RESUMO
Lipid metabolism dysfunction is closely related to obesity, inflammation, diabetes, lipodystrophy, cardiovascular disease. Along with having a positive effect on energy homeostasis during fasting or prolonged exercise through mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO), more than two dozen enzymes and transport proteins are involved in the activation and transport of fatty acids into the mitochondrial, providing insights into their critical roles in metabolism. CPT1A has been reported to be expressed ubiquitously in the body and associated with dire consequences affecting fat deposition as the key rate-limiting enzyme of FAO. However, there is a dearth of data on the specific role of CPT1A on adipogenic differentiation and adipocyte lipolysis on chicken. This study assessed CPT1A's function in adipocyte differentiation andadipocyte lipolysis, and the mechanisms were investigated. We found that CPT1A knockdown (KD) promotes the differentiation of chicken preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. CPT1A KD increased PPARγ protein expression level. Expression levels of lipid synthesis-related genes were increased, and lipolysis genes were reduced. Also, CPT1A KD can encourage the formation of lipid droplets. So our results confirmed that knockdown of CPT1A induced the lipid differentiation and inhibited the ß-oxidation process to promote the formation of lipid droplets. These findings may deepen our understanding on CPT1A function, especially its regulatory role in adipocyte biology.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Carnitina O-Palmitoiltransferase , Galinhas/fisiologia , Adipócitos/classificação , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a crucial parameter for estimating meat quality. Growing evidence indicates that gene regulation plays an important role in IMF deposition. This study aimed to determine the function of Mfsd2a in chicken intramuscular preadipocytes. In the present study, high Mfsd2a mRNA levels were observed in the liver and adipose tissues of broilers. Subsequently, we synthesized small interfering RNAs to silence the expression of Mfsd2a in chicken intramuscular preadipocytes. The following results suggested that CDK2, PCNA, CCND1, CCND2 and MKI67 were inhibited, with CCK-8 and EdU assays revealing that cell proliferation was inhibited. Scratch test showed that cell migration ratios were declined. We also found that Mfsd2a silencing decreased the mRNA levels of PPARγ, RXRG and their target genes. The similar results were found in some key genes that contribute to lipid synthesis, including C/EBPα, C/EBPß, FABP4, FASN, ACACA and ACSL1. Finally, Oil red O staining showed that IMF accumulation was blocked after Mfsd2a silencing. In conclusion, our results implied that Mfsd2a promotes the proliferation and migration of chicken intramuscular preadipocytes, as well as the differentiation and adipogenesis through PPARγ signaling pathway, which may provide a potential target to improve chicken meat quality.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação , Adipogenia , SimportadoresRESUMO
Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. In order to investigate whether there is a correlation between MSTN polymorphisms and chicken production performance, in this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MSTN gene were examined across 180 Daheng broilers by direct sequencing of PCR product, and the correlations between the genotype and body weight at the age of 1-10 weeks and carcass traits at the age of 73 day were analyzed. Five SNPs (rs313622770, rs313744840, rs316247861, rs314431084, rs317126751) of MSTN gene were identified across Daheng broiler samples, and four haplotypes were reconstructed based on the five SNPs. Results of association analysis showed that four (rs313622770, rs313744840, rs316247861 and rs317126751) of these SNPs had significant association with some growth traits (p 0.05), but there were no significant effect on carcass traits and the four SNPs were strong linkage. For rs314431084, there was no significant correlation between different genotypes and growth or carcass traits. The AA genotype of rs313622770, GG genotype of rs313744840, CC genotype of rs316247861, TT genotype of rs317126751 were good for chicken growth. Diplotypes were significantly associated with chest muscle and leg muscle weight (p 0.05). Overall, these results provide evidence that polymorphisms in MSTN gene are associated with growth traits in chicken. The SNPs in MSTN gene could be utilized as potential markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) during chicken breeding.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/metabolismo , Miostatina , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/veterinária , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. In order to investigate whether there is a correlation between MSTN polymorphisms and chicken production performance, in this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MSTN gene were examined across 180 Daheng broilers by direct sequencing of PCR product, and the correlations between the genotype and body weight at the age of 1-10 weeks and carcass traits at the age of 73 day were analyzed. Five SNPs (rs313622770, rs313744840, rs316247861, rs314431084, rs317126751) of MSTN gene were identified across Daheng broiler samples, and four haplotypes were reconstructed based on the five SNPs. Results of association analysis showed that four (rs313622770, rs313744840, rs316247861 and rs317126751) of these SNPs had significant association with some growth traits (p 0.05), but there were no significant effect on carcass traits and the four SNPs were strong linkage. For rs314431084, there was no significant correlation between different genotypes and growth or carcass traits. The AA genotype of rs313622770, GG genotype of rs313744840, CC genotype of rs316247861, TT genotype of rs317126751 were good for chicken growth. Diplotypes were significantly associated with chest muscle and leg muscle weight (p 0.05). Overall, these results provide evidence that polymorphisms in MSTN gene are associated with growth traits in chicken. The SNPs in MSTN gene could be utilized as potential markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) during chicken breeding.
