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Introducción: el tinnitus es una patología prevalente que se presenta en el 10 %-15 % de la población, su diagnóstico es clínico y tiene un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida. La terapia de reentrenamiento del tinnitus (TRT) busca categorizar y ofrecer un manejo adecuado integral a los pacientes para hacer una rehabilitación individualizada con una mejoría en el 80 % de los pacientes. En los últimos años, se ha supuesto que los cambios en la implementación de la TRT mejoran su efectividad global. A la fecha, no se tiene evidencia científica que resuma los hallazgos concluyentes de estos estudios, por lo cual se plantea una revisión sistemática de la literatura que reúna y sintetice de forma exhaustiva y sistemática toda la literatura con adecuada rigurosidad metodológica sobre la eficacia del manejo con TRT en pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de tinnitus, para estimar una medida combinada del tamaño del efecto de la intervención. Materiales y métodos: se plantea una revisión sistemática de la literatura en cuatro bases de datos diferentes, sin límite de idioma o tiempo; acorde con la metodología de las guías PRISMA. Resultados: se encontró un total de 24 264 artículos, de los cuales 15 fueron elegidos para la extracción de datos. De estos, 7 eran ensayos clínicos y 8 estudios de cohorte, con una media de Jadad de 1,55. Todos usaron el protocolo de Jastreboff y Hazell con una media de seguimiento de 16,15 ± 7,8 meses. Discusión: la totalidad de los artículos incluidos reportó una mejoría en los valores del Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) (eficacia) que persistió durante la media de seguimiento. Adicionalmente, asociado a su uso se reportó una mejoría en la calidad de vida, sueño, desempeño laboral y socialización con el uso de TRT en dispositivos convencionales o dispositivos móviles. Conclusión: los reportes de los estudios incluidos son congruentes en determinar una reducción de la THI en pacientes con tinnitus de diferentes causas y estadios cuando son tratados con TRT bajo el protocolo Jastreboff y colaboradores, en el seguimiento a largo y corto plazo.

Introduction: Tinnitus is a prevalent pathology that occurs in 10-15% of the population, its diagnosis is clinical and has a negative impact on quality of life. Tinnitus retraining therapy seeks to categorize and offer individualized comprehensive management and rehabilitation with improvement in 80% of patients. In recent years, changes in the implementation of tinnitus retraining therapy are expected to improve its overall effectiveness. To date, there is no scientific evidence that summarizes the findings of these studies. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the literature that gathers and synthesizes all the literature on the effectiveness of management with TRT in adult patients diagnosed with tinnitus, estimating a combined measure of the effect size of the intervention. Materials and Methods: A systematic review in 4 different databases, with no language or time limits; in accordance with the methodology of the PRISMA guidelines was undertaken. Results: A total of 24,264 articles were found, of which 15 were chosen for data extraction. Of these, seven were clinical trials and eight cohort studies: with a mean Jadad of 1.55. All used the Jastreboff and Hazell protocol with a mean follow-up of 16.15±7.8. Discussion: All the articles included report an improvement in Tinnitus Handicap Inventory values (efficacy) that persists during the mean follow-up. Additionally, associated with its use, improvements in quality of life, sleep, work performance and socialization are reported with the use of TRT in conventional devices or mobile devices. In addition, the present review sheds light on different subpopulations of tinnitus patients who could benefit from the use of TRT. Conclusion: The reports of the included studies are congruent in determining a reduction of Tinnitus Handicap Inventory in patients with tinnitus of different causes and stages when treated with TRT under the Jastreboff et al. protocol at long and short term follow- up.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic value of the cochlear hydrops analysis masking procedure (CHAMP) in patients with definite Ménière's disease. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective validation study for a diagnostic test, study phase 2. SETTING: Tertiary referral centers. PATIENTS: Subjects with definite Ménière's disease (Group 1), differential diagnosis (Group 2: another audiovestibular diseases or neurologic disorders), and normal hearing (Group 3) were included. Sample sizes were calculated. INTERVENTIONS: Study test (CHAMP) was compared with the current clinical criterion standard described by the guidelines of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Sensitivity, specificity, and other indicators of diagnostic validation. RESULTS: One hundred ten cases completed the follow-up, and their results are presented. Sensitivity at 31.3% and specificity at 100% were found in subjects with definite Ménière's disease, features that are more helpful in confirming the diagnosis than in rejecting it. Group 1 showed significantly shorter latency delays than Groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: If definite Ménière's disease is suspected, an abnormal result confirms the diagnosis; however, a normal result does not rule out the Ménière's disease diagnosis.

