RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Though a few studies in animal models suggest that intestinal helminths (IH) favorably affect evolution of gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) the studies supporting this concept in humans are only a few and are based on serological data. METHODS: To evaluate the possible influence of IH on the human gastric mucosa, three groups of Venezuelan adults with gastropathy (endoscopically diagnosed) were studied: H. pylori-/IH- (n = 17), H. pylori+/IH- (n = 18), and H. pylori+/IH+ (n = 11). Histological analysis (hematoxylin-eosin) and immunohistochemical staining (peroxidase) for cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and interleukin 4 (IL-4) were undertaken in gastric antral biopsies. RESULTS: Expression of the four cytokines was detected in all individuals in varying degrees, but proinflammatory cytokines were expressed in a higher degree in the H. pylori+/IH- group, mainly IL-1ß (Th1-dominant immune response), associated with a higher degree of both histological inflammation and gastric cancer risk index (GCRI), as compared to the H. pylori-/IH- group. In contrast, an increased expression of IL-4 and a reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (Th2-dominant response), plus the tendency to a lower degree of mononuclear infiltration, mucosal atrophy in gastric corpus, and GCRI, were evidenced in the coinfected group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study is perhaps the first histological evidence of a possible modulatory effect of IH on the gastric mucosal inflammatory response due to H. pylori infection in humans.
Assuntos
Coinfecção/metabolismo , Coinfecção/patologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Gastrite/microbiologia , Gastrite/patologia , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Enteropatias Parasitárias/metabolismo , Enteropatias Parasitárias/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Atrofia , Coinfecção/imunologia , Feminino , Mucosa Gástrica/imunologia , Gastrite/imunologia , Gastrite/metabolismo , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Enteropatias Parasitárias/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
La diabetes mellitus se ha asociado con la presencia de algunos tipos de cáncer del tracto digestivo, sobre todo en los últimos años se ha relacionado con el cáncer de hígado, el páncreas y las vías biliares. Es por ello que se realizó el presente estudio retrospectivo con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia del cáncer hepatobiliopancreático y su asociación con la presencia de diabetes en pacientes del Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo durante el periodo 2006-2012. Noventa y siete casos fueron registrados; con diagnóstico de neoplasias hepáticas malignas primarias (hepatocarcinoma-colangiocarcinoma intrahepático) 26,8%, Colangiocarcinomas extrahepáticos distales 21,6%, tumor de Klatskin 16,5%, cáncer de páncreas 10,3%, tumor periampular 5,2% y tumor de vesícula biliar 5,2%. En los pacientes diabéticos los tumores más frecuentes fueron el cáncer de páncreas y neoplasias hepáticas malignas primarias (94,8%, p<0,01). No se observó en el resto de los pacientes estudiados asociación significativa entre el diagnóstico de cáncer con la presencia de diabetes. Se necesitan estudios prospectivos con el fin de establecer los factores que pudieran influir en la génesis del cáncer en los pacientes diabéticos, tales como el tipo de tratamiento, alteraciones metabólicas y otros factores inflamatorios que pudiesen estar involucrados.
Diabetes mellitus has been associated with the presence of some types of cancer of the digestive tract, especially in recent years has been linked to cancer of the liver, pancreas and bile ducts. That is why we undertook the present retrospective study in order to determine the frequency of hepatobiliopancreatic cancer and its association with the presence of diabetes in patients at Maracaibo University Hospital during the period 2006-2012. 97 cases were reported, with a diagnosis of primary hepatic malignancies (hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma) 26.8% 21.6% distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, Klatskin tumor 16.5% 10.3% pancreatic cancer, tumor periampullar 5,2% and gallbladder tumor 5.2%. In diabetic patients, the most common tumors were pancreatic cancer and primary hepatic malignancies (94.8%, p<0,01). It was not observed in the rest of the patients significant association between cancer diagnosis and the presence of diabetes. Prospective studies are needed in order to establish the factors that may influence the genesis of cancer in diabetic patients, such as the type of treatment, metabolic and inflammatory factors that may be involved.
