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Em 11 de março de 2020, a Organização Mundial de Saúde declarou que a epidemia da covid-19 evoluiu para uma pandemia. As medidas de isolamento tomadas diante do cenário pandêmico provocaram impactos diretos na vida e na saúde física e mental da população. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a perspectiva do adolescente em relação à prática de atividade física e à saúde mental durante a pandemia da covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, seguindo um roteiro semiestruturado, com 11 adolescentes de 11 a 19 anos de idade em acompanhamento com a equipe Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde do Adolescente. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. A partir da análise das falas dos participantes, foram construídas três categorias analíticas. Os achados do estudo identificaram que os adolescentes que praticavam atividade física antes da pandemia pararam as práticas em algum momento após o início das medidas para contenção da disseminação do vírus. Em relação à saúde mental, foi possível identificar nos relatos os sentimentos de tristeza, medo e insegurança que a pandemia gerou nesses indivíduos. O impacto da pandemia na prática de atividade física e na saúde mental dos adolescentes, segundo a sua perspectiva e os resultados deste estudo, foi negativo.

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization recognized that the COVID-19 outbreak had evolved into a pandemic. Isolation measures taken during the pandemic have directly impacted the lives and physical and mental health of both adolescents and the general population. Hence, this study investigates the adolescent perspective regarding physical activity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted following a semi-structured interview guide with eleven adolescents aged 11 to 19 years attended by the REMSA team. Data underwent Bardin's content analysis, resulting in three analytical categories. Results showed that adolescents who exercised before the pandemic stopped the practice at some point after the measures to contain the virus spread were implemented. Regarding mental health, the participants mentioned feelings of sadness, fear and insecurity brought by the pandemic. In their perspective, the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted physical activity and mental health. These findings impact public health decision-making where strategies to overcome this negative impact on adolescent health must be created for a better quality of life among this population.

El 11 de marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró que el brote del covid-19 se ha convertido en una pandemia. Las medidas de aislamiento han tenido un impacto directo en la vida y la salud física y mental de la población en general. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la perspectiva del adolescente sobre la práctica de actividad física y salud mental durante la pandemia del covid-19. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, de enfoque cualitativo, que aplicó una guía semiestructurada a adolescentes de entre 11 y 19 años en seguimiento con el equipo Residencia Multiprofesional en Salud del Adolescente. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el análisis de contenido de Bardin. A partir del análisis de contenido de los discursos de los participantes, se construyeron tres categorías analíticas. Los hallazgos de este estudio identificaron que los adolescentes que practicaban actividad física antes de la pandemia detuvieron las prácticas en algún momento posterior al inicio de las medidas de contención del virus. En cuanto a la salud mental, los participantes reportaron sentimientos de tristeza, miedo e inseguridad provocados por la pandemia. El impacto de la pandemia del covid-19 en la práctica de actividad física y la salud mental de los adolescentes según su perspectiva y los resultados de este estudio fue negativo.

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The study evaluated the effect of the carotenoid-rich extract from cantaloupe melon (CE) nanoencapsulated in porcine gelatin (EPG) on hepatic retinol concentration and liver damage scores in Wistar rats with obesity induced by high glycemic index and high glycemic load diet (HGLI diet). For 17 days, animals were fed the HGLI diet. They were divided into three groups and treated for 10 days [HGLI diet + water, HGLI diet + CE (12.5 mg/kg), and HGLI diet + EPG (50 mg/kg)]. The groups were evaluated for dietary intake, retinol, weight variation, hematological parameters, fasting glucose, lipid profile, hepatic retinol concentration, AST/ALT ratio, FIB-4 (Fibrosis-4 Index for Liver Fibrosis), and APRI (AST to Platelet Ratio Index) scores to evaluate the effects on the liver. Animals treated with EPG showed a lower dietary intake (p < 0.05). No significant weight change was detected in the evaluated groups (p > 0.05). The EPG-treated group had significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.05) of hepatic retinol [266 (45) µg/g] than the untreated group [186 (23.8) µg/g] and the one treated with CE [175 (8.08) µg/g]. Liver damage assessment scores did not show significant differences, but the lowest means were observed in the group treated with EPG. The nanoencapsulation of the extract rich in beta-carotene promoted reduced food consumption and increased hepatic retinol without causing significant changes in liver damage scores. Thus, EPG is a candidate for future clinical studies to evaluate the beneficial effects of treating diseases involving vitamin A deficiencies.

