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Myxosarcoma is a rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of soft tissues originating from fibroblasts. This report describes a case of bilateral myxosarcoma in a three-year-old cryptorchid dog. The animal was referred to the veterinary clinic because of the absence of testicles in the scrotum. Ultrasonography revealed two masses in the abdominal cavity with testicular echotexture. Exploratory laparotomy revealed the presence of cryptorchid testicles, and orchiectomy was recommended to treat the animal. Testicles were gray and reddish in color and enlarged with firm consistency. For histopathological analysis, testis fragments were fixed in 10% formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue. Immunohistochemistry was performed using the following primary antibodies:1A4, HHF35, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, CD31, S-100, vimentin, and Ki-67. Histopathological evaluation revealed the proliferation of fusiform and round cells associated with extensive areas of myxoid matrix. Neoplasms featured multinucleated giant cells, pleomorphism, karyomegaly, nuclear hyperchromasia, anisokaryosis, mitoses, and necrosis, with coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemical analysis of vimentin- and the Alcian blue-positive cells confirmed the diagnosis of myxosarcoma. A high mitotic count and Ki-67 proliferative index suggests this myxosarcoma had a high degree of malignancy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of bilateral testicular myxosarcoma in a cryptorchid animal.

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In the present study, we investigate the effect of the presence or absence of corpus luteum (CL) at the beginning of a fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol and to evaluate the impact of one-time use of intravaginal progesterone device (P4 device) in cows with or without CL. A total of 776 primiparous Nellore cows were subjected to FTAI approximately 45 days postpartum. In Experiment 1, 476 cows were divided into two experimental groups: with (CL-present, n=113) or without (CL-absent, n=363) CL, after ultrasound evaluation. On day 0 (D0), all cows received a new P4 device (1.0 g) and 2.0 mg estradiol benzoate (EB). Eight days later (D8), the P4 devices were withdrawn, and prostaglandin (15 mg), estradiol cypionate (0.5 mg), and eCG (300 IU) were administered i.m. All cows were inseminated 48 h after P4 device withdrawal (D10). In Experiment 2, the cows (n= 300) received (at D0) P4 devices that were previously used once in other cows with (n=109) or without CL (n=191) and 2 mg of EB. The same protocol as that used in Experiment 1 was performed from D8 onwards. In Experiment 1, the overall conception rate after FTAI was 55% (262/476). No difference was found in the conception rate between CL-present and CL-absent cows (52.2 vs. 55.5%). In Experiment 2, the conception rate obtained with P4 devices previously used in cows with CL (58.7%) was greater (P<0.05) than that obtained with P4 devices previously used in cows without CL (42.9%). Thus, this strategy resulted in a 15.8% increase in conception rate. In conclusion, the presence or absence of CL at the beginning of the FTAI protocol did not affect the conception rate in cows synchronized with the new P4 device, but the insertion of P4 devices previously used in cows with CL enhanced the conception rates in cows without CL.

