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Since its initial description in the 2nd century, the suboccipital nerve has maintained a number of varying terminologies. Many of these terms were created in the 18th and 19th centuries to describe the first set of cervical spinal nerves that exited the spinal cord between the cranium and the atlas. Though the many terminologies have been reduced to mainly the suboccipital nerve, there are still two prevalent definitions used for this nerve. Herein, we discuss the history of the first spinal nerve and its branches with special attention to varying terminologies over time. Recent literature has described the suboccipital nerve as the entire nerve or as simply the dorsal ramus of the C1 spinal nerve. This interchangeability may lead to confusion about the specific part of the nerve being discussed. Following a review of the literature, we recommend the term C1 spinal nerve be applied to the entire nerve, whereas, suboccipital nerve be reserved solely for the posterior branch of the C1 spinal nerve.

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An 8-year-old female with a history of chronic headaches and uncertain papilloedema was found to have a variant of the posterior intracranial dural venous sinuses on magnetic resonance imaging assessment of the brain. Magnetic resonance venography included in the imaging revealed a circular formation of the confluence of sinuses and absent right-sided transverse sinus. The confluence of sinuses is a highly variable structure; however, to the authors' knowledge, a circular confluence of sinuses variant has not been reported in the literature.

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Arachnoid granulations are hypertrophied arachnoid villi, which extend from the subarachnoid space into the venous system and aid in the passive filtration and reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid. These macroscopic structures have been described in various locations, with the transverse and sigmoid sinuses seen as normal variants on imaging. Here we present the occurrence of an enlarged arachnoid granulation at the foramen rotundum where a variant intracranial venous sinus was identified during routine dissection. Variations, such as the one described herein, should be recognised by those who operate or interpret images of the skull base.

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OBJECTIVE: Medical student research involvement has evolved to be a core component of medical education and is becoming increasingly vital to success in the United States residency match. We sought to develop a research website allowing students and research faculty to collaborate and complete projects online. METHODS: The Medical Student Research Institute (MSRI) was developed by the St George's University School of Medicine in 2009 to encourage, support, facilitate and centralize medical student research. RESULTS: There are 63 active students in the MSRI (22 students in basic science and 41 students in clinical rotations). The mean GPA for basic science student members was 3.81 ± 0.27 and was 3.80 ± 0.20 for clinical student members. The mean United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 score was 241.6 ± 17.5. Since 2009, MSRI students have published 87 manuscripts in 33 different journals and have presented at 14 different national and international conferences. CONCLUSION: A web-based MSRI provides a virtual, entirely online resource for coordinating remote research collaboration between medical students and faculty whose opportunities would be otherwise limited. Initial experiences with the programme have been positive and the framework and concept of the MSRI provides a platform for university and medical schools to provide research opportunities to students who may not have face-to-face access to research faculty.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Medical student research involvement has evolved to be a core component of medical education and is becoming increasingly vital to success in the United States residency match. We sought to develop a research website allowing students and research faculty to collaborate and complete projects online. METHODS: The Medical Student Research Institute (MSRI) was developed by the St George's University School of Medicine in 2009 to encourage, support, facilitate and centralize medical student research. RESULTS: There are 63 active students in the MSRI (22 students in basic science and 41 students in clinical rotations). The mean GPA for basic science student members was 3.81 ± 0.27 and was 3.80 ± 0.20 for clinical student members. The mean United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 score was 241.6 ± 17.5. Since 2009, MSRI students have published 87 manuscripts in 33 different journals and have presented at 14 different national and international conferences. CONCLUSION: A web-based MSRI provides a virtual, entirely online resource for coordinating remote research collaboration between medical students and faculty whose opportunities would be otherwise limited. Initial experiences with the programme have been positive and the framework and concept of the MSRI provides a platform for university and medical schools to provide research opportunities to students who may not have face-to-face access to research faculty.

OBJETIVO: La participación estudiantil en la investigación médica ha evolucionado hasta llegar a ser un componente esencial de la educación médica, y se está convirtiendo cada vez más en un elemento vital para el éxito en obtener una plaza en los programas de residencia de medicina en los Estados Unidos. Buscamos desarrollar un sitio web de investigación que permita a los estudiantes y profesores de investigación colaborar y realizar proyectos online. MÉTODOS: El Instituto de Investigación Médica Estudiantil (MSRI por sus siglas en inglés) fue desarrollado por la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Saint George en 2009 para estimular, apoyar, facilitar y centralizar la investigación médica estudiantil. RESULTADOS: Hay 63 estudiantes activos en el MSRI (22 estudiantes en ciencias básicas y 41 estudiantes en rotaciones clínicas). El promedio general de calificaciones (PGC) de los miembros estudiantes de ciencias básicas fue 3.81 ± 0.27, y el de los miembros estudiantes clínicos fue 3.80 ± 0.20. La puntuación promedio obtenida en el primer paso del Examen de Licencia Médica de los Estados Unidos (USMLE, en inglés) fue 241.6 ± 17.5. Desde 2009, los estudiantes del MSRI han publicado 87 manuscritos en 33 diferentes revistas, y han presentado trabajos en 14 conferencias nacionales e internacionales. CONCLUSIÓN: Un MSRI basado en la red de la Internet proporciona un recurso virtual, totalmente online, que permite coordinar la colaboración a distancia entre estudiantes y profesores de medicina, quienes de lo contrario verían limitadas sus oportunidades. Las experiencias iniciales con el programa han sido positivas. El marco y los conceptos del MSRI proporciona una plataforma para que la Universidad y las escuelas de medicina puedan brindar oportunidades de investigación a los estudiantes que no tengan acceso presencial a la Facultad de investigación.

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In this case of a male adult Caucasian cadaver, variations were noted involving the location of the C5 ventral ramus descending anterior and superolateral to the anterior scalene muscle. An unusual communicating branch was discovered that originated from C5 at the midpoint of the anterior scalene muscle, two centimeters proximal to Erb's point, to communicate with C6 and another communicating branch originating from C6 to C7. Awareness of the possibility of this variation is of great importance during certain surgical procedures. Comparison of this case with the literature is discussed.

En este caso de un cadáver adulto varón caucásico, se observaron variaciones que involucraban la localización de la rama ventral del quinto nervio cervical (C5) anterior descendente y superior lateral en relación con el músculo escaleno anterior. Se descubrió una rama comunicante inusual que se originaba a partir del C5 en el punto medio del músculo escaleno anterior, dos centímetros próximo al punto de Erb, para comunicarse con el C6 y otra rama comunicante son su punto de origen en C6 hasta C7. Conocer la posibilidad de esta variación es de gran importancia durante la realización de ciertos procedimientos quirúrgicos. Se discute la comparación de este caso con la literatura.

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In this case of a male adult Caucasian cadaver, variations were noted involving the location of the CS ventral ramus descending anterior and superolateral to the anterior scalene muscle. An unusual communicating branch was discovered that originated from C5 at the midpoint of the anterior scalene muscle, two centimeters proximal to Erb's point, to communicate with C6 and another communicating branch originating from C6 to C7. Awareness of the possibility of this variation is of great importance during certain surgical procedures. Comparison of this case with the literature is discussed.

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