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1.
Heliyon ; 10(15): e34828, 2024 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39144936

RESUMO

Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant global public health challenge, particularly in developing countries. Over the years, scientific research has played a pivotal role in addressing this disease. In this study, we aimed to analyze and outline the trends in scientific output on TB and identify research priorities in Latin America (LA) from 1990 to 2021. Scientific production was analyzed, and the number of publications, financing sources, and journal characteristics were evaluated. Collaboration networks and keywords were visualized using mapping analysis with VOSviewer software. Research themes were prioritized by country based on co-occurrence frequency. In total, 4399 documents were identified, a significant trend was evident in the number of publications per year (R2 = 0.981), and research substantially contributed to the reduction of TB-related mortality (R2 = -0.876). Most publications were original articles (83.8 %). The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease had the highest publication and citation rates per document. International collaboration was predominantly with the United States, France, and Canada. Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico had the highest number of publications and external collaborations. In LA, interest in researching studies related to treatment and diagnosis (32.5 %) was notably high, followed by epidemiology and screening (26.9 %). Among the 20 countries in LA, research priorities varied, with the highest emphasis on HIV/AIDS (14/20), epidemiology (9/20), anti-TB agents (6/20), and mortality (5/20). TB resistance was only considered a research priority in Brazil, Peru, and Haiti. Therefore, LA experienced significant growth in its scientific output, playing a crucial role in TB control. Strategic adaptation to the region's specific challenges was observed, particularly in HIV/AIDS coinfection, epidemiological studies, and drug resistance. This progress was achieved by outstanding international scientific collaboration. This holistic approach emphasizes the importance of research in the fight against TB in LA.

3.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 40(5): 491-497, oct. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521876

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La resistencia a fármacos antituberculosos está influenciada por las características personales y las condiciones de salud de países en vías de desarrollo. OBJETIVO: Determinar los factores asociados a TB-pre extensamente resistente (TB-PRE XDR) en pacientes del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo (HNDM) entre 2017 y 2019. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se desarrolló un estudio caso control no pareado, definiendo como caso al paciente con TB- PRE XDR y como control al paciente con TB-S. Se recolectaron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y radiológicas. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 51 casos y 102 controles. El análisis bivariado determinó como factores con p 51 años (OR: 0,17, IC95%: 0,05-0,51), uso de drogas (OR:2,5, IC95%: 1,1-5,4), antecedente de TB (OR: 20, IC95%: 8,4-47), reclusión previa (OR: 8, IC95%: 2,7-23,8), infección por VIH (OR: 0,2, IC95%: 0,08-1) y uso previo de fármacos antituberculosos (OR: 21, IC95%: 8,8-50). El análisis de regresión logística identificó como factores asociados a TB-PRE XDR al contacto de TB, antecedente de TB, tiempo de enfermedad y uso previo de fármacos antituberculosos. CONCLUSIÓN: Las medidas para limitar el desarrollo de TB-PRE XDR en pacientes con TB-S deben incidir sobre el antecedente de TB, contacto con TB, tiempo de enfermedad y uso previo de anti-TB no controlados; sin embargo, existen resultados no concluyentes sobre el hábito nocivo y la comorbilidad, siendo necesario más estudios para determinar su influencia como factores asociados identificables.