Assuntos
Animais , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/veterinária , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/metabolismo , Miostatina , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
ABSTRACT A complete linkage disequilibrium between the SNP (SNP B) in BCDO2 gene and the yellow skin phenotype in European domestic chicken has been reported. Here, we genotyped the reported SNPs (SNP A, SNP B, and SNP C) of the BCDO2 gene in 183 Chinese Indigenous chickens from 11 breeds/populations, including 57 yellow, 17 white, and 109 black skin chickens. The frequency of all three SNPs were significantly different between yellow and white skin chickens (p 0.01). In black skin chickens, a high frequency of the heterozygous genotype (AG) in SNP A (0.51) and SNP B (0.48) was observed. A total of three haplotypes (AAA, AGA, and GAA) from these three SNPs were obtained. Frequencies of the proposed yellow skin-associated haplotype AGA in yellow skin, white skin, and black skin chickens were 0.81, 0.35, and 0.56, respectively. The results showed that the yellow skin phenotype of the evaluated birds has not been under selection, and that the BCDO2 gene in black skin chickens, evolutionally may undergo a transition phase from yellow to white skin chicken. We concluded that, the SNPs of BCDO2 gene not only can be used to determine whether the chicken was subjected to selection, but may also be used as a marker when selecting for the preferred skin color in chicken breeding programs.
Assuntos
Animais , Aves Domésticas/anatomia & histologia , Aves Domésticas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genéticaRESUMO
ABSTRACT A complete linkage disequilibrium between the SNP (SNP B) in BCDO2 gene and the yellow skin phenotype in European domestic chicken has been reported. Here, we genotyped the reported SNPs (SNP A, SNP B, and SNP C) of the BCDO2 gene in 183 Chinese Indigenous chickens from 11 breeds/populations, including 57 yellow, 17 white, and 109 black skin chickens. The frequency of all three SNPs were significantly different between yellow and white skin chickens (p 0.01). In black skin chickens, a high frequency of the heterozygous genotype (AG) in SNP A (0.51) and SNP B (0.48) was observed. A total of three haplotypes (AAA, AGA, and GAA) from these three SNPs were obtained. Frequencies of the proposed yellow skin-associated haplotype AGA in yellow skin, white skin, and black skin chickens were 0.81, 0.35, and 0.56, respectively. The results showed that the yellow skin phenotype of the evaluated birds has not been under selection, and that the BCDO2 gene in black skin chickens, evolutionally may undergo a transition phase from yellow to white skin chicken. We concluded that, the SNPs of BCDO2 gene not only can be used to determine whether the chicken was subjected to selection, but may also be used as a marker when selecting for the preferred skin color in chicken breeding programs.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Aves Domésticas/anatomia & histologia , Aves Domésticas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genéticaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of endoscopy to remove keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs) with virtual 3D mandibular images. Fifteen patients (mean age, 40.27±14.58 years) who underwent endoscopic mandibular KCOT enucleation between May 2009 and October 2009 were included. Virtual 3D mandibular reconstructions derived from computed tomography (CT) imaging were generated for all patients. Recurrence and pathological fracture were evaluated as the primary outcome variables at 1 and 12 months after operation. Secondary infection and inferior alveolar nerve injury were evaluated as the secondary outcome variables at 1 and 6 months after operation. None of the 15 patients exhibited signs of recurrence or pathological fracture after operation. During long-term follow-up, no symptoms of inferior alveolar nerve injury or secondary infection were observed and no signs of recurrence were found in any of the patients. Endoscopy helps surgeons to remove mandibular KCOTs with small incisions. Moreover, endoscopy can provide clear and magnified views and help to avoid damage to the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle. Therefore, under the support of preoperative virtual 3D mandibular images, the application of endoscopy to remove the tumors should be considered to be a treatment option for KCOTs.
