RESUMO
The evolutionary significant units (ESUs) of the salamander Pachyhynobius shangchengensis (Hynobiidae) in the Dabieshan mountains, southeastern China, were identified based on mitochondrial DNA data. We used methods for detecting cryptic species, such as the minimum spanning tree, the automatic barcode gap discovery, and the generalized mixed Yule-coalescent model; geographical partitioning was also used to identify the ESUs. A total of four ESUs were identified.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial , Evolução Molecular , Urodelos/genética , Animais , Evolução Biológica , China , Genes Mitocondriais , Haplótipos , Filogenia , Filogeografia , Urodelos/classificaçãoRESUMO
Population genetic structure and demographic history of the ground beetle Chlaenius costiger (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Tsinling-Dabashan Mountains of central China were estimated using mitochondrial DNA sequences (Cox1-tRNALeu-Cox2) of 144 individuals from 16 local populations. The high haplotype diversity was accompanied by low nucleotide diversity. Phylogenetic analysis (Bayesian inference) of the 43 haplotypes revealed no phylogeographic structure. Analysis of molecular variance suggested that most of the variation was attributed to within population variation (79.26%). Mantel test results showed a significant correlation between the genetic distance and geographical distance of the populations with a correlation coefficient equal to 0.216964 (P = 0.0471 < 0.05), indicating the presence of isolation by distance. Spatial AMOVA and PERMUT analyses showed no phylogeographic structure. Gene flow calculated through the number of migrants was high between many pairs of populations. The results of a neutrality test, mismatch distribution analyses, and Bayesian skyline plot analysis together showed a demographic expansion. The estimated expansion time of the whole sampled population was 0.125 million years. The complex topography in the Tsinling-Dabashan Mountains area led to the high level of genetic diversity, and migratory flight resulted in the high level of gene flow, leading to the lack of a phylogeographic structure.
Assuntos
Besouros/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Variação Genética , Haplótipos , Altitude , Análise de Variância , Migração Animal , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , China , DNA Mitocondrial/classificação , Voo Animal , Fluxo Gênico , Genética Populacional , Geografia , Filogenia , Filogeografia , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
The genetic diversity and historical demography of the narrow-range endemic Alpine toad, Scutiger liupanensis, in the Liupanshan National Forest Park of central China were estimated using cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from 85 individuals from five local populations. Both the haplotype diversity (Hd) and the nucleotide diversity (Pi) were very high. Phylogenetic analysis of the 63 haplotypes revealed two major clades, and an analysis of molecular variance attributed most of the variation to within populations. Mantel tests did not reveal an isolation by distance pattern of genetic divergence between populations, and SAMOVA showed no phylogeographic structure. The results of neutrality tests, mismatch distribution analyses, and allelic frequency spectra suggest that a sudden demographic expansion occurred, and that high genetic variation is beneficial to the survival and development of this species.
Assuntos
Citocromos b/genética , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Variação Genética , Filogeografia , Animais , Anuros/genética , China , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Genética Populacional , Haplótipos , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Hu sheep is one of the most important species in China; it is also listed as one of the 78 nationally protected domestic animals by the Chinese government in 2000. The construction of cDNA expression library of Hu sheep is of great significance for protecting individual genomes, generating transgenic sheep, and conducting clinical research using cDNA from Hu sheep. In this study, the total RNA from the ear tissue of Hu sheep was extracted, and a cDNA expression library was constructed using the SMART(TM) technique. The titer of amplified cDNA library was 1.09 x 10(10) PFU/mL, the rate of recombination was above 91.6%, and the average size of fragments was 1.1 kb. This study has an important significance for the preservation of Hu sheep resources at the genome level.
Assuntos
DNA Complementar/genética , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Biblioteca Gênica , Ovinos/genética , Animais , China , Clonagem Molecular , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , RNA/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a temporary ureteral catheter in preventing iatrogenic ureteral damage in cervical cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy. All cases had confirmed diagnoses of cervical cancer preoperatively between December 2008 and December 2012 in our hospital and were in clinical stages IA2 to IIA. In total, 176 laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy procedures were performed. The 176 cases were divided into two groups: ureteral catheters were installed using cystoscopy before the operation in 86 patients (group A), and ureteral catheters were not placed in 90 patients (group B). These cases were retrospectively analyzed based on postoperative hospitalization time and intraoperative and postoperative complications. A total of 6 cases (3.41%) had ureteral injuries, and 4 of the cases (4.65%) of ureteral injuries occurred in group A. In two of these cases, urinary leaking appeared at the post-operative 8th and 9th days and at the 10th and 25th days, respectively. There were 2 cases (2.22%) of ureteral injuries in group B: 1 case of intraoperative direct injury and the other of urinary leaking, which appeared at post-operative day 21. Statistically significant differences between the two groups were observed in operating time and the incidence of hemorrhage, hematuria (including microscopic hematuria), post-operative urinary tract infection, and pain (P < 0.05). A ureteral catheter that is placed preoperatively can help to identify the ureter in laparoscopic radical hysterectomy, but does not decrease the incidence of ureteral injury.
