RESUMO
We developed a forced non-electric-shock running wheel (FNESRW) system that provides rats with high-intensity exercise training using automatic exercise training patterns that are controlled by a microcontroller. The proposed system successfully makes a breakthrough in the traditional motorized running wheel to allow rats to perform high-intensity training and to enable comparisons with the treadmill at the same exercise intensity without any electric shock. A polyvinyl chloride runway with a rough rubber surface was coated on the periphery of the wheel so as to permit automatic acceleration training, and which allowed the rats to run consistently at high speeds (30 m/min for 1 h). An animal ischemic stroke model was used to validate the proposed system. FNESRW, treadmill, control, and sham groups were studied. The FNESRW and treadmill groups underwent 3 weeks of endurance running training. After 3 weeks, the experiments of middle cerebral artery occlusion, the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), an inclined plane test, and triphenyltetrazolium chloride were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed platform. The proposed platform showed that enhancement of motor function, mNSS, and infarct volumes was significantly stronger in the FNESRW group than the control group (P<0.05) and similar to the treadmill group. The experimental data demonstrated that the proposed platform can be applied to test the benefit of exercise-preconditioning-induced neuroprotection using the animal stroke model. Additional advantages of the FNESRW system include stand-alone capability, independence of subjective human adjustment, and ease of use.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/prevenção & controle , Esforço Físico , Condicionamento Físico Animal/instrumentação , Calibragem , Infarto Cerebral/patologia , Infarto Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Desenho de Equipamento , Invenções , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/patologia , Resistência Física , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Software , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We developed a forced non-electric-shock running wheel (FNESRW) system that provides rats with high-intensity exercise training using automatic exercise training patterns that are controlled by a microcontroller. The proposed system successfully makes a breakthrough in the traditional motorized running wheel to allow rats to perform high-intensity training and to enable comparisons with the treadmill at the same exercise intensity without any electric shock. A polyvinyl chloride runway with a rough rubber surface was coated on the periphery of the wheel so as to permit automatic acceleration training, and which allowed the rats to run consistently at high speeds (30 m/min for 1 h). An animal ischemic stroke model was used to validate the proposed system. FNESRW, treadmill, control, and sham groups were studied. The FNESRW and treadmill groups underwent 3 weeks of endurance running training. After 3 weeks, the experiments of middle cerebral artery occlusion, the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), an inclined plane test, and triphenyltetrazolium chloride were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed platform. The proposed platform showed that enhancement of motor function, mNSS, and infarct volumes was significantly stronger in the FNESRW group than the control group (P<0.05) and similar to the treadmill group. The experimental data demonstrated that the proposed platform can be applied to test the benefit of exercise-preconditioning-induced neuroprotection using the animal stroke model. Additional advantages of the FNESRW system include stand-alone capability, independence of subjective human adjustment, and ease of use.
Assuntos
Teste de Esforço/métodos , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/prevenção & controle , Condicionamento Físico Animal/instrumentação , Esforço Físico , Animais , Calibragem , Infarto Cerebral/patologia , Infarto Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Desenho de Equipamento , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/patologia , Invenções , Masculino , Resistência Física , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Software , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Síndrome da Alça Aferente/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Síndrome da Alça Aferente/cirurgia , Idoso , Gastrectomia/métodos , Gastroenterostomia/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to analyze the possible influence of the TNF and LTA loci polymorphisms on the susceptibility/resistance to endemic pemphigus foliaceus, also named fogo selvagem (FS), an autoimmune disease characterized by blisters due to acantholysis of the superficial-most epidermal cells. Autoantibodies, mainly of the IgG4 subclass, are directed against a desmosomal glycoprotein known as desmoglein 1. FS shares clinical, histological and immunological features with nonendemic pemphigus foliaceus. Most residents of the endemic regions do not develop the disease, and familial clustering has been documented, suggesting that host factors play a role in susceptibility. In fact, strong positive and negative associations with HLA class II genes have been reported. The TNF and LTA genes are located in the class III region of the Human Major Histocompatibility Complex. Their location, the function of their products, which are cytokines and pluripotent immunomodulators, as well as their genetic variability make them candidate genes for complex diseases with an altered immune response. A total of 162 patients and 191 controls were enrolled in this study. No significant associations were found with any one of the three LTA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) analyzed (at nucleotides 249, 365, 720), nor with the TNF SNP located at positions -863 and -308. The frequency of allele TNF*238A was slightly decreased in patients (OR = 0.45). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that genetic variability of the TNF and LTA genes does not play a major role in susceptibility/resistance to pemphigus foliaceus.
Assuntos
Linfotoxina-alfa/genética , Pênfigo/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Alelos , Frequência do Gene , Haplótipos , Heterozigoto , HumanosRESUMO
The crystalline compound produced in large quantity in liquid medium by Aspergillus parasiticus UNBF A12, a high aflatoxin-producing strain isolated from the air in the Federal District of Brazil, was identified as kojic acid. The effect of pH on the production of crystalline kojic acid and aflatoxins by the strain was studied. Fourteen single spore isolates were evaluated for their capacity to produce kojic acid crystals and aflatoxins.