Assuntos
Endoscopia/métodos , Neoplasias Mandibulares/cirurgia , Cistos Odontogênicos/cirurgia , Tumores Odontogênicos/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a crucial adaptor molecule of the interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor (IL-1/TLR) superfamily, which can trigger downstream signaling cascades involved in innate immunity. The function of TRAF6 has been clarified in mammals but is poorly understood in chicken. In our study, we investigated TRAF6 function in birds, particularly in chicken innate immune responses, by cloning and characterizing chicken TRAF6 (chTRAF6). The full-length coding sequence of chTRAF6 comprised 1638 bp and encoded a 545-amino acid protein, which shares high sequence similarity with TRAF6 of other species and consists of four structurally conserved domains. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that chTRAF6 was widely expressed in all tested tissues and its expression was induced in chicken embryo fibroblast cells treated with poly(I:C) and poly(dA:dT). Increased expression of chTRAF6 was observed both in vitro and in vivo following infection with Newcastle disease virus in chickens. Taken together, these results suggest that chTRAF6 plays a vital role in host defense against viral infection in chicken.
Assuntos
Proteínas Aviárias/genética , Galinhas/genética , Fator 6 Associado a Receptor de TNF/genética , Animais , Proteínas Aviárias/química , Proteínas Aviárias/metabolismo , Galinhas/imunologia , Galinhas/metabolismo , Resistência à Doença/genética , Resistência à Doença/imunologia , Expressão Gênica , Imunidade Inata/genética , Domínios e Motivos de Interação entre Proteínas , Transdução de Sinais , Fator 6 Associado a Receptor de TNF/química , Fator 6 Associado a Receptor de TNF/metabolismoRESUMO
The sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 gene (SREBF2) plays an important role in regulating lipid homeostasis. To reveal the genetic factors that underlie carcass fat deposition in chickens, we cloned the coding DNA sequence of chicken SREBF2, investigated SREBF2 mRNA expression levels in various tissues, detected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the exon regions of the gene, and conducted association analyses between single markers/haplotypes and carcass traits. The entire 2859-bp cDNA sequence of chicken SREBF2 that encoded 952 amino acids was obtained and characterized. SREBF2 mRNA was highly expressed in the uropygial gland, followed by the liver, breast muscle, and leg muscle. Ten SNPs were detected, and four (g.49363077T>A, g.49357503C>T, g.49355533G>A, and g.49354641G>A) were novel. When analyzing the associations between the single mutations and carcass traits, significant differences were found in three SNPs and g.49357915G>A was highly significantly associated with most carcass traits, except for abdominal fat weight and sebum thickness. In addition, haplotype combinations that were constructed using the SREBF2 SNPs were associated with breast muscle weight. Chickens with the combined genotype H21H21 had the highest live weight, carcass weight, eviscerated weight, and semi-eviscerated weight values. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted on chicken SREBF2 polymorphisms, which are predictive of the genetics that underlie the economic performance of chickens.
Assuntos
Proteínas Aviárias/genética , Galinhas/genética , Carne , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 2/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Proteínas Aviárias/metabolismo , Sequência de Bases , Peso Corporal , Cruzamento , Galinhas/metabolismo , Clonagem Molecular , Expressão Gênica , Marcadores Genéticos , Haplótipos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 2/metabolismoRESUMO
Orinus is an alpine endemic genus of Poaceae. Because of the imperfect specimens, high level of intraspecific morphological variability, and homoplasies of morphological characters, it is relatively difficult to delimitate species of Orinus by using morphology alone. To this end, the DNA barcoding has shown great potential in identifying species. The present study is the first attempt to test the feasibility of four proposed DNA barcoding markers (matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA, and ITS) in identifying four currently revised species of Orinus from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Among all the single-barcode candidates, the differentiation power was the highest for the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS), while the chloroplast barcodes matK (M), rbcL (R), and trnH-psbA (H) could not identify the species. Meanwhile, the differentiation efficiency of the nuclear ITS (I) was also higher than any two- or three-locus combination of chloroplast barcodes, or even a combination of ITS and any chloroplast barcode except H + I and R + I. All the combinations of chloroplast barcodes plus the nuclear ITS, H + I, and R + I differentiated the highest portion of species. The highest differentiation rate for the barcodes or barcode combinations examined here was 100% (H + I and R + I). In summary, this case study showed that the nuclear ITS region represents a more promising barcode than any maternally inherited chloroplast region or combination of chloroplast regions in differentiating Orinus species from the QTP. Moreover, combining the ITS region with chloroplast regions may improve the barcoding success rate.