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BACKGROUND: Gestational syphilis requires early detection and proper treatment to prevent negative maternal-fetal outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on treatment adherence and knowledge about syphilis in postpartum women with positive Treponema pallidum results. METHODS: A randomized, parallel, and open clinical trial was conducted with 64 postpartum women who tested positive for T. pallidum, assigned to two groups (1:1 ratio). The Intervention Group (IG) received an educational intervention on syphilis, including an explanatory leaflet and hands-on demonstrations, along with standard guidelines. The Control Group (CG) received standard guidelines alone. Pre-test and post-test assessments were conducted to measure knowledge and treatment adherence. Statistical analyses included descriptive and inferential methods, assessing group homogeneity using the Chi-square or Fishers exact test. The interventions effectiveness was determined using relative risk, and pre- and post-test scores were compared using the independent t test. RESULTS: The post-test revealed improvements in knowledge scores for general knowledge, treatment, and prevention domains (p < .05). The IG demonstrated an increase in post-test knowledge scores (p = .001), with association between post-test scores and treatment adherence (p = .001). CONCLUSION: The educational intervention on syphilis improved knowledge and treatment adherence in postpartum women with syphilis.

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Schistosomiasis affects about 260 million people worldwide and the search for new schistosomicidal compounds is urgent. In this study we evaluated the in vitro effect of barbatic acid against schistosomulae and young worms of Schistosoma mansoni. The barbatic acid was evaluated through the bioassay of motility and mortality, cellular viability and ultrastructural analysis of juvenile stages through Scanning Electron Microscopy. Barbatic acid showed a schistosomicidal effect against schistosomulae and young worms of S. mansoni after 3 h of exposure. At the end of 24 h, barbatic acid showed 100 %, 89.5 %, 52 % and 28.5 % of lethality for schistosomulae at the concentrations of 200, 100, 50 and 25 µM, respectively. For young worms, barbatic acid showed 100 % and 31.7 % of lethality at the concentrations of 200 and 100 µM, respectively. Motility changes were observed at all sublethal concentrations. There was a significant reduction in the viability of young worms after exposure to barbatic acid at 50, 100 and 200 µM. Extensive damage to the schistosomulae and young worm's tegument, was observed from 50 µM. This report provides data showing the schistosomicidal effect of barbatic acid on schistosomulae and young worms of S. mansoni, causing death, motility changes and ultrastructural damage to worms.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as the causative agent of cervical cancer in women, and it is associated with other anogenital and head/neck cancers. More than 120 types of HPV have been identified and many classified as high- or low-risk according to their oncogenic potential. One of its proteins, E6, has evolved to overcome the oncosuppressor functions of p53 by targeting this protein for degradation via interaction with the human ubiquitin-ligase E6AP. This study evaluates the correlation between the association strength of 40 HPV E6 types to the E6AP/p53 complex and the HPV oncogenesis risk using molecular simulations and machine and deep learning (ML/DL). In addition, a ML/DL-driven prediction is proposed for the HPV unclassified oncogenic risk type. The results indicate that thermodynamics play a pivotal role in the establishment of HPV-associated cancer and highlight the need to include some viral types in the HPV-related cancer surveillance and prevention strategies.

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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of the trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds (TTI) in an experimental model of T2DM and the in silico interaction between the conformational models of TTI 56/287 and the insulin receptor (IR). After inducing T2DM, 15 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated in three groups (n = 5): 1-T2DM group without treatment; 2-T2DM group treated with adequate diet; and 3-T2DM treated with TTI (25 mg/kg), for 10 days. Insulinemia and fasting glucose were analyzed, and the HOMA-IR and HOMA-ß were calculated. The group of animals treated with TTI presented both lower fasting glucose concentrations (p = 0.0031) and lower HOMA-IR indexes (p = 0.0432), along with higher HOMA-ß indexes (p = 0.0052), than the animals in the other groups. The in silico analyses showed that there was an interaction between TTIp 56/287 and IR with interaction potential energy (IPE) of -1591.54 kJ mol-1 (±234.90), being lower than that presented by insulin and IR: -894.98 kJ mol-1 (±32.16). In addition, the presence of amino acids, type of binding and place of interaction other than insulin were identified. This study revealed the hypoglycemic effect of a bioactive molecule of protein origin from Tamarind seeds in a preclinical model of T2DM. Furthermore, the in silico analysis allowed the prediction of its binding in the IR, raising a new perspective for explaining TTI's action on the glycemic response.