Assuntos
Histerectomia Vaginal/instrumentação , Laparoscopia/instrumentação , Neoplasias Ureterais/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Cistoscopia/instrumentação , Cistoscopia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Histerectomia Vaginal/métodos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Ureterais/patologiaRESUMO
Marsdenia tenacissima extract (MTE) is a new plate-derived biotechnology product that is frequently used, but occasionally reported, in the field of chemotherapy. In this study, we assessed the antitumor activity and related mechanisms of MTE by various biotechnological methods. The survival rates of MG63 osteosarcoma cells treated with MTE and doxorubicin were measured, individually or jointly, and the changes in cellular shape, apoptotic rates, and Fas expression were observed. The results indicated that combination of MTE and doxorubicin up-regulated Fas expression and induced apoptosis. The survival rate of combined application of 50 mg/mL MTE and 1 µg/mL doxorubicin was significantly lower than that of the individual application (P < 0.01). Other biotechnology methods also showed an apoptosis-inducing effect of combined application that was much stronger than individual application. All of these results suggested that MTE may promote the effects of doxorubicin chemotherapy, perhaps related to the up-regulation of Fas expression in tumor cells.
Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Marsdenia/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , HumanosRESUMO
The Swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus (Portunidae) is an important economically food species. To provide molecular markers for P. trituberculatus, we isolated and characterized polymorphic microsatellite markers. We developed a 5'-anchored genomic library of P. trituberculatus DNA, and derived 45 positive clones. We designed 30 pairs of primers from the sequences of these clones, and 10 of which were polymorphic. The loci were screened in 31 P. trituberculatus individuals; the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 5. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.20 to 0.49 and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.50 to 0.78. The polymorphism information content per locus ranged from 0.37 to 0.75. These polymorphic microsatellite markers may provide some useful information for the population genetic studies of swimming crab and other Portunus species.
Assuntos
Braquiúros/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Polimorfismo Genético , Alelos , Animais , Marcadores Genéticos , Biblioteca Genômica , HeterozigotoRESUMO
Body weight and abdominal fat traits in meat-type chickens are complex and economically important factors. Our objective was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for body weight and abdominal fat traits in broiler chickens. The Northeast Agricultural University Resource Population (NEAURP) is a cross between broiler sires and Baier layer dams. We measured body weight and abdominal fat traits in the F(2) population. A total of 362 F(2) individuals derived from four F(1) families and their parents and F(0) birds were genotyped using 29 fluorescent microsatellite markers located on chromosomes 3, 5 and 7. Linkage maps for the three chromosomes were constructed and interval mapping was performed to identify putative QTLs. Nine QTL for body weight were identified at the 5% genome-wide level, while 15 QTL were identified at the 5% chromosome-wide level. Phenotypic variance explained by these QTL varied from 2.95 to 6.03%. In particular, a QTL region spanning 31 cM, associated with body weight at 1 to 12 weeks of age and carcass weight at 12 weeks of age, was first identified on chromosome 5. Three QTLs for the abdominal fat traits were identified at the 5% chromosome-wide level. These QTLs explained 3.42 to 3.59% of the phenotypic variance. This information will help direct prospective fine mapping studies and can facilitate the identification of underlying genes and causal mutations for body weight and abdominal fat traits.
Assuntos
Gordura Abdominal , Peso Corporal/genética , Galinhas/genética , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Animais , Ligação Genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Repetições de Microssatélites/genéticaRESUMO
Assay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract of the twigs and leaves of Miconia myriantha yielded two new compounds, mattucinol-7-O-[4' ',6' '-O-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and mattucinol-7-O-[4' ',6' '-di-O-galloyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), along with mattucinol-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), ellagic acid (4), 3,3'-di-O-methyl ellagic acid-4-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside, and gallic acid. Complete (1)H and (13)C NMR assignments of compound 1, which possesses a hexahydroxydiphenoyl unit, were achieved using the HMBC technique optimized for small couplings to enhance the four-bond and two-bond H/C correlations. Compounds 1 and 4 showed inhibitory effects against Candida albicans secreted aspartic proteases, with IC(50) of 8.4 and 10.5 microM, respectively.
Assuntos
Glucosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Magnoliopsida/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Inibidores de Proteases/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/enzimologia , Candida albicans/metabolismo , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Dicroísmo Circular , Ácido Elágico/química , Ácido Elágico/farmacologia , Ácido Gálico/química , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Glucosídeos/química , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectrometria de Massas , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Pepsina A/antagonistas & inibidores , Peru , Folhas de Planta/química , Inibidores de Proteases/química , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Bioassay-guided fractionation of Machaerium multiflorum yielded the hitherto unreported (+)-trans-hexahydrodibenzopyrans machaeriol A (1) and machaeriol B (2), as well as the known guaiane sesquiterpene (-)-kessane. Structure elucidation was based on (1)H and (13)C NMR data, mainly 2D NMR (1)H-(1)H COSY, (1)H-(13)C HMQC, (1)H-(13)C HMBC, and (1)H-(1)H NOESY experiments. This is the first report of the hexahydrodibenzopyrans from a higher plant other than the genus Cannabis. The cannabimimetic activity was thus evaluated by radioligand binding assay for cannabinoid receptor CB1, which indicated, notably, that both 1 and 2 were inactive. In addition, the cross reactivity of 1 and 2 toward antibodies designed for urinary metabolites of cannabinoids was evaluated with the EMIT and On Line cannabinoids assays. Both compounds showed no response at 100 000 ng/mL in both assays. Machaeriol B (2) demonstrated in vitro antimalarial activity (IC(50) = 120 ng/mL) against Plasmodium falciparum W-2 clone.