No presente estudo, investigamos o efeito da presença ou ausência de corpo lúteo (CL) no início de um protocolo de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) e avaliamos o impacto do uso único de dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona (dispositivo P4) em vacas com ou sem CL. Um total de 776 vacas Nelore primíparas, aproximadamente 45 dias pós-parto foram submetidas à IATF. No Experimento 1, após avaliação ultrassonográfica, 476 vacas foram divididas em dois grupos experimentais: com (CL-presente, n=113) ou sem (CL-ausente, n=363) CL. No dia 0 (D0), todas as vacas receberam um novo dispositivo de P4 (1,0 g) e 2.0 mg de benzoato de estradiol (BE). Após 8 dias (D8), os dispositivos P4 foram retirados e prostaglandina (15 mg), cipionato de estradiol (0,5 mg) e eCG (300 UI) foram administrados i.m. Todas as vacas foram inseminadas 48 horas após a retirada do dispositivo de P4 (D10). No Experimento 2, as vacas (n= 300) receberam (no D0) um dispositivo de P4 previamente utilizado uma única vez em outras vacas com (n=109) ou sem CL (n=191) e 2 mg de BE. O mesmo protocolo utilizado no Experimento 1 foi realizado a partir do D8. No experimento 1, a taxa geral de concepção após IATF foi de 55% (262/476). Não foi encontrada diferença na taxa de concepção entre as vacas com CL presente e CL ausente (52,2 vs. 55,5%). No Experimento 2, a taxa de concepção obtida com dispositivos P4 previamente utilizados em vacas com CL-presente (58,7%) foi maior (P<0,05) quando comparada aos dispositivos P4 previamente utilizados em vacas com CL-ausente (42,9%). Essa estratégia resultou em aumento de 15,8% na taxa de concepção. Em conclusão, a presença ou ausência de CL no início do protocolo de IATF não afetou a taxa de concepção em vacas sincronizadas com dispositivo novo de P4; e a eficácia dos dispositivos de P4 previamente utilizados em vacas com CL é maior durante seu segundo uso em vacas sem CL.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the association of the antioxidant resveratrol with sucrose in a vitrification protocol of ovarian tissue in cows, on the morphology of preantral follicles. Ten ovaries of cows were used, collected in local slaughterhouses, fragmented and distributed to the following treatments: fresh control (Co); toxicity (T); (T0) zero toxicity/ only with base vitrification solution (SBV), (TS) toxicity with SBV plus sucrose, (TR) toxicity with SBV plus resveratrol, (TS+R) toxicity with SBV and sucrose plus resveratrol; and for glazing (V); (VS) vitrification with SBV and sucrose, (VR) vitrification with SBV and resveratrol, (VS+R) vitrification with SBV and sucrose plus resveratrol. Preantral follicles were quantified and classified according to morphology into normal and degenerated. The mean percentages between normal and degenerated follicles did not differ (p>0.05) in the following percentages, normal 51.4% and degenerated 48.60%. In the toxicity test there was a difference (p0.05), demonstrating that the vitrification technique is efficient, but the concentration of cryoprotectants used needs to be re-evaluated. Concluding that the natural antioxidant association resveratrol to sucrose in vitrification and rewarming protocols contributes with reservations for the morphological preservation of preantral follicles in cows.

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Bradypus variegatus Schinz (1825), conhecida popularmente como preguiça-comum, é um mamífero silvestre de ampla distribuição estendendo-se da América Central até a América do Sul, apresentando sua ocorrência em regiões de habitat fragmentado. A carência de informações sobre a distribuição dessa espécie torna o levantamento desses dados indispensável para subsidiar planos de ações em manejo de fauna silvestre. Adicionalmente, as descrições morfológicas do sistema reprodutor suportam estudos de aplicabilidade de biotécnicas reprodutivas. Concernente a isto, estudos sobre biologia reprodutiva ainda são escassos, os quais são necessários para auxiliar na pesquisa básica e aplicada para ações efetivas de medicina da conservação.

Bradypus variegatus Schinz (1825), commonly known as common sloth, is a wild mammal of wide distribution extending from Central America to South America, presenting its occurrence in regions of fragmented habitat. The lack of information on the distribution of this species makes the collection of these data indispensable to subsidize action plans on wildlife management. In addition, the morphological descriptions of the reproductive system support studies of the applicability of reproductive biotechniques. Concerning this, studies on reproductive biology are still scarce, which are necessary to assist in basic and applied research for effective actions of conservation medicine.

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Bradypus variegatus Schinz (1825), conhecida popularmente como preguiça-comum, é um mamífero silvestre de ampla distribuição estendendo-se da América Central até a América do Sul, apresentando sua ocorrência em regiões de habitat fragmentado. A carência de informações sobre a distribuição dessa espécie torna o levantamento desses dados indispensável para subsidiar planos de ações em manejo de fauna silvestre. Adicionalmente, as descrições morfológicas do sistema reprodutor suportam estudos de aplicabilidade de biotécnicas reprodutivas. Concernente a isto, estudos sobre biologia reprodutiva ainda são escassos, os quais são necessários para auxiliar na pesquisa básica e aplicada para ações efetivas de medicina da conservação.(AU)

Bradypus variegatus Schinz (1825), commonly known as common sloth, is a wild mammal of wide distribution extending from Central America to South America, presenting its occurrence in regions of fragmented habitat. The lack of information on the distribution of this species makes the collection of these data indispensable to subsidize action plans on wildlife management. In addition, the morphological descriptions of the reproductive system support studies of the applicability of reproductive biotechniques. Concerning this, studies on reproductive biology are still scarce, which are necessary to assist in basic and applied research for effective actions of conservation medicine.(AU)