RESUMO
Introducción: La tasa de resangrado en hemorragia digestiva alta no variceal continúa siendo elevada. Objetivo: identificar los predictores de falla terapéutica endoscópica en adultos con hemorragia digestiva alta recurrente no variceal atendidos en el Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo entre enero, 2006 y diciembre, 2010 que ameritaron una segunda endoscopia. Materiales y Métodos: estudio retrospectivo y transversal. La muestra fue dividida en grupo A (resangró) y B (no resangró). Resultados: del total de 380 casos que recibieron terapia inicial, 271 úlceras (71,3% p<0,0001) representaron el tipo de lesión más frecuente, correspondiendo con los 24 casos que resangraron (6,31%). Las lesiones que resangraron se ubicaron en segunda porción de duodeno (20,8%), fundus gástrico (16,6%) y cara posterior de bulbo duodenal (12,5%). De éstas, 11 fueron úlceras (54,5% duodenales vs 45,4% gástricas), tipo Forrest IA, IB y IIA (p<0,03), con vaso expuesto >2mm (media 5mm, DE±3mm). Conclusión: los predictores de falla terapéutica endoscópica (úlcera ≥2cms, ubicación en cara posterior de bulbo duodenal, Forrest IA, IB y IIA, y terapia endoscópica aplicada durante el primer episodio de sangrado) contribuyen de manera independiente al aumento del riesgo del resangrado.
Introduction: Rebleedings rate in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding remains high. Aim: Identify predictors of endoscopic therapy failure in adult patients with recurrent non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding treated at the Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo between January, 2006 and December, 2010 that required a second endoscopy. Methods: a retrospective and cross sectional study. The sample was divided into Group A (with rebleeding) and Group B (without rebleeding). Results: of the 380 cases who received therapy during the first endoscopy, 271 ulcers (71,3% p <0,0001) represented the most frequent type of injury, being consistent with the 24 cases that rebleed (6,31%). Rebleeding lesions were located in second portion of duodenum (20,8%), gastric fundus (16,6%) and posterior duodenal bulb (12,5%). Meanwhile, the rebleeding ulcers (n=11), were duodenal 54,5% vs gastric 45,4%, classified as Forrest IA, IB and IIA (p <0,03), with exposed vessel >2mm. Conclusions: the predictors of endoscopic therapy failure in our location are similar to those established (ulcer size ≥2cms, placed on posterior duodenal bulb, Forrest IA, IB and IIA, and endoscopic therapy applied during the first episode) and contribute independently to increased risk of rebleeding despite applying the recommended therapeutic.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Notificação de Reações Adversas a Medicamentos/organização & administração , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/epidemiologia , Comportamento Cooperativo , Bases de Dados Factuais , Cooperação Internacional , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/diagnóstico , Humanos , Incidência , Objetivos Organizacionais , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Sistema de Registros , América do Sul/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
CONTEXT: The correct diagnosis and effective treatment of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection are essential in controlling this infection. OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic value of three tests based in endoscopic gastric biopsies histopathological evaluation with hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining, urease rapid test and microbiological culture for detecting Helicobacter pylori active infection, in order to make recommendations for daily clinical practice. METHODS: Gastric biopsies from 115 adult patients (85 female/30 male) were obtained by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and studied by histopathological evaluation with H-E (antrum-corpus), urease test in 2 hours (antrum) and microbiological culture (antrum). RESULTS: Helicobacter pylori active infection was diagnosed in 67% of patients. Helicobacter pylori active infection was detected by histopathological evaluation with H-E, urease test and microbiological culture in 87%, 79% and 70% of the positive cases, respectively. There were significant differences when histopathological evaluation with H-E and urease test rapid test when compared with microbiological test (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between histopathological evaluation with H-E and urease test (P = 0.7). The kappa index of agreement for histopathological evaluation with H-E/urease test was 0.56, histopathological evaluation with H-E/microbiological culture 0.6, and urease test/microbiological culture 0.64. CONCLUSIONS: In a hospital setting like the one studied, histopathological evaluation with H-E and urease test are the most recommended tests for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori active infection based in endoscopic biopsies. If pathological information of gastric lesions will be required, histopathological evaluation with H-E is essential. Urease test is mandatory if a prompt diagnosis is necessary. Microbiological culture can be used in cases of persistent or complicated infection, which may require studies on Helicobacter virulence or antimicrobial susceptibility. Selected cases might demand a combination of several tests. The three tests exhibit a good concordance level for Helicobacter pylori active infection diagnosis.