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The purpose of this research was to identify risk factors that were independently related to the maintenance of a swallowing dysfunction in patients affected by critical COVID-19. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of critical patients with COVID-19, who were admitted to a COVID-19 dedicated intensive care unit (ICU) and required prolonged orotracheal intubation (≥48 hours). Demographic and clinical data were collected at ICU admission and/or at hospital discharge or in-hospital death. Swallowing data was based on The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and was collected at two distinct moments: initial swallowing assessment and at patient outcome. Patients were divided into two groups according to their FOIS level assigned on the last swallowing assessment: in-hospital resolved dysphagia-patients with FOIS levels 6 and 7; non-resolved dysphagia at hospital outcome-patients with FOIS levels 1 to 5. Nine hundred and twenty patients were included in our study. Results of the multivariate logistic regression model for the prediction of non-resolved dysphagia at hospital outcome in critical COVID-19 patients. indicated that increasing age (p = 0.002), severity at admission (p = 0.015), body mass index (p = 0.008), use of neuromuscular blockers (p = 0.028), presence of neurologic diseases (p = 0.038), presence of Diabetes Mellitus (p = 0.043) and lower FOIS levels on the initial swallowing assessment (p<0.001) were associated with higher chances of presenting dysphagia at hospital outcome. Critical patients with COVID-19 may experience post-acute COVID-19 dysphagia, indicating the need to prepare for the care/rehabilitation of these patients.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and swallowing indicators related to a successful decannulation process during the hospital stay. METHODS: A retrospective cohort clinical study. The study sample comprised a heterogeneous patient population who had submitted to a tracheostomy procedure in a tertiary hospital. Patients were divided into two groups (decannulated vs. non-decannulated) and compared not only in terms of demographic and clinical data but also the results of a swallowing assessment and intervention outcome. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients were included in the present study: 25 (39%) who had been successfully decannulated, and 39 (61%) who could not be decannulated. Between-group comparisons indicated that both groups presented similar clinical and demographic characteristics. The groups also presented similar swallowing assessment results prior to intervention. However, significant differences were observed regarding the time to begin swallowing rehabilitation. The decannulated group was assessed nine days earlier than the non-decannulated group. Other significant differences included the removal of the alternate feeding method (72.0% of decannulated patients vs. 5.1% of non-decannulated patients) and the reintroduction of oral feeding (96.0% of decannulated patients vs. 41.0% of non-decannulated patients) and functional swallowing level at patient disclosure. The non-decannulated patient group presented higher death rates at disclosure. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicated that the following parameters were associated with a successful decannulation process: early swallowing assessment, swallowing rehabilitation, and improvement in the swallowing functional level during the hospital stay. The maintenance of low swallowing functional levels was found to be negatively associated with successful decannulation.

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This study describes for the first time the effect of saline extract and Parkia pendula seed fraction on Biomphalaria glabrata adult embryos and molluscs well as the reproductive parameters (fecundity and fertility) and survival, in addition to cytotoxicity and genotoxicity through the profile of blood cells after exposure to sublethal concentrations. Furthermore, we analyzed the action of both preparations against the cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and their environmental safety using the bioindicator Artemia salina. The saline extract and fraction showed toxic effects for embryos (CL90 of 464.25, 479.62, 731.28, 643.28, 408.43 and 250.94, 318.03, 406.12, 635.64, 1.145 mg/mL, for blastula, gastrula, trocophore, veliger and hippo stage respectively), adult snails after 24 h of exposure (CL90 of 9.50 and 10.92 mg/mL, respectively) with increased mortality after 7 days of observation and significant decrease (p <0.05; p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) in egg mass deposition. At sublethal concentrations, an increase in quantitative and morphological changes in hemocytes was observed, and in the genotoxicity/comet assay analysis, varying degrees of nuclear damage were detected. In addition, the saline extract showed changes in the motility of the cercariae, while the fraction howed toxicity from a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. The saline extract showed toxicity to A. salina at the highest concentrations (3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 mg/mL), while the fraction did not show ecotoxicity. Thus, the saline extract and fraction was promising in combating schistosomiasis by eliminating the intermediate host and causing alterations and/or mortality to the infectious agent.

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Abstract Objective: To investigate the clinical and swallowing indicators related to a successful decannulation process during the hospital stay. Methods: A retrospective cohort clinical study. The study sample comprised a heterogeneous patient population who had submitted to a tracheostomy procedure in a tertiary hospital. Patients were divided into two groups (dec-annulated vs. non-decannulated) and compared not only in terms of demographic and clinical data but also the results of a swallowing assessment and intervention outcome. Results: Sixty-four patients were included in the present study: 25 (39%) who had been successfully decannulated, and 39 (61%) who could not be decannulated. Between-group comparisons indicated that both groups presented similar clinical and demographic characteristics. The groups also presented similar swallowing assessment results prior to intervention. However, significant differences were observed regarding the time to begin swallowing rehabilitation. The decannulated group was assessed nine days earlier than the non-decannulated group. Other significant differences included the removal of the alternate feeding method (72.0% of decannulated patients vs. 5.1% of non-decannulated patients) and the reintroduction of oral feeding (96.0% of decannulated patients vs. 41.0% of non-decannulated patients) and functional swallowing level at patient disclosure. The non-decannulated patient group presented higher death rates at disclosure. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the following parameters were associated with a successful decannulation process: early swallowing assessment, swallowing rehabilitation, and improvement in the swallowing functional level during the hospital stay. The maintenance of low swallowing functional levels was found to be negatively associated with successful decannulation. HIGHLIGHTS Deccanulation indicators were investigated in patients who were submitted to a tracheostomy procedure. Early swallowing evaluation and rehabilitation were associated with a successful decannulation process. Low swallowing functional levels were negatively associated with the success of decannulation.