de Bioética. Se analizaron 608 muestras coproparasitarias, obteniéndose una significancia estadística con respecto al sexo, los varones presentaron una prevalencia de parasitismo (14,63%) sobre las mujeres (8,88%), el parásito con mayor prevalencia es la Entamoeba histolytica. La prevalencia de parasitosis infantil en el sector rural de Paute, Ecuador es de 23,52%, siendo mayor en varones, el parásito más frecuente es la E. histolytica(AU)

Currently, the research about life's quality from a health's point of view has received tremendous attention around the world, because the identification of the facts that start a variety of prevalent pathologies are being used to improve life conditions. In this work we try the child group and its pediatric parasitosis, that produce anemia, low weight, and others. The purpose was to recognize the prevalence of intestinal parasites in scholar children from 6 to 12 years old in marginal populations of the city Paute, Ecuador. A quantity type of investigation was made, descriptive and transversal, using a population of 608 children from the rural population of Paute, the coprological analysis was using conventional methods, number of parasites were reported. This research was developed under the permission of the Bioethics Committee. 608 coproparasites samples were analyzed, getting a significative statistic in reference to sex. Boy's samples show a prevalence of parasitism (14,63%) in girls' samples (8,88%), the more prevalent parasite is Entamoeba Histolytica. The prevalence of children's parasitosis in the rural sector of Paute, Ecuador is 23,52% being more affected boys than girls. The most frequent parasite is E. Histolytica(AU)

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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic, immune-mediated disease described in case series and publications worldwide. Over the past twenty years, the authors of different studies have attempted to evaluate its incidence and prevalence. The objetive of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in a group of children seen at 36 pediatric gastroenterology centers in ten Latin American countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted that estimated the period prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in children seen at outpatient consultation and that underwent diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for any indication at 36 centers in 10 Latin American countries, within a 3-month time frame. RESULTS: Between April and June 2016, 108 cases of eosinophilic esophagitis were evaluated. Likewise, an average of 29,253 outpatient consultations and 4,152 diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopies were carried out at the 36 participating centers. The period prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in the population studied (n=29,253) was 3.69 cases×1,000 (95% CI: 3.04 to 4.44), and among the children that underwent routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (n=4,152), it was 26x1,000 (95% CI: 22.6 to 29.4). CONCLUSIONS: The general period prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in a group of children evaluated at 36 Latin American pediatric gastroenterology centers was 3.69×1,000, and in the children that underwent endoscopy, it was 26×1,000. There was important prevalence variability between the participating countries and centers. The present analysis is the first study conducted on the prevalence of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis in Latin America.

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ANTECEDENTES La velocidad de la marcha es una medida rápida, económica y precisa para evaluar la capacidad funcional de las personas mayores, tanto saludables como con diferentes comorbilidades. Estudios previos han evaluado la velocidad de la marcha medida a lo largo de cursos de diferentes distancias, pero las fases no cronometradas no se miden de manera uniforme y se desconoce si esto afecta los resultados de la prueba. OBJETIVO El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la confiabilidad de la prueba de velocidad de marcha de diferentes fases cronometradas e iguales fases no cronometradas. MÉTODOS Estudio de confiabilidad descriptivo, con diseño observacional analítico y de corte transversal. Se incluyeron 136 personas mayores. Se realizaron pruebas de 4 y 10 metros, con 2 metros para la fase de aceleración/desaceleración de ambas. El promedio de dos intentos se obtuvo como la medida final de cada prueba. Los resultados se obtuvieron mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) con un modelo de efectos fijos y el método Bland y Altman (con un intervalo de confianza del 95%). Se complementaron con los valores de error estándar de la media y del cambio mínimo detectable (CMD95). RESULTADOS Los resultados indican un excelente nivel de acuerdo entre los intentos de las pruebas de 4 y 10 metros (CCI = 0,959 y 0,976, respectivamente), así como entre el promedio de las dos pruebas (CCI = 0,867). Destaca un nivel de acuerdo ligeramente mejor entre los dos intentos de la prueba de 10 metros. Por lo tanto, el número de intentos no es capaz de afectar los resultados de la velocidad de la marcha; sin embargo, se requieren análisis adicionales para concluir lo mismo con respecto a la distancia de la prueba. La diferencia del análisis Bland Altman para el promedio de las pruebas de 4 y 10 metros fue 1,5945 m/s (intervalo de confianza 95%: 0,9759 a 2,2130 m/s), siendo demasiado grande y más alto que el valor CMD95. CONCLUSIONES El CCI fue excelente en todos los casos, pero se requiere un análisis adicional para concluir lo mismo con respecto a la distancia de la prueba. Existe un acuerdo insuficiente entre las dos pruebas para permitir que se utilicen indistintamente en poblaciones con las características de este estudio.