Assuntos
Biópsia/métodos , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Urease , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Feminino , Helicobacter pylori/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Antro Pilórico/microbiologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
CONTEXT: The correct diagnosis and effective treatment of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection are essential in controlling this infection. OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic value of three tests based in endoscopic gastric biopsies histopathological evaluation with hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining, urease rapid test and microbiological culture for detecting Helicobacter pylori active infection, in order to make recommendations for daily clinical practice. METHODS: Gastric biopsies from 115 adult patients (85 female/30 male) were obtained by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and studied by histopathological evaluation with H-E (antrum-corpus), urease test in 2 hours (antrum) and microbiological culture (antrum). RESULTS: Helicobacter pylori active infection was diagnosed in 67 percent of patients. Helicobacter pylori active infection was detected by histopathological evaluation with H-E, urease test and microbiological culture in 87 percent, 79 percent and 70 percent of the positive cases, respectively. There were significant differences when histopathological evaluation with H-E and urease test rapid test when compared with microbiological test (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between histopathological evaluation with H-E and urease test (P = 0.7). The kappa index of agreement for histopathological evaluation with H-E/urease test was 0.56, histopathological evaluation with H-E/microbiological culture 0.6, and urease test/microbiological culture 0.64. CONCLUSIONS: In a hospital setting like the one studied, histopathological evaluation with H-E and urease test are the most recommended tests for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori active infection based in endoscopic biopsies. If pathological information of gastric lesions will be required, histopathological evaluation with H-E is essential. Urease test is mandatory if a prompt diagnosis is necessary. Microbiological culture can be used in cases of persistent or complicated infection, which may require studies on Helicobacter virulence or antimicrobial susceptibility. Selected cases might demand a combination of several tests. The three tests exhibit a good concordance level for Helicobacter pylori active infection diagnosis.
CONTEXTO: O diagnóstico correto e o tratamento eficaz da infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori são essenciais no controle desta infecção. OBJETIVO: Comparar o valor de três testes de diagnóstico baseado em biopsias gástricas endoscópicas: avaliação histopatológica com hematoxilina-eosina (H-E), teste da urease e cultura microbiológica para a detecção da infecção ativa pelo H. pylori, com a finalidade de recomendações para a clínica diária prática. MÉTODOS: Biopsias gástricas de 115 pacientes (85 mulheres e 30 homens) foram obtidas por endoscopia digestiva alta e estudadas por avaliação histopatológica com H-E (antro-corpo), teste de urease em 2 horas (antro) e cultura microbiológica (antro). RESULTADOS: Infecção ativa pelo H. pylori foi diagnosticada em 67 por cento dos pacientes e detectada pela avaliação histopatológica com H-E, pelo teste de urease e pela cultura microbiológica em 87 por cento, 79 por cento e 70 por cento dos casos positivos, respectivamente. Houve diferenças significativas quando a avaliação histopatológica com H-E e o teste rápido de urease quando comparadas com a cultura microbiológica (P<0,01). Não houve diferença significativa entre a avaliação histopatológica com H-E e o teste de urease (P = 0,7). O índice kappa para avaliação histopatológica com H-E/teste de urease foi de 0,56, avaliação histopatológica com H-E/cultura microbiológica 0,6, e teste de urease/cultura microbiológica 0,64. CONCLUSÕES: Em condições similares ao estudado, avaliação histopatológica com H-E e