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Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are widely employed as an experimental model in various scientific fields. The investigation of glucose metabolism dysfunctions has gained recent significant prominence. Considering that certain anesthetics may impact glycemic levels, it is imperative to carefully select an anesthetic that does not induce such side effects, thereby mitigating potential adverse influences on research outcomes. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate potential glucose alterations and induction and recovery times resulting from the use of eugenol, menthol and lidocaine as anesthetics in zebrafish. A total of 150 adult male and female zebrafish were divided into ten groups, comprising a control group euthanized by rapid chilling, and three groups anesthetized with low (40 mg/L eugenol, 60 mg/L menthol, 100 mg/L lidocaine), intermediate (60 mg/L eugenol, 90 mg/L menthol, 225 mg/L lidocaine), and high (80 mg/L eugenol, 120 mg/L menthol, 350 mg/L lidocaine) anesthetic concentrations. Glucose levels and induction and recovery times were assessed. The findings reveal that eugenol and menthol did not cause glucose level alterations at any of the investigated concentrations, while lidocaine caused a non-concentration-dependent hyperglycemia. Eugenol and menthol also exhibited similar recovery times at different concentrations, while lidocaine recovery times were concentration-dependent. This study, therefore, concludes that eugenol and menthol are safe and satisfactory anesthetics for use in zebrafish research involving glucose analyses, while lidocaine use can cause biases due to altered glucose levels and safety concerns. Researchers should, therefore, carefully consider anesthetic selection to ensure reliable results in zebrafish assessments.

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Objective: This work aimed to describe the trachea of the Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) through descriptive and morphometric approaches. Methods: ten adult male Spheniscus magellanicus were used, which were collected, fixed, and kept immersed in an aqueous solution of 10% formaldehyde. Results: the trachea of the penguin began caudally from the cricoid cartilage of the larynx, represented by 121.3±5.65 cartilaginous rings joined together, which extended to the syrinx (19.75±0.70 cm). Considering its five segments (I-V), the number of tracheal rings decreased in a cranio-caudal direction. The medial tracheal septum, which started caudally from the cricoid cartilage of the larynx, was approximately 2±0.08 cm and was formed by approximately 6.75±0.25 rings. The dimensions of the lumen of the trachea decreased cranio-caudally, with a statistical difference between segment I and the others (II to V). The syrinx of the tracheobronchial type presented 7.52±0.65 rings. Conclusions: these data will contribute to the understanding of the anatomy of this species, as well as to the diagnosis and treatment of possible tracheal pathologies found in it.

Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a traqueia do pinguim-de-Magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus), por meio de abordagens descritivas e mofométricas. Metodologia: foram utilizados dez Spheniscus magellanicus, adultos, machos que foram após coletas, fixados e mantidos imersos em solução aquosa, a 10% de formaldeído. Resultados: a traqueia do pinguim iniciou-se, caudalmente, a cartilagem cricoide da laringe, representada por 121,3±5,65 anéis cartilaginosos unidos entre si, que se estenderam até as siringes (19,75±0,70 cm). Considerando seus cinco segmentos (I-V), o número de anéis traqueais diminuiu seu número em sentido craniocaudal. O septo traqueal medial teve início caudalmente a cartilagem cricoide da laringe, aproximadamente 2±0,08 cm, e foi formado por, aproximadamente, 6,75±0,25 anéis. As dimensões do lúmen da traqueia diminuíram craniocaudalmente, com diferença estatística entre o segmento I e os outros (II a V). As siringes, do tipo traqueobronquiais, apresentaram 7,52±0,65 anéis. Conclusões: esses dados contribuirão para o entendimento da anatomia dessa espécie, bem como para o diagnóstico e tratamento de possíveis patologias traqueais nela encontradas.

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The pelvis, formed by the ilium, ischium and pubis, forms the coxal, which is the largest of the flat bones of the skeleton, with an important role in the physiology of birth. Vastly studied in domestic animals, there is still much to be investigated regarding the anatomical classification in wild animals, mainly aiming to improve the understanding of the reproductive management of the species. Tamandua tetradactyla is one of these species in which morphological studies are still scarce, especially when it comes to reproductive aspects. In this context, we carried out the pelvimetry of T. tetradactyla using radiographic images to anatomically and obstetrically classify the pelvis of this species, classifying it as dolicopelvic, with evidence of homoscedasticity of the samples. Verification of the existence of a relationship between the variables studied by the statistical method of Pearson coefficients showed positive correlations of high intensity for the diameters studied (P < 0.01). Thus, we believed that our findings may support future reproductive studies in this species.