BACKGROUND: Resistance to anti-TB drugs is influenced by personal characteristics and health conditions in developing countries. AIM: To determine the factors associated with pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (PRE XDR-TB) at Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo (HNDM) in patients between the 2017 and 2019. METHODS: An unpaired case control study was developed; defining as case PRE XDR-TB patient and as control S-TB patient. Epidemiological, clinical and radiological variables were collected. RESULTS: We analyzed 51 cases and 102 controls. The bivariate analysis showed as factors with p 51 years (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.05-0.51), drug use (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1-5.4), previous history of TB (OR: 20, 95% CI: 8.4-47), previous confinement (OR: 8, 95% CI: 2.7-23.8), HIV infection (OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.08-1) and previous use of antiTB drugs (OR: 21, 95% CI: 8.8-50). The logistic regression analysis identified as associated factors with PRE XDR-TB the previous contact with TB, a history of TB, length of illness and previous use of tuberculosis antibiotics. CONCLUSION: The measures to limit the development of TB-PRE XDR in patients with TB-S must include the previous history of TB, TB contact, length of illness and previous use of uncontrolled antibiotics against TB; however, there are inconclusive results about the harmful habits and comorbidity, requiring more studies to determine their influence as identifiable associated factors.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tuberculose Extensivamente Resistente a Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Peru/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fatores Epidemiológicos , Análise Multivariada , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de Risco , Tuberculose Extensivamente Resistente a Medicamentos/diagnóstico por imagem , Hospitais Públicos
4.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 22(3): 650-652, julio-Septiembre 2022.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1381906

RESUMO

Sr. Editor   La pandemia del COVID-19 ha afectado negativamente a otros programas de prevención y de control de enfermedades que podrían llegar a causar más muertes que el propio coronavirus (1), a la vez que tiene consecuencias sustanciales para otros dominios, tal como el impacto social: disminuyendo el crecimiento económico y aumentando las tasas de desempleo, pobreza e inseguridad alimentaria.


Dear editor, The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected other disease prevention and control programs that could cause more deaths than the coronavirus itself (1), and also having substantial consequences for other domains, such as social impact: slowing economic growth and increasing rates of unemployment, poverty, and food insecurity.

6.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 21(4): 909-911, Oct.-Dic. 2021.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1342261

RESUMO

El SARS-CoV-2 es un beta-coronavirus del mismo subgénero que los virus SARS y MERS, comparten el mismo receptor de unión del gen, la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ACE2).(1)El espectro de severidad de la enfermedad es variado, siendo la forma leve la más frecuente (81%), y la enfermedad severa presente en el 14% de los casos, estando la presentación crítica en el 5%, con una mortalidad del 2,3%.


SARS-CoV-2 is a beta-coronavirus of the same subgenus as SARS and MERS viruses, they share the same gene binding receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2)(1). The spectrum of disease severity is varied, with the mild form being the most frequent (81%), and severe disease present in 14% of cases, with critical presentation being present in 5%, with a mortality of 2.3%.

7.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 40(3)sept. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408554

RESUMO

Introducción: La infección por VIH y la tuberculosis son dos de las principales epidemias que afectan a muchos países de Latinoamérica, las cuales tienen un impacto bidireccional entre sí, por lo que son enfermedades de gran relevancia en la salud pública. Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a la coinfección por tuberculosis y VIH en los pacientes registrados en el Programa de Control de la Tuberculosis del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal y analítico. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados ingresados al Programa de Control de Tuberculosis. Se consideró coinfección por tuberculosis y VIH a aquellos con prueba confirmatoria para Western Blot con tuberculosis activa de forma simultánea. Con los modelos lineales generalizados se obtuvieron valores p y las razones de prevalencia ajustados con un IC 95 por ciento. Resultados: De los 289 pacientes, el 30,1 por ciento tuvo coinfección por tuberculosis y VIH y se asoció a ser varón (RPa: 2,11; IC 95 por ciento:1,21-3,66), consumidor de drogas (RPa: 1,71; IC 95 por ciento: 1,13-2,52) y tener el antecedente de infección previa de tuberculosis (RPa: 2,35; IC 95 por ciento: 1,53-3,63). Asimismo, estuvo asociada de manera inversa con la edad (RPa: 0,98; IC 95 por ciento: 0,97-0,99). Conclusiones: Según los datos, la prevalencia de coinfección por tuberculosis y VIH es elevada y existe mayor frecuencia de coinfección por tuberculosis y VIH entre varones, a una menor edad, los que tenían antecedentes de tuberculosis y los que consumían drogas. Es importante implementar acciones para mejorar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de ambas enfermedades infecciosas(AU)