teste de urease são os testes mais recomendados para o diagnóstico de infecção ativa pelo H. pylori com base em biopsias endoscópicas. A avaliação histopatológica com H-E é essencial quando exigido o estudo de lesões gástricas. O teste de urease é obrigatório no caso de diagnóstico precoce rápido. A cultura microbiológica pode ser usada em casos de infecção persistente ou complicada, que podem exigir estudos sobre a virulência ou susceptibilidade do Helicobacter aos antimicrobianos. Os casos selecionados podem exigir a combinação de vários testes. Os três testes apresentam bom nível de concordância para o diagnóstico da infecção ativa pelo H. pylori.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Biópsia/métodos , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Urease , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Helicobacter pylori/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Antro Pilórico/microbiologia , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Latin America is characterized by ethnic, geographical, cultural, and economic diversity; therefore, training in gastroenterology in the region must be considered in this context. The continent's medical education is characterized by a lack of standards and the volume of research continues to be relatively small. There is a multiplicity of events in general gastroenterology and in sub-disciplines, both at regional and local levels, which ensure that many colleagues have access to information. Medical education programs must be based on a clinical vision and be considered in close contact with the patients. The programs should be properly supervised, appropriately defined, and evaluated on a regular basis. The disparity between the patients' needs, the scarce resources available, and the pressures exerted by the health systems on doctors are frequent cited by those complaining of poor professionalism. Teaching development can play a critical role in ensuring the quality of teaching and learning in universities. Continuing professional development programs activities must be planned on the basis of the doctors' needs, with clearly defined objectives and using proper learning methodologies designed for adults. They must be evaluated and accredited by a competent body, so that they may become the basis of a professional regulatory system. The specialty has made progress in the last decades, offering doctors various possibilities for professional development. The world gastroenterology organization has contributed to the speciality through three distinctive, but closely inter-related, programs: Training Centers, Train-the-Trainers, and Global Guidelines, in which Latin America is deeply involved.
Assuntos
Educação Médica/normas , Gastroenterologia/educação , Educação Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , América LatinaRESUMO
Para diseñar programas eficientes de vacunación masiva, debemos conocer la prevalencia de infección por virus de Hepatitis B y C en la población de embarazadas. Dado que la data regional es escasa, llevamos a cabo un estudio prospectivo de determinación de AgHBs, antiHBc, anti-HBs y antiVHC. Se recolectaron muestras serológicas de 3.588 embarazadas en control pre-natal referidas al Laboratorio del Sistema Regional de Salud del Estado Zulia, independientemente de edad de gestación en el período Enero 2007-Diciembre 2008. Las muestras fueron procesadas por ELISA (TecnoSuma). Los casos positivos se refirieron a Hepatología del Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo. Se detectó AgHBs(+) 3 casos (0,08%) y la combinación AgHBs(-), antiHBc(+), antiHBs(+) que indica seroconversión adecuada en 69 casos (1,92%). Cinco casos (0.13%) se reportaron AgHBs (-), antiHBc(+), antiHBs(-). La mayoría no había tenido contacto con VHB, pero 7,24% de ellas (260 casos) habían sido vacunadas y tenían marcadores negativos. La prevalencia de Hepatitis B y C fue de 2.1% y 0,44% (16 casos) respectivamente. A pesar de la baja prevalencia, madres AgHBs+ tienen gran riesgo de trasmisión vertical y sus hijos se beneficiarían del despistaje para garantizarles inmunización activa y pasiva inmediatamente después del parto...