BACKGROUND Gait speed is a fast, low cost and accurate measurement for evaluating older persons' functional ability, both health and with comorbidities. Previous studies have evaluated gait speed measured over courses of varying distances, but the non-timed phases are not measured uniformly. It is unknown if this affects the results of the test. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the reliability of the running speed test of two different timed phases compared to the same nontimed phases. METHODS We conducted a descriptive reliability study, with an observational and cross-sectional analytical design. One hundred thirty-six older persons were included. Two gait speed tests were taken, one of 4 and 10 meters, and 2 meters for the acceleration/deceleration phase for both tests. The average of two attempts was obtained as a final measure of each test. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to express the results (ICC) with a fixed effects model and the Bland and Altman method (confidence interval of 95%), complemented with the standard error of the mean and minimal detectable change with 95% confidence values (MDC95). RESULTS The results indicate an excellent level of agreement between the attempts of the tests of 4- and 10-m (ICC = 0.959 and 0.976, respectively), as well as between the average of the two tests (ICC = 0.867). The agreement was slightly better between the two attempts in the 10-meter test. The number of attempts does not affect the results of gait speed. Further analysis is required to conclude the same regarding the distance of the test (4 and 10 meters). The difference in the results of the Bland Altman analysis for the average of the 4 and 10-meter tests was 1.5945 m/s (95% confidence interval: 0.9759 to 2.2130 m/s), which is too wide and higher than the MDC95 value. CONCLUSIONS The ICC value was excellent in all cases, and the number of attempts does not affect the results of gait speed. However, further analysis is required to conclude the same regarding the distance of the test. There is an insufficient agreement between the two tests to allow them to be used interchangeably in populations with the characteristics of this study.

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Urinary tract infection (UTI), including bacteriuria, cystitis, and pyelonephritis, is the most common infectious complication after kidney transplantation (KTx). Over the past few years, many medical groups assumed this pathological process to be a "benign" disease in kidney transplant recipients (KTxR). However, increased medical and scientific advances in knowledge and management of KTx complications have raised questions about UTI as a pathological process that decreases and worsens kidney allograft function and survival. This review sought to clarify diagnostic criteria, as well as to describe factors associated with UTI in KTxR that expose its effects on the allograft. We sought to show the uncertainty of important topics within the field of UTI among kidney allograft recipients and to propose a practical clinical approach to KTxRs with UTI.

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Recent preclinical evidence substantially supports the successful combination of chemotherapies and active immunotherapy for cancer treatment. These data sustain the effect of sequential combination schemes (vaccine plus chemotherapy or vice versa), which could be difficult to implement in clinical practice. Since chemotherapy is the standard treatment for most cancers, ethical issues forbid its delay and make difficult the evaluation of other treatments such as using an immunotherapeutic agent. Besides, vaccines must be applied as soon as possible to advanced cancer patients, in order to give them time to develop an effective immune response. Thus, a clinically attractive scenario is the concomitant application of treatments. However, little is known about the specific effect of different chemotherapeutic agents when combined with a cancer vaccine in such concomitant treatment. In this work, we analyze the influence of high-dose carboplatin or paclitaxel in the generation of a specific immune response when administered concomitantly with an OVA vaccine. Interestingly, neither carboplatin nor paclitaxel affects the humoral and CTL in vivo response generated by the vaccine. Moreover, an enhancement of the overall anti-tumor effect was observed in animals treated with OVA/CF vaccine combined with cytotoxic drugs. Moreover, the effect of the concomitant treatment was tested using a tumor-related antigen, the epidermal growth factor (EGF). Animals administered with EGF-P64k/Montanide and cytotoxic agents showed an antibody response similar to that from control animals. Therefore, our study suggests that carboplatin and paclitaxel can be concomitantly combined with active immunotherapies in the clinical practice of advanced cancer patients.