Introduction: HIV infection and tuberculosis are two of the main epidemics that affect many Latin American countries, which have a two-way impact on each other, making them highly relevant diseases in public health. Objective: To identify the factors associated with tuberculosis and HIV coinfection in patients registered in the Tuberculosis Control Program of the Dos de Mayo National Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out. The medical records of hospitalized patients admitted to the Tuberculosis Control Program were reviewed. Those with a confirmatory test for Western Blot with active tuberculosis were considered coinfection with tuberculosis and HIV simultaneously. With the generalized linear models, p-values and prevalence ratios adjusted with a 95 percent CI were obtained. Results: Of the 289 patients, 30.1 percent had tuberculosis and HIV coinfection and was associated with being male (RPa: 2.11; 95 percent CI: 1.21-3.66), drug user (RPa: 1.71; 95 percent CI: 1.13-2.52) and have a history of previous tuberculosis infection (RPa: 2.35; 95 percent CI: 1.53-3.63). Likewise, it was inversely associated with age (RPa: 0.98; 95 percent CI: 0.97-0.99). Conclusions: According to the data, the prevalence of tuberculosis and HIV coinfection is high and there is a higher frequency of tuberculosis and HIV coinfection among men, at a younger age, those with a history of tuberculosis and those who consume drugs. It is important to implement actions to improve the diagnosis and treatment of both infectious diseases(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Epidemias
8.
Horiz. med. (Impresa) ; 21(3)jul. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506327

RESUMO

La infección por COVID-19 presenta una elevada mortalidad respecto a otros virus respiratorios. En este artículo buscamos definir las comorbilidades que están asociadas a la elevada mortalidad o a las complicaciones que requieren mayor soporte ventilatorio en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Se ha diseñado una búsqueda bibliográfica con respecto a las comorbilidades y/o alteraciones en los exámenes de laboratorio y los estudios radiológicos que se han asociado a la presencia de mortalidad, especialmente en los casos descritos en China.


Mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 is high compared to that caused by other respiratory viruses. This article aims to define the comorbidities associated with high mortality rates or complications that require ventilatory support in intensive care units. A bibliographic search has been performed with respect to comorbidities and/or alterations in laboratory tests and radiographic exams that have been associated with mortality, especially those described in China.

9.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 21(3): 540-545, Jul.-Sep. 2021.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1255343

RESUMO

Introducción: El uso indiscriminado de antibióticos existe como amenaza a la salud pública desde hace varios años. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), advierte que en el año 2050 comenzará la "era postantibiótica", donde se atribuirá a infecciones resistentes un aproximado de 10 millones de muerte por año. La infección donde se ve mayor relevancia este tipo de bacterias resistentes es la patología de vía urinaria. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al desarrollo de infecciones de vías urinarias por bacterias productoras de Betalactamasas en adultos mayores en el servicio de medicina interna del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Métodos: Se elaboró un estudio analítico, transversal, retrospectivo, tipo casos y controles. Se obtuvieron los datos a través de la revisión de historias clínicas, con el llenado de una ficha de recolección de datos relacionados a aspectos sociodemográficos como antecedentes clínicos. Con una muestra total de 139 pacientes, se obtuvieron 56 casos y 86 controles. Para medir la asociación, se utilizó los Odds Ratio para lo cual se usó el software estadístico SPSS. Resultados: Se observó una asociación estadísticamente significaba entre la infección por E. Coli BLEE con los antecedentes como el uso previo de antibióticos y el antecedente de infección urinaria recurrente. Los OR y los intervalos de confianza de las variables que mostraron ser significativas fueron: IVU recurrente (IC 95%, OR=1,722), Anemia (IC 95% OR= 1.96), Hipotiroidismo (IC 95%, OR=1.13), la HTA (IC 95%, OR=1.050), multigestación (IC 95%, OR=1.062) y Antecedente de uso previo antibiótico (IC 95%, OR=22.106). Conclusión: En el estudio se identificó que la edad promedio de presentación de infección urinaria por E. Coli BLEE se ubica entre los 65 a 75 años. Las infecciones urinarias recurrentes y el uso previo de tratamiento antibiótico son factores de riesgo significativos para desarrollar infecciones por bacterias BLEE.


