RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with prolonged hospital-stay after appendectomy in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective observational cohort study included 420 patients after surgery for acute appendicitis between March 2019 and March 2020, April 2020 and April 2021. There were 336 patients before the SARS-COV-2 pandemic, and 84 ones underwent surgery during the pandemic. RESULTS: Incidence of prolonged hospital stay was 15% and 26%, respectively (RR 1.76). RR is more than 1 and assumes SARS-CoV-2 infection as a risk factor. CONCLUSION: There is an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and prolonged hospital-stay after surgery for acute appendicitis (RR 1.76).
Assuntos
Apendicite , COVID-19 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Apendicectomia/efeitos adversos , Tempo de Internação , Pandemias , Apendicite/epidemiologia , Apendicite/cirurgia , Apendicite/complicações , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Doença Aguda , HospitaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecologic malignancy worldwide and is the sixth cause of cancer death in Chile. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for most cervical cancers. Individuals seeking basic information about HPV frequently turn to health information websites. We hypothesized that some of their data may be inaccurate. STUDY DESIGN: Comparative analysis of information. METHODS: We analyze the content of highly accessed websites such as the Spanish version of Wikipedia and Yahoo Answers through the application of a questionnaire, as well as a website managed by the Chilean Ministry of Health (Minsal). The accuracy of each answer was confirmed by comparison with information retrieved from articles published by indexed journals. RESULTS: The information provided by the Spanish version of Wikipedia was accurate; nevertheless a few omissions were detected. The quality of the information provided by the Spanish version of Yahoo Answers was inaccurate and confusing. The Minsal website lacked important information on several topics about HPV even though it is managed and endorsed by the government. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest periodical content reviews to increase the completeness, transparency and correctness of the website.
Assuntos
Informação de Saúde ao Consumidor/normas , Internet/normas , Papillomaviridae , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) is a pro-oxidant carcinogen bioactivated by xenobiotic metabolism (XM). We investigated if antioxidants lycopene [0.45, 0.9, 1.8 µM], resveratrol [11, 43, 172 µM], and vitamin C [5.6 mM] added or not with FeSO4 [0.06 mM], modulate the genotoxicity of 4-NQO [2 mM] with the Drosophila wing spot test standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses, with inducible and high levels of cytochromes P450, respectively. The genotoxicity of 4-NQO was higher when dissolved in an ethanol - acetone mixture. The antioxidants did not protect against 4-NQO in any of both crosses. In the ST cross, resveratrol [11 µM], vitamin C and FeSO4 resulted in genotoxicity; the three antioxidants and FeSO4 increased the damage of 4-NQO. In the HB cross, none of the antioxidants, neither FeSO4, were genotoxic. Only resveratrol [172 µM] + 4-NQO increased the genotoxic activity in both crosses. We concluded that the effects of the antioxidants, FeSO4 and the modulation of 4-NQO were the result of the difference of Cyp450s levels, between the ST and HB crosses. We propose that the basal levels of the XM's enzymes in the ST cross interacted with a putative pro-oxidant activity of the compounds added to the pro-oxidant effects of 4-NQO.
Assuntos
4-Nitroquinolina-1-Óxido/toxicidade , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Carotenoides/farmacologia , Compostos Ferrosos/farmacologia , Estilbenos/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ácido Ascórbico/efeitos adversos , Carcinógenos/toxicidade , Carotenoides/efeitos adversos , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/genética , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster/efeitos dos fármacos , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Feminino , Compostos Ferrosos/efeitos adversos , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Licopeno , Masculino , Resveratrol , Estilbenos/efeitos adversos , Testes de Toxicidade/métodos , Asas de Animais/efeitos dos fármacos , Xenobióticos/toxicidadeRESUMO
The behaviour and state of the envelopes from B. subtilis cultures grown in Luria Bertani (LB) medium with and without 1.5 M NaCl are compared. Under hypertonic conditions, the hydrophobicity of the cultures increases. The phospholipid and fatty acid (FA) compositions show important differences: a higher cardiolipin (CL) content [at the expense of phosphatidylglycerol (PG)], and a higher unsaturated and straight chain FA content. The fluidity of the membranes, determined with fluorescent probes, indicates an increase in viscosity of the cytoplasmic membrane. The consequences of these variations in membrane permeability and osmotolerance are discussed.
Assuntos
Bacillus subtilis/metabolismo , Lipídeos de Membrana/análise , Bacillus subtilis/química , Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Fluidez de Membrana , Fosfolipídeos/análise , Equilíbrio HidroeletrolíticoRESUMO
The envelope properties of B. subtilis cultures grown in LB and LBN hyperosmotic media (LB + 1.5 M NaCl) were compared. Since hypertonic cultures showed a Spo-phenotype, a Spo-mutant grown in LB was also analyzed. LBN cultures showed extensive filamentation and presented different sensitivities toward phage infection (phi29 and phi105), or antibiotics whose targets are at wall (lysozyme, penicillin G) or membrane level (polymyxin B, phosphonomycin). Results of the biochemical composition revealed that during hyperosmotic growth, the cell wall increased in thickness, and among the membrane lipids, glycolipid and cardiolipin increased in parallel with a decrease in phosphatidylglycerol. The fatty acid composition was also modified, and an increase in saturated straight chain with a decrease of saturated iso-branched fatty acids was observed. The increase of monounsaturated 18-1 (omega-9) fatty acid was probably related to the absence of sporulation observed in hypertonic media, since its increase has been shown to inhibit the KinA sensor of sporulation. The significance of the other wall and membrane composition variations (and hydrophobic surface properties) in relation to the osmotic adaptation are discussed.