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This paper aims to describe the origin of the brachial plexus of 12 iguanas, male and female, which were donated already dead by the Wild Animal Screening Center and Independent Company of Highway and Environmental Police of the Araguaína, Tocantins State, to Veterinary Anatomy Laboratory of Federal University of Tocantins, Araguaína campus These animals were fixed by intramuscular injections of aqueous 10% formalin. It was made a parallel incision to dorsal midline from the skull to the caudal ribs. It was pulled all the epiaxial muscles eight ribs, the periosteum, exposing and individualizing the ventral rami of spinal nerves that make up the brachial plexus. The ventral rami of spinal nerves C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2 form the brachial plexus in 12 iguanas. In 41.6% of cases, the branches involved were C6, C7, C8 and T1; in 33.4%, the branches C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2; 16.6% the branches C7, C8, T1 and T2 and in 8.4%, the branches C7, C8 and T1. The branches ventral C7, C8 and T1 formed three trunks and C6 and T2, when present, consisted of nervous fillet. There was variation in number of vertebrae in Iguana iguana iguana which caused oscillations in anastomoses, that constitute the nerves of brachial plexus. The axillary, subscapular, cutaneous, pectoral, coracobrachialis, radial, median, ulnar, thoracodorsal nerves are the main nerves that constitute the brachial plexus in iguanas.

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a origem do plexo braquial de 12 iguanas, machos e fêmeas, doados mortos pelo Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres e Companhia Independente de Polícia Rodoviária e Ambiental ­ Araguaína ­ Tocantins, ao Laboratório de Anatomia da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, campus de Araguaína. Fixou-se os animais com injeções intramusculares de solução aquosa de formalina a 10%. Realizou-se uma incisão paralela a linha mediana dorsal desde o crânio até a região caudal das costelas. Retirou toda a musculatura epiaxial, oito costelas, o periósteo, expondo e individualizando os ramos ventrais dos nervos espinhais que compõem o plexo braquial. Os ramos ventrais dos nervos espinhais C6, C7, C8, T1 e T2 formam o plexo braquial nas 12 iguanas. Em 41,6% dos casos, os ramos envolvidos foram C6, C7, C8 e T1; em 33,4%, os ramos C6, C7, C8, T1 e T2; em 16,6 % os ramos C7, C8, T1 e T2 e em 8,4%, os ramos C7, C8 e T1. Dos ramos ventrais C7, C8 e T1 formavam três troncos e C6 e T2, quando presentes, consistiam de filetes nervosos. Houve variação no número de vértebras na Iguana iguana iguana, que provocaram oscilações nas anastomoses que constituem os nervos do plexo braquial nas iguanas. Os nervos axillar, subscapular, cutâneo, peitoral, coracobraquial, radial, mediano, ulnar e toracodorsal são os principais nervos que constituem o plexo braquial nas iguanas.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and transport time on the CumulusComplex - oophorus (COC). We evaluated 181 cattle COCs obtained from 15 pairs of ovaries, and 743 ovarianfollicles obtained from 30 pairs of ovaries subjected to histological processing. They evaluated the transport at4°C and 37°C in the period of 6:18 hours. After aspiration, the COCs obtained were stained with Trypan Blue toverify the integrity of the cell membrane and / or oocyte, and made the counting of follicles. The ovariestransported at lower temperatures and in shorter time showed better viability, suggesting maintaining theintegrity of the plasma membrane of cells COCs. As the temperature rises, the viability of COCs decreases as thenumber of follicles, suggesting damage to the membranes of such cells. Thus, it was concluded that COCs andovarian follicles undergo with temperature and transport time.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and transport time on the CumulusComplex - oophorus (COC). We evaluated 181 cattle COCs obtained from 15 pairs of ovaries, and 743 ovarianfollicles obtained from 30 pairs of ovaries subjected to histological processing. They evaluated the transport at4°C and 37°C in the period of 6:18 hours. After aspiration, the COCs obtained were stained with Trypan Blue toverify the integrity of the cell membrane and / or oocyte, and made the counting of follicles. The ovariestransported at lower temperatures and in shorter time showed better viability, suggesting maintaining theintegrity of the plasma membrane of cells COCs. As the temperature rises, the viability of COCs decreases as thenumber of follicles, suggesting damage to the membranes of such cells. Thus, it was concluded that COCs andovarian follicles undergo with temperature and transport time.(AU)