Introduction: The overused of antibiotics has existed as a threat to public health for several years. The World Health Organization (WHO) warns that in the year 2050 the "post-antibiotic era" will begin, where approximately 10 million deaths per year will be attributed to resistant infections. The infection where this type of bacteria is most relevant is in urinary tract pathology. Objective: Determine the factors associated with the development of urinary tract infections by beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in older adults in the internal medicine service of the Dos de Mayo National Hospital. Methods: An analytical, cross-sectional, retrospective, case-control type study was carried out. Data were obtained through the review of medical records, with the completion of a data collection form related to sociodemographic aspects such as clinical data. With a total sample of 139 patients, 56 cases and 86 controls were obtained. To measure the association, we used the Odds Ratio, the statistical software SPSS was used. Results: A statistically significant association was observed between E. Coli ESBL infection with antecedents such as previous use of antibiotics and a history of recurrent urinary infection. The ORs and the confidence intervals of the variables that were shown to be significant were: recurrent urinary tract infection (95% CI, OR = 1,722), Anemia (95% CI OR = 1.96), Hypothyroidism (95% CI, OR = 1.13), Hypertension (95% CI, OR = 1,050), multi-pregnancy (95% CI, OR = 1,062) and History of previous antibiotic use (95% CI, OR = 22,106). Conclusion: The study identified the average age of presentation of urinary infection by E. Coli ESBL is between 65 to 75 years. Recurrent urinary tract infections and previous use of antibiotic treatment are significant risk factors for developing ESBL bacterial infections.

10.
Rev. salud pública ; 23(2): e401, Mar.-Apr. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357416

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar la correlación entre calidad de vida y lesiones pulmonares por radiografía en pacientes con tuberculosis en Lima Norte (Lima, Perú), durante el periodo 2018. Métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de correlación para evaluar la calidad de vida y lesiones pulmonares por radiografía de los pacientes en tratamiento con esquema sensible de la jurisdicción del Hospital Nacional Sergio Bernales. La muestra correspondió a 102 pacientes pertenecientes al programa de tuberculosis, para la cual se utilizó el cuestionario respiratorio de Saint George, que mide la calidad de vida, constituida por tres dimensiones: síntomas, actividad social o impacto. Las lesiones radiológicas se cuantificaron mediante la clasificación de Willcox. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el programa SPSS, versión 23. Se estimó Chi-cuadrado y el coeficiente de correlación para determinar asociación de las variables. Resultados La correlación de Spearman es 0,622, lo que indica una relación positiva alta entre calidad de vida y lesiones pulmonares en pacientes con tuberculosis (p<0,05). Se determinó asociación entre calidad de vida y tiempo de tratamiento, con cambios en el tercer mes. Conclusión Existe una asociación entre calidad de vida y lesiones pulmonares por radiografía de pacientes con tuberculosis.


ABSTRACT Objective To determine the correlation between quality of life and lung lesions by radiography of patients with tuberculosis in Lima Norte (Lima, Peru) during the 2018 period. Methods A descriptive correlation study was carried out to evaluate the quality of life and lung lesions by radiography of patients in sensitive scheme treatment of the jurisdiction of the Sergio Bernales National Hospital. The sample corresponded to 102 patients belonging to the tuberculosis program and the Saint George respiratory questionnaire was used, which measures the quality of life, which consists of three dimensions: symptoms, activity, social, or impact. Radiological lesions were quantified by Willcox classification. For the data analysis, the SPSS version 23 program was used. Chi square and the correlation coefficient were estimated to determine the association of the variables. Results Spearman's correlation is 0.622, which indicates a high positive relationship between quality of life and lung lesions in patients with tuberculosis (p<0.05). An association between quality of life and treatment time was determined, with changes in the third month. Conclusion There is an association between quality of life and lung lesions by radiography of patients with tuberculosis.

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