RESUMO
Euroleon coreanus (Okamoto) is widely distributed in China, and the larval stage can be treated as traditional Chinese medicine. However, the host-bacterium relationship remains unexplored, as there is a lack of knowledge on the microbial community of ant lions. Hence, in the current study, we explored the microbial community of the larval ant lion E. coreanus using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Results indicated that a total of 10 phyla, 126 genera, and 145 species were characterized from the second instars of E. coreanus, and most of the microbes were classified in the phylum Proteobacteria. Cronobacter muytjensii was the most abundant species characterized in the whole body and gut of E. coreanus, and the unclassified species in the genera Brevundimonas and Lactobacillus were relatively more abundant in the head and carcass. In addition, no Wolbachia-like bacteria were detected, whereas bacteria like Francisella tularensis subsp. Holarctica OSU18 and unclassified Rickettsiella were first identified in ant lion E. coreanus.
Assuntos
Insetos/microbiologia , Animais , Bactérias , China , Larva/microbiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study seeks to evaluate the natural history, outcome, and possible prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases derived from gastrointestinal cancers. METHODS: The clinical features, prognostic factors, and the effects of different treatment modalities on survival were retrospectively investigated in 103 patients with brain metastases derived from gastrointestinal cancers. RESULTS: The median time from diagnosis of primary tumor to brain metastasis was 22.00 months. The interval between diagnosis of primary tumor relapse and brain metastasis was 8.00 months. The median follow-up time was 7.80 months. The median survival time after diagnosis of brain metastases was 4.10 months for all patients and 1.17 months for patients who received only steroids (36.9 %), 3.97 months for patients who only received whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT 31.1 %), 11.07 months for patients who received gamma-knife surgery alone or/and WBRT (20.4 %), and 13.70 months for patients who underwent surgery and radiotherapy (12 patients, 11.6 %) (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class, extracranial metastasis, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors. Brain metastasis derived from gastrointestinal tract cancer is rare, and overall patient survival is poor. CONCLUSION: RPA class, chemotherapy after brain metastases, and treatment regimens were independent prognostic factors for the survival of patients with brain metastases derived from gastrointestinal cancers.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundário , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias Encefálicas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Irradiação Craniana , Feminino , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Radiocirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
To explore the potential cause of colorectal cancer metastasis, gene expression profiles, GSE21510, and miRNA expression profiles, GSE48074, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes in metastatic colorectal and non metastatic colorectal cancer compared with the normal samples were identified via the limma package in R. The differentially expressed miRNAs in colorectal cancer samples with lymph node metastasis compared with those without lymph node metastasis were screened out by the some method. Differentially expressed genes that were upregulated in colorectal cancer samples with distant metastasis in comparison to that in samples without distant metastasis and normal samples were considered to play important roles in colorectal cancer metastasis. Functional enrichment analysis of these genes was conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery v6.7. Biological processes related to cell differentiation and cell proliferation were significantly enriched. TF (transcription factor)-miRNA-mRNA regulation loops were constructed by using the starBase and ChIPBase databases. Finally, six critical regulation loops were screened out. They were composed of two TFs, two miRNAs, and three mRNAs. Some of these TFs, mRNAs, or miRNAs have previously been identified as critical targets in colorectal cancer metastasis. Additionally, several new targets were identified in our study, which may be helpful to improve metastatic colorectal cancer treatment.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , MicroRNAs/biossíntese , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , Fatores de Transcrição/biossíntese , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , MicroRNAs/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genéticaRESUMO
Germline mutations in patients with hemophilia B generally have arisen within the past 150 years. Evidence suggests that these germline mutations generally result from endogenous processes. However, a unique pattern would be expected if a population were exposed to a physiologically important germline mutagen since mutagens generally produce characteristic patterns, or "fingerprints", of mutation. To determine the pattern of mutation in Mexican Hispanics, the regions of likely functional significance in the factor IX gene were screened by dideoxy fingerprinting (ddF) in 31 families with hemophilia B. Mutations were found in 30 of these families. Haplotype analysis was performed on individuals with identical mutations to help distinguish independent, recurrent mutations from founder effects. Analysis of these 30 mutations, along with 7 mutations reported previously in Mexican Hispanic families, reveals a pattern of independent mutation that is similar to the pattern of mutation observed in 127 U.S. Caucasian families (p = 0.89). These results may reflect either an underlying pattern of germline mutation due to endogenous processes or the presence of an ubiquitous mutagen. Further analyses of the recurrent mutations revealed that two mutations, T296M and R248Q, accounted for 19% of the mutations found in the Mexicans. Haplotype data suggest that the multiple occurrences of T296M and R248Q are associated with founder effects and that screening for these mutations may allow rapid mutation detection and carrier diagnosis in a significant minority of Mexican families with hemophilia B, These two mutations also are associated with founder effects in the U.S, Caucasian population. However, the haplotypes are different in these two populations, indicating independent origins. The occurrence of identical founder mutations in distinct populations provides evidence for the previous hypothesis that the number of different mutations giving rise to mild or borderline mild/moderate hemophilia B is small compared to deleterious mutations causing more severe disease.
Assuntos
Fator IX/genética , Efeito Fundador , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Hemofilia B/genética , Feminino , Haplótipos , Hemofilia B/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , População Branca/genéticaRESUMO
beta-Thalassemia is a common disease in Southern China and 10 different mutations or frameshifts are responsible for most types of beta-thalassemia in this area. We studied 126 chromosomes of 80 beta-thalassemia patients from the Guangxi, Guangdong, and Sichuan Provinces using the polymerase chain reaction followed by dot-blot hybridization with specific oligonucleotide probes. The most common mutation in the three provinces is the frameshift at codons 41-42, followed by the A----T mutation at codon 17. The A----G mutation at nt -29 of the promoter is common in Sichuan but not in the other two provinces. Three mutations (T----C at nt -30; G----T at IVS-I-1, and G----C at IVS-I-5) were not observed. These data were used to initiate a prenatal diagnosis program using the same techniques for identification. Eleven fetuses at risk for beta-thalassemia have been diagnosed.