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The iguanas (Iguana iguana) are animals that can reach up 110 cm. The crest of spines that is located at the its back long characterizes these animals. They live from Mexico to Central Brazil, in the Amazon, Cerrado, and Caatinga, they live in trees and have daytime habits and are herbivorous. This group habits all regions, except the polars regions. The objective was the description of the skull of bones of a representative of this specie. The members of this group live in all regions, except the Polar Regions. The objective of this research was to give a description of the skull bones of this specie. The Companhia Independente de Polícia Rodoviária e Ambiental do Estado do Tocantins (CIPRA) gave to the Veterinary Anatomy Laboratory of the Veterinarian Medical College, of the Tocantins Federal University, Campus of Araguaína, a specie the animal, after the animal be killed by a trauma. The animal's body was macerate by the technique of cooking. The skull was separate from the body, and following was accomplished the description of the skull bones. The following bones form the Iguana skull: premaxillary, nasal, prefrontal, frontal, prefrontal, parietal, jaw, lachrymal, jugal, postorbital, squamosal, ectopterygoid, epipterigoide, pterygoid, prootic quadrate bone, jaw, vomer, palatine, parasphenoid rostral, parasphenoid rostral, parabasisphenoid, supratemporal, exoccipital-opisthotic, supraoccipital. The iguana skull bones present similarity to the skull bones of the others representatives of the reptiles.

As iguanas (Iguana iguana) são animais que podem atingir até 110 cm de comprimento. Estes animais são reconhecidos pela crista de espinhos que percorre toda a extensão das costas. Vivem na Amazônia, Cerrado e Caatinga, desde o México até o Brasil Central, e são arborícolas, de hábito diurno e são herbívoros. Os répteis conquistaram o ambiente terrestre, após adquirir a capacidade de evitar a desidratação, a fecundação interna e seu ovo possuir casca. Este grupo ocupa todos os habitats, exceto as regiões polares. Objetivou-se a descrição dos ossos do crânio de um exemplar desta espécie. O animai foi doado, após morte por traumatismo, pela Companhia Independente de Polícia Rodoviária e Ambiental do Estado do Tocantins (CIPRA) ao Laboratório de Anatomia Veterinária do Curso de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus de Araguaína. Macerou-se todo o animal pela técnica de cocção. O crânio foi separado e em seguida ossos que o constituíam foram descritos. O crânio da Iguana iguana era constituído pelos seguintes ossos: pré-maxilar, nasal, pré-frontal, frontal, pós-frontal, parietal, maxilar, lacrimal, jugal, pósorbital, esquamosal, ectopterigoide, epipterigoide, pterigoide, pró-ótico, quadrado, mandíbula, vômer, palatino, paraesfenoide rostral, parabasiesfenoide, supratemporal, exo-occipital-opistótico, supraoccipital. Os ossos do crânio do iguana possuem semelhança com os ossos do crânio dos outros representantes dos répteis.

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A produção in vitro de embriões em cães pode auxiliar na compreensão de inúmeros fenômenos fisiológicos como o crescimento, a maturação e a fecundação de oócitos e ainda se apresenta como alternativa para contornar obstáculos reprodutivos inerentes à espécie. Além disso, os conhecimentos adquiridos com esta técnica podem ser utilizados para a preservação de cães selvagens ameaçados de extinção. Entretanto a existência de diferenças na fisiologia reprodutiva canina quando comparado aos demais mamíferos domésticos, resulta em uma dificuldade em maiores avanços na produção in vitro de embriões nessa espécie. Nesse sentido inúmeros estudos vêm sendo realizados para desenvolver biotécnicas que venham a auxiliar na compreensão da fisiologia reprodutiva canina, bem como tentar solucionar o entrave da produção in vitro de embriões. Dessa forma, esta revisão tem como objetivo, relatar os avanços obtidos até o momento no crescimento e maturação in vitro de oócitos de cães domésticos, assim como discorrer sobre as estratégias utilizadas até o presente momento para aumentar a produção in vitro de embriões caninos, utilizando-se oócitos oriundos tanto de folículos pré-antrais como de folículos antrais.

The in vitro embryo production in dogs can help the understanding of several physiological processes such as growth, maturation and fertilization of oocytes, and also represents an alternative to overcome reproductive obstacles in this species. Moreover, the knowledge obtained from this technique can be used for the preservation of endangered wild dogs However, the existence of differences between dogs and other domestic species regarding the reproductive physiology in these species difficult major advances in the in vitro embryo production in dogs. In this regard, many studies were conducted to developing biotechniques which will help to understand the canine reproductive physiology, as well as to try to solve the obstacle on in vitro production of embryon. Thus, this review aims to address the progress obtained so far in the in vitro growth and maturation of oocytes from domestic dogs, as to address the strategies used until the present moment to improve the in vitro production of canine embryo, using oocyte from both preantral and antral follicles.

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