In order to design adequate vaccination programs it is necessary to known the Hepatitis B and C virus infection prevalence among pregnant women. Given our poor regional data, we conducted a prospective study for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs y anti-HCV seropositivity. Serological samples from 3.588 pregnant women no matter gestational age, referred to the Pre-birth Control Consult at the Regional System of Health in Zulia State, between January 2007 and December 2008. Samples were processed by ELISA (TecnoSuma). Positive cases were referred to the Hepatology consult at the Maracaibo University Hospital. HBsAg prevalence was 0.08% (3 cases). We found 1, 92% prevalence (69 cases) for HBsAg (-), antiHBc(+), AntiHBs(+), indicator of adequate seroconversion. Five cases (0, 13%) were reported as HBsAg (-), antiHBc(+), AntiHBs(-). Most women had not contact with HB virus but 260 cases (7, 24%) had received the vaccine and they had other negative markers. Hepatitis B prevalence was 2,1% and Hepatitis C prevalence was 0,44% (16 cases). Despite low prevalence, mothers HBsAg+ have great risk to infection vertical transmission to their child and they will be beneficiated from the HBV screening in order to receive immediate active and passive immunization after delivery...
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Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Hepacivirus/isolamento & purificação , Biomarcadores/química , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Vírus da Hepatite B/isolamento & purificação , Infectologia , VirologiaRESUMO
Caracterizar la utilidad de la Videocápsula Endoscópica de Intestino Delgado (VCE-ID) para diagnosticar enteropatías en pacientes del Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo (SG-HUM). Se revisaron retrospectivamente, 14 casos estudiados mediante VCE-ID, entre diciembre 2008 y mayo 2009. 8 femeninos, 6 masculinos; 13-63 años (X + 1DE: 42,9 + 15,8 años). Indicaciones para la VCEID: Diarrea crónica (DC) (3), Síndrome de Malabsorción Intestinal (SMI) (3), Angiodisplasia duodenal y/o colónica (ADDC) (3), Anemia y Hemorragia de Origen Oscuro (AHDOO) (3), sospecha de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal (1) y Anemia Crónica (1). Hallazgos más frecuentes: malformaciones vasculares, puntillado blanquecino, atrofia y cicatrices lineales, erosiones y mucosa intestinal normal; lesiones extraintestinales: 50%; visualización subóptima (heces o sangre): 28,6%. La VCE-ID contribuyó a esclarecer el diagnóstico en 100% de los casos con DC, SMI, ADDC y de ADDID, y en un 66% de los casos con AHDOO. El resultado no fue concluyente en 14,3% del total de los casos. La VCE-ID fue una herramienta muy útil para el esclarecimiento de la etiología de los casos de DC, SMI y ADDC-ID en pacientes del SG-HUM. Sin embargo, esta técnica deberá ser complementada con otros recursos diagnósticos, en algunos casos en los cuales la visualización sea subóptima o el resultado no sea concluyente...
To characterize the utility of video capsule endoscopy for small intestine (VCE-SI) in the diagnosis of patients with enteropathy, from the Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo (GS-HUM). Fourteen cases studied by mean of VCE-SI were revised retrospectively, from December 2008 to May 2009. 8 females, 6 males; age: 13 to 63 (X + 1DE: 42,9 + 15,8 years). Indications for VCE-SI: Chronic diarrhea (CD) (3), intestinal malabsorption syndrome (IMS) (3), duodenal and/or colonic angiodysplasia (DCAD) (3), Anemia and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (AOGIB) (3), suspect of inflammatory intestinal disease (1) and chronic anemia without evident bleeding (1). More frequents findings were: vascular malformations, nodular whitish puncture over the mucous, atrophy and linear scars, erosions and normal intestinal mucosa; extraintestinal injuries: 50%; suboptimal visualization (feces or blood): 28,6%. VCE-SI was useful to elucidates the diagnosis in 100% of cases with CD, IMS or cases with DC, SMI y DCAD, and in 66% of cases with AOGIB. Results weren´t conclusive in 14,3% of cases. VCE-SI was a very useful tool for elucidation of etiologic diagnosis in cases of CD, IMS or DCAD in patients from GS-HUM. However, this technique should be complimented with another diagnostic resourses, in cases of suboptimal visualization or non conclusive findings...