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BACKGROUND: The place of death has changed and coverage of medical attention at death varies according to the development level of countries. AIM: To assess the evolution of coverage of medical attention of the last disease and place of death as indicators of health care quality and development level, in the sixth region of Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed the Chilean death certificate data bases for the period 1990--2003. We performed linear regression analysis of death year with place of death and medical attention at death, comparing the sixth region and the rest of Chile. RESULTS: The population under study corresponds to 1,102,896 death records, from 1990 to 2003. Proportion of deaths at home decreased in sixth region and increased in the rest of our country. Deaths at home for individuals under 15 years of age, decreased. Deaths in places different from home or hospital increased progressively in elderly people. The same happened among adolescents, probably related to the high proportion of deaths due to trauma. CONCLUSIONS: Coverage of attention of diseases that cause death improved. Place of death varies according to age. There is a remarkable increase in the access of children to hospitals, for the treatment of severe diseases. These results indicate that Chilean healthcare system quality has improved.

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Background: The place of death has changed and coverage of medical attention at death varies according to the development level of countries. Aim: To assess the evolution of coverage of medical attention of the last disease and place of death as indicators of health care quality and development level, in the sixth region of Chile. Material and methods: We analyzed the Chilean death certificate data bases for the period 1990-2003. We performed linear regression analysis of death year with place of death and medical attention at death, comparing the sixth region and the rest of Chile. Results: The population under study corresponds to 1,102,896 death records, from 1990 to 2003. Proportion of deaths at home decreased in sixth region and increased in the rest of our country. Deaths at home for individuals under 15 years of age, decreased. Deaths in places different from home or hospital increased progressively in elderly people. The same happened among adolescents, probably related to the high proportion of deaths due to trauma. Conclusions: Coverage of attention of diseases that cause death improved. Place of death varies according to age. There is a remarkable increase in the access of children to hospitals, for the treatment of severe diseases. These results indicate that Chilean healthcare system quality has improved.

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Las enfermedades respiratorias, la causa más frecuente de hospitalización durante la infancia, demandan gran cantidad de recursos y representan una causa frecuente de muerte. Propósito del presente trabajo: evaluar la eficiencia de la gestión clínica y del uso de recursos. Material y método: analizar la base de datos de los egresos del sistema de salud chileno, tanto público y como privado, comparando las edades de los pacientes, la letalidad y la duración de la estadía intrahospitalaria. Resultados: la población estudiada estuvo compuesta por 67.174 egresos con edades de 1 mes y 15 años. Se encontraron diferencias dependiendo del tipo de hospital, de la previsión y de la ubicación geográfica de la atención. Los hallazgos principales fueron: -los hospitales públicos tienen estadías más prolongadas, -la Región Metropolitana tiene un exceso de hospitalización y –los establecimientos más complejos muestran estadías mayores y letalidad elevada. Conclusión: las diferencias observadas permiten aseverar que es posible mejorar la eficiencia y los resultados alcanzados, optimizando el uso de los recursos.

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Presentamos la experiencia y evolución del parto instrumentado en nuestro Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, en los últimos once años 1992-2002. La evidencia demostró que respecto de las lesiones maternas y fetales, las Espátulas (ET), o instrumento no articulado de la clasificación general de los fórceps (F), son significativamente menores cuando se las compara con el fórceps articulado y fenestrado de Kjelland o Kielland (FK), por lo que se sugiere su conocimiento y adiestramiento en los Servicios de la especialidad, y cambiar el concepto de la presa del cráneo-fetal o biparieto malar por la toma libre facio malar.

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