A pelve, constituída pelo ílio, ísquio e púbis, forma o coxal, sendo este o maior dos ossos planos constituintes do esqueleto, com importante papel na fisiologia do parto. Vastamente estudada em animais domésticos, ainda existe muito à se investigar quanto a classificação anatômica nos animais selvagens, visando principalmente melhorar a compreensão do manejo reprodutivo das espécies. Tamandua tetradactyla é uma dessas espécies em que estudos morfológicos ainda são escassos, principalmente quando se trata de aspectos reprodutivos. Neste contexto realizamos a pelvimetria do T. tetradactyla por meio de imagens radiográficas para classificar anato-obstetricamente a pelve desta espécie classificando-a como dolicopélvica, sendo evidenciada homoscedasticidade das amostras. A verificação da existência de relação entre as variáveis estudadas pelo método estatístico dos coeficientes de Pearson mostrou correlação positivas de alta intensidade para os diâmetros estudados (P< 0,01). Assim, acreditamos que nossos achados poderão subsidiar futuros estudos reprodutivos nesta espécie.

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O perfil metabólico é uma importante ferramenta no diagnóstico de doenças metabólicas e monitoramento nutricional de animais de produção. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o escore corporal e perfil metabólico de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês criadas em sistema de semiconfinamento, ao longo do periparto, comparando esses parâmetros entre animais com gestação simples e gestação múltipla. Cinquenta e cinco ovelhas (55), sendo 43 com gestação simples e 12 com gestação gemelar, foram submetidas a coletas de sangue e avaliação do escore corporal semanalmente, entre o fim do terceiro mês de gestação e um mês pós-parto, totalizando 10 avaliações. Observaram-se diferenças na comparação entre semanas para as variáveis: Glicose, BHB, NEFA, Triglicerídeos, Cálcio, Fósforo, Uréia e Creatinina para os grupos Gestação Simples (GS) e Gestação Gemelar (GG), além de Magnésio para o primeiro grupo (p<0,005). A semana do parto e as semanas subsequentes apresentaram valores estatisticamente diferentes das semanas que precederam o parto na maioria das variáveis estudadas. Não houve diferença significativa na comparação entre os grupos GS e GG para os parâmetros avaliados. Em ambos os grupos houve redução no escore corporal das fêmeas acompanhadas, com uma queda na proporção de animais com EC3 e 4 e concomitante crescimento de EC2.(AU)

The metabolic profile represents an important tool in the diagnostic of metabolic diseases and in the nutritional monitoring of production animals. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the body scores and metabolic profile of sheep of the Santa Inês breed in a system of semi- confinement, during the peri-parturient. The body scores and metabolic profile were analysed between animals with single and multiple pregnancies. Fifty-five sheep were recruited for this study, of those, 43 with single pregnancy and 12 with twin pregnancies. The animals were submitted to blood collection and analyses of body score (BS) weekly, from the end of third month of pregnancy until one month postpartum, and those were analysed 10 times during this research. About the analyses throughout weeks, the study found different values to the variables Glucoses, BHB, NEFA, Triglycerides, Calcium, Phosphorus, Urea, and Creatinine for the Single Pregnancy (SP) and Twin Pregnancies (TP) groups (p<0,005). Moreover, distinct rates of Magnesium was noticed in the Single Pregnancy group (p<0,005). The week of birth and subsequent weeks, showed statistically different values of those from the weeks leading up to the birth in most of the variables studied. There was no significant difference in the comparison between the SP and TP groups for the parameters evaluated. In both groups, there were a decrease in the female body score, with a reduction in the proportion of animal with BS3 and 4 associated, and concomitant increase of animals with BS2 proportion.(AU)

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The aim of this study was to understand the bone response against the exercise adaptations to reduce the occurrence of orthopedic injuries in endurance horses. To this end, the objective of the present work was to investigate how the bone adaptation on adult equines that were trained for 4-5 yr to endurance races responds to the long-term exercise of moderate intensity by comparing to non-athlete horses. For this purpose, 14 Arabian horses were selected and divided equally into two groups; a control group formed by animals that had never practiced physical activity nor been tamed and an exercise group formed by athlete animals. Radiographs were obtained using a digital radiography system and penetrometer. The radiographs were stored and later processed to determine cortical bone thickness using the ProgRes® Capture Pro 2.5 (Jenoptik, Germany), cortical bone density using Adobe Photoshop CS6 (version 6.0, Adobe Systems Inc., San Jose, CA), and trabecular bone density using the Image-Pro Plus 4.1 (Media Cybernetics Inc. Silver Springs, MD). The EG presented an increase in cortical bone density and thickness compared to the control. This adaptation of the cortical bone in the exercised horses is an important factor in increasing bone resistance to exercise. These structural changes are related to a morphofunctional response by the bone tissue as a whole.

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O perfil metabólico é uma importante ferramenta no diagnóstico de doenças metabólicas e monitoramento nutricional de animais de produção. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o escore corporal e perfil metabólico de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês criadas em sistema de semiconfinamento, ao longo do periparto, comparando esses parâmetros entre animais com gestação simples e gestação múltipla. Cinquenta e cinco ovelhas (55), sendo 43 com gestação simples e 12 com gestação gemelar, foram submetidas a coletas de sangue e avaliação do escore corporal semanalmente, entre o fim do terceiro mês de gestação e um mês pós-parto, totalizando 10 avaliações. Observaram-se diferenças na comparação entre semanas para as variáveis: Glicose, BHB, NEFA, Triglicerídeos, Cálcio, Fósforo, Uréia e Creatinina para os grupos Gestação Simples (GS) e Gestação Gemelar (GG), além de Magnésio para o primeiro grupo (p<0,005). A semana do parto e as semanas subsequentes apresentaram valores estatisticamente diferentes das semanas que precederam o parto na maioria das variáveis estudadas. Não houve diferença significativa na comparação entre os grupos GS e GG para os parâmetros avaliados. Em ambos os grupos houve redução no escore corporal das fêmeas acompanhadas, com uma queda na proporção de animais com EC3 e 4 e concomitante crescimento de EC2.

