Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Enterococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Resistência a Vancomicina , Vancomicina/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , MéxicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Iodine nutrition during pregnancy has become an important public health concern because of the deleterious impact of iodine deficiency on brain development during fetal and early postnatal life. Iodine nutrition status can be assessed in a population by the median urinary iodine concentration (UIC). World Health Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund, and the International Council for Iodine Deficiency Disorders have established that a median of UIC between 150 and 249 µg/L in pregnant women indicates an adequate iodine intake. The aim of this study was to assess iodine nutrition status in Mexican pregnant women. METHODS: Two hundred ninety-four pregnant women receiving prenatal care in the Public Medical Units of the State Ministry of Health for each pregnancy trimester (first, n=60; second, n=103; and third, n=131) in Queretaro, Mexico, were enrolled to assess UIC by the Sandell-Kholtoff method. RESULTS: The median of UIC was 273, 285, and 231 µg/L in the first, second, and third trimesters of gestation, respectively. Globally, the median (range) of UIC was 260 (5-1320) µg/L, and the percentage of samples with UIC below 150 µg/L was 28%. There was no significant difference between the UIC of women using iodine-containing multivitamins compared with those who reported the consumption of noniodized multivitamins (p>0.05). In addition, we found no difference between the UIC of women using iodized table salt compared with those who employed noniodized table salt, with those who did not know whether their table salt was iodized (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the median UIC, iodine intake in Queretaro, Mexico, is slightly above requirements during the first two trimesters, and adequate in the third trimester. The wide Mexican universal iodized salt program seems to supply adequate dietary iodine to pregnant women without health insurance in this region. However, regular monitoring of iodine status is recommended during pregnancy throughout Mexico.
Assuntos
Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Alimentos Fortificados , Iodo/administração & dosagem , Estado Nutricional , Complicações na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Pré-Natal , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/urina , Feminino , Humanos , Iodo/deficiência , Iodo/urina , Modelos Logísticos , México , Política Nutricional , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/etiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/urina , Trimestres da Gravidez/urina , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Enterococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Resistência a Vancomicina , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Microbiologia Ambiental , Hospitais , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/métodos , México/epidemiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , PrevalênciaRESUMO
AIM: Determine what the relationship between participation in classroom of students attending courses at the Educational Research and Teacher Education (CIEFD's) and the development of proficiency in critical reading of theoretical texts in education. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Intervention study, multicenter students (medical specialist) level Diploma in teaching methodology (DMDN) 1 and 2 (n=46 n=29) of the six CIEFD's (DF Siglo XXI, Mexico City La Raza, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, Puebla and Veracruz), period: March to August 2007 and a Masters in education (n=9, generation 2007-2008). Two instruments were constructed that evaluated the participation variables and critical reading of theoretical texts in education, conceptual validity; content and reliability were assessed by experts in education research. The educational intervention was in the form of seminars (three times a week in DMDN 1 and twice weekly in DMDN 2 and Masters). Participation was assessed halfway through the course and on completion, critical reading at the beginning as well as the end. RESULTS: Statistically significant associations were observed in DMDN 1 (four Centers) and the Masters, but not DMDN 2. DISCUSSION: In this investigation some of the theoretical proposals of the participatory education were recreated, starting from the analysis of our results. CONCLUSION: In some centers and in the masters, strengthening participation in this educational intervention is related to the development of critical reading of theoretical texts in education.
Assuntos
Participação da Comunidade , Educação de Pós-Graduação/métodos , Docentes de Medicina , Leitura , Ensino , Compreensão , Avaliação Educacional , Humanos , México , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es una enfermedad metabólica multifactorial en la que los mecanismos inmunológicos juegan un papel fundamental. Una vez desarrollada la enfermedad, los pacientes son dependientes de la administración exógena de insulina. Actualmente, el campo de la investigación experimental ha identificado una población pancreática con características de células madre. Esta población de células positivas a nestina, se expresa bajo ciertas condiciones especiales y abre la posibilidad de desarrollar técnicas para la obtención de nuevas células β que pudieran regenerar el tejido dañado. Este trabajo es una revisión acerca del desarrollo embrionario del páncreas, las células madre pancreáticas embrionarias, los modelos actuales de lesión para la inducción de la expresión de células madre en páncreas adultos, el papel de los radicales libres sobre la expresión de nuevas células madre y las terapias experimentales actuales para mejorar la expresión de estas células.
Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a multifactorial metabolic disease in which immunological mechanisms play an essential role. Once the disease is fully established, affected individuals are dependent upon exogenous insulin administration. Current research has identified a pancreatic population resembling stem cells features. This population of nestin-positive cells is activated under specific circumstances and opens the possibility of developing procedures for obtaining new β cells for the regeneration of the pancreatic islets. In this work we review the embryonic development of pancreas, pancreatic stem cells, the current models for the induction of stem cells in adult pancreas, the role of free radicals on the induction of new stem cells, and the current therapeutic procedures to improve the expression of these cells.