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Introducción: Con el objetivo de realizar una auditoría clínica de resultados y comparar nuestros resultados con el estándar de tratamiento realizamos este estudio en dos instituciones de cuarto nivel. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes sometidos a cirugía otomastoidea por secuelas y complicaciones del oído crónico entre enero de 2001 y noviembre de 2006. Se excluyeron pacientes a quienes se les realizó osciculoplastia o una mastoidectomía radical convencional. La evaluación de resultados se hizo a los 6 meses para los casos sin colesteatoma y a los 24 meses cuando había colesteatoma.Resultados: Se incluyeron 244 pacientes, el porcentaje global de éxito fue del 78,7 por ciento(192/244). En casos de colesteatoma el éxito fue del 74,8 por ciento (n = 74) y sin no había colesteatoma fue del 87,2 por ciento (n =166). La mastoidectomía de muro bajo (radical modificada) fue el procedimiento con mejores resultados: éxito del 91 por ciento. El resultado funcional en pacientes con cadena íntegra y móvil (n = 98) mostró que se cerró el gap a menos de 10dB en el 74,5 por ciento y a menos del 20dB en 92,3 por ciento. Discusión: Al revisar la literatura encontramos que para pacientes con colesteatoma los resultados a corto plazo, 24 meses, muestran porcentajes de recaída entre el 10 porciento al 20 por ciento, similar a lo encontrado en el presente estudio (éxito del 74,8 por ciento). Para casos sin colesteatoma los porcentajes de cierre de la perforación timpánica son de alrededor del 90 por ciento, también similares a lo que encontramos (éxito del 87,2 por ciento). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los reportes de las series internacionales y nuestros resultados (p > 0.05). Conclusión: Nuestros resultados para cirugía timpanomastoidea en casos con y sin colesteatoma son similares al estándar de tratamiento. Actualmente hay algunas modificaciones técnicas que podrían incrementar un poco más los porcentajes de éxito quirúrgico.

Aim: This study was accomplished in two tertiary referral centers with the objective to develop a clinicalaudit of the results and to make a comparison between our results and those found in the literature. Methods: Patients with otomastoid surgical procedures between January 0f 2001 and November of 2006 as a result of sequels or complications of chronic ear disease were included. Patients who had ossicular chain reconstruction or conventional radical mastoidectomy were excluded The results were evaluated 6 months after surgery when there was not a cholesteatoma and 24 months after the procedure when a cholesteatoma was removed. Results: 244 patients were included. The overall success rate was 78,7 percent (192/244). With cholesteatoma the success rate was 74,8 percent (n=74) and without cholesteatoma was 87,2 percent (n=166). The modified canal wall down mastoidectomy was the procedure with the best results obtained, with a success rate of 91%. Patients with intact and mobile ossicular chain (n=98) close the air-bone gap to a less than 10 db HL in 74,5 percent and to a less than 20 db HL in the 92.3 percent of the patients. Discussion: In the literature, a recurrence rate of cholesteatoma at short term follow up (24 months) was between 10 to 20 percent; similar to our findings (25 percent). In patients without cholesteatoma the percentage of closure of the ear drum perforation is around 90 percent, also similar to our results (success of 87,2 percent). There were not statistical significant differences between the reports of the international series and our results (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our results in tympanomastoid surgery in cases with and without cholesteatoma are similar to the conventional procedures of treatment. Nowadays, we have.

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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the risk factors associated with myringoplasty failure among the study population, a case-control study was carried out in 2 tertiary hospital centers. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Patients undergoing tympanic membrane perforation or atelectasis within 3 to 6 months following surgery were considered as cases, otherwise, they were considered to be controls. Patients having undergone any type of ossiculoplasty were excluded. Seventy cases and 210 controls were included, a sample size calculated for the following variables: inflammation at time of surgery, place and size of the tympanic membrane perforation, presence of tympanosclerosis, presence of cholesteatoma, and surgical technique. Odds ratio was calculated as main association measure, a stratified analysis was performed to rule out possible confusion factors. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the 2 groups respect to the variables for which the sample was calculated. Although in total group the addition of a modified radical mastoidectomy showed better operative results (95 % CI OR = 0.13-0.72; P=.002), in isolated tympanic membrane perforation this association it was loosed (95 % CI OR = 0.06-7.44; P=.81). CONCLUSIONS: Results in this study suggest that the variables for which the sample size was calculated are not associated with myringoplasty failure in this population.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe our first 2 years' experience following implementation of the BAHA program at our hospitals with special emphasis on the benefits and complications of use in each patient. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective review since the beginning of the programme at two Teaching Hospitals in 2004. Twelve patients were implanted with BAHA, and their complications are described, along with hearing loss and their audiological gain with the hearing aid. RESULTS: Eleven patients with BAHA completed the follow-up. The average age was 31.6 +/- 18.9 years, and their average conductive hearing loss of was 45.5 dB with an audiological gain of 33.6 dB. We had one patient with a minor complication (mild infection of the skin flap) and another with a major one (loss of the titanium implant). CONCLUSIONS: The BAHA programme started in 2004 has generated good results in terms of positive audiological data, patient acceptance and low complication rates.

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