The metabolic profile represents an important tool in the diagnostic of metabolic diseases and in the nutritional monitoring of production animals. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the body scores and metabolic profile of sheep of the Santa Inês breed in a system of semi- confinement, during the peri-parturient. The body scores and metabolic profile were analysed between animals with single and multiple pregnancies. Fifty-five sheep were recruited for this study, of those, 43 with single pregnancy and 12 with twin pregnancies. The animals were submitted to blood collection and analyses of body score (BS) weekly, from the end of third month of pregnancy until one month postpartum, and those were analysed 10 times during this research. About the analyses throughout weeks, the study found different values to the variables Glucoses, BHB, NEFA, Triglycerides, Calcium, Phosphorus, Urea, and Creatinine for the Single Pregnancy (SP) and Twin Pregnancies (TP) groups (p<0,005). Moreover, distinct rates of Magnesium was noticed in the Single Pregnancy group (p<0,005). The week of birth and subsequent weeks, showed statistically different values of those from the weeks leading up to the birth in most of the variables studied. There was no significant difference in the comparison between the SP and TP groups for the parameters evaluated. In both groups, there were a decrease in the female body score, with a reduction in the proportion of animal with BS3 and 4 associated, and concomitant increase of animals with BS2 proportion.

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INTRODUCTION: Human leptospirosis (HL) in the Federal District (DF), Brazil, is endemic and requires studies to characterize the socio-epidemiological profile of the vulnerable population. METHODS: Seventy-nine autochthonous cases of HL between 2011-2015 were analyzed based on the databases of the Epidemiological and Environmental Health Surveillance Department, DF. RESULTS: The male population aged 31-45 years represented 86% of the leptospirosis cases; most belonged to the social classes D and E. CONCLUSIONS: In the DF, preventive measures should be concentrated on economically active male adults of social classes C, D, and E with the aim of promoting health.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Human leptospirosis (HL) in the Federal District (DF), Brazil, is endemic and requires studies to characterize the socio-epidemiological profile of the vulnerable population. METHODS: Seventy-nine autochthonous cases of HL between 2011-2015 were analyzed based on the databases of the Epidemiological and Environmental Health Surveillance Department, DF. RESULTS: The male population aged 31-45 years represented 86% of the leptospirosis cases; most belonged to the social classes D and E. CONCLUSIONS: In the DF, preventive measures should be concentrated on economically active male adults of social classes C, D, and E with the aim of promoting health.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that affects more than 5,000 people per year in Brazil. The Federal District (FD) lacks epidemiological studies of human leptospirosis and presents concerning rates of this disease, especially considering its lethality. METHODS: Seventy-nine autochthonous human cases of leptospirosis between 2011 and 2015 were analyzed, with the probable infection location serving as a basis for the collection and analysis of the environmental and epidemiological variables. RESULTS: The incidence of the disease ranged from 0.68-13.39 per 100,000 inhabitants in 21 of the 31 administrative regions that compose the FD. The local profile of human leptospirosis was predominantly associated with urban areas during the rainy season, population access to the sewage network, the treated water network, and the public garbage collection service. The vast majority of cases had a strong association with synanthropic rodents at the infection sites. CONCLUSIONS: In order to prevent and control potentially lethal human leptospirosis infection, the eco-epidemiological characterization of this disease is a valuable tool for public policies of prevention, control, and surveillance. In addition to population awareness, the systematized control of synanthropic rodents could be the main health action to reduce the incidence of this disease in the FD.

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INTRODUCTION: Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that affects more than 5,000 people per year in Brazil. The Federal District (FD) lacks epidemiological studies of human leptospirosis and presents concerning rates of this disease, especially considering its lethality. METHODS: Seventy-nine autochthonous human cases of leptospirosis between 2011 and 2015 were analyzed, with the probable infection location serving as a basis for the collection and analysis of the environmental and epidemiological variables. RESULTS: The incidence of the disease ranged from 0.68-13.39 per 100,000 inhabitants in 21 of the 31 administrative regions that compose the FD. The local profile of human leptospirosis was predominantly associated with urban areas during the rainy season, population access to the sewage network, the treated water network, and the public garbage collection service. The vast majority of cases had a strong association with synanthropic rodents at the infection sites. CONCLUSIONS: In order to prevent and control potentially lethal human leptospirosis infection, the eco-epidemiological characterization of this disease is a valuable tool for public policies of prevention, control, and surveillance. In addition to population awareness, the systematized control of synanthropic rodents could be the main health action to reduce the incidence of this disease in the FD.

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