RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Choroid plexus papilloma is a rare intracranial neoplasm derived from choroid plexus epithelium accounting for less than 1 % of all brain tumors. These tumors are highly vascularized, and tumor resection is difficult, especially in small children, due to severe intraoperative bleeding. Preoperative embolization is helpful to reduce intraoperative bleeding, but it may not be possible in small children or if the tumor has no suitable feeding vessels for embolization. METHODS: We present the case of a 2-year-old girl with a giant choroid plexus papilloma. An attempt of tumor resection was previously performed in another clinic, but the surgery was aborted due to massive intraoperative bleeding and only a biopsy was done. Angiography showed no suitable vessels for embolization. A new attempt of tumor removal was carried out, but again, severe intraoperative bleeding occurred and only a partial resection was possible. Intratumoral embolization with onyx through direct percutaneous puncture was performed. RESULTS: Radical tumor removal was possible after two additional surgeries. Intraoperative blood loss was 345 ml (first surgery = only partial removal), 250 ml (second procedure = 1/3 of tumor volume resected), and 250 ml (third surgery = total removal). The patient presented no additional deficits. CONCLUSIONS: Intratumoral percutaneous embolization with onyx was very helpful in reducing intraoperative bleeding in this case. Safe radical tumor resection was possible. This technique may be useful for those surgeons dealing with highly vascularized tumors, especially in small children. No report of intratumoral embolization with onyx in cases of intracerebral tumors could be found in the literature.
Assuntos
Dimetil Sulfóxido/uso terapêutico , Embolização Terapêutica/instrumentação , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Papiloma do Plexo Corióideo/cirurgia , Polivinil/uso terapêutico , Angiografia Digital , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Gadolínio DTPA/metabolismo , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Papiloma do Plexo Corióideo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The suboccipital lateral or retrosigmoid approach is the main neurosurgical approach to the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). It is mainly used in the treatment of CPA tumors and vascular decompression of cranial nerves. A prospective study using navigation registered with anatomical landmarks in order to identify the transverse and sigmoid sinuses junction (TSSJ) was carried out in a series of 30 retrosigmoid craniotomies. The goal of this study was to determine the accuracy of this navigation technique and to establish the relationship between the location of the asterion and the TSSJ. METHODS: From March through November 2008, 30 patients underwent a retrosigmoid craniotomy for removal of CPA tumors or for surgical treatment of neurovascular syndromes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 sequences with gadolinium (FSPGR with FatSst, 1.5 T GE Signa) and frameless navigation (Vector vision, Brainlab) were used for surgical planning. Registration was performed using six anatomical landmarks. The position of the TSSJ indicated by navigation was the landmark to guide the craniotomy. The location of the asterion was compared with the position of the TSSJ. After craniotomy, the real TSSJ position was compared with the virtual position, as demonstrated by navigation. RESULTS: There were 19 cases of vestibular schwannomas, 5 petroclival meningiomas, 3 trigeminal neuralgias, 1 angioblastoma, 1 epidermoid cyst and 1 hemifacial spasm. In all cases, navigation enabled the location of the TSSJ and the emissary vein, with an accuracy flaw below 2 mm. The asterion was located directly over the TSSJ in only seven cases. One patient had a laceration of the sigmoid sinus during the craniotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Navigation using anatomical landmarks for registration is a reliable method in the localization of the TSSJ for retrosigmoid craniotomies and thereby avoiding unnecessary sinus exposure. In addition, the method proved to be fast and accurate. The asterion was found to be a less accurate landmark for the localization of the TSSJ using navigation.
Assuntos
Ângulo Cerebelopontino/cirurgia , Craniotomia/métodos , Neuronavegação/métodos , Osso Occipital/cirurgia , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Ângulo Cerebelopontino/anatomia & histologia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/cirurgia , Fossa Craniana Posterior/anatomia & histologia , Fossa Craniana Posterior/irrigação sanguínea , Fossa Craniana Posterior/cirurgia , Neoplasias dos Nervos Cranianos/cirurgia , Cavidades Cranianas/anatomia & histologia , Cavidades Cranianas/cirurgia , Craniotomia/instrumentação , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuronavegação/instrumentação , Osso Occipital/anatomia & histologia , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/instrumentação , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/instrumentação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECT: The authors provide a detailed review of the surgical management of trigeminal schwannomas (TSs) and also discuss the best surgical approach based on the surgical anatomy and tumor extension. METHODS: A series of 17 patients with TSs who were surgically treated between 1987 and 2008 at the authors' institution is reported. The lesions were small (< 3 cm) in 2, medium (between 3 and 4 cm) in 5, large (> 4 cm) in 6, and giant (> 5 cm) in 4 cases. Preoperative symptoms included trigeminal hypesthesia (53%), facial pain (53%), headaches (35.3%), hearing impairment (17.6%), seizures (17.6%), diplopia (11.8%), ataxia (11.8%), and hemiparesis and increased intracranial pressure with papilledema (5.9%). The mean follow-up duration was 10.5 years (121.6 months), with an average of 0.8 patients per year. RESULTS: Total tumor excision was possible in 16 patients, with no surgery-related deaths. Postoperative trigeminal anesthesia was observed in 7; trigeminal motor function was preserved in 7. Two developed cerebrospinal fluid leakage, 2 presented with mild facial palsy, and 1 patient with neurofibromatosis Type 2 had recurrence of the tumor, which was uneventfully removed. Of the 9 who reported facial pain, only 1 remained symptomatic postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The best treatment for TSs is complete microsurgical removal. Postoperative preservation of trigeminal nerve function is possible when resection of the lesion is performed at well-established skull base neurosurgical centers. Although good results have been reported with radiosurgery, no cure can be obtained with this therapeutic modality. Instead, this treatment should be reserved only for nonresectable and residual tumors within the cavernous sinus.