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This paper presents an integrated monitoring system for the driver and the vehicle in a single case of study easy to configure and replicate. On-board vehicle sensors and remote sensors are combined to model algorithms for estimating polluting emissions, fuel consumption, driving style and driver's health. The main contribution of this paper is the analysis of interactions among the above monitored features highlighting the influence of the driver in the vehicle performance and vice versa. This analysis was carried out experimentally using one vehicle with different drivers and routes and implemented on a mobile application. Compared to commercial driver and vehicle monitoring systems, this approach is not customized, uses classical sensor measurements, and is based on simple algorithms that have been already proven but not in an interactive environment with other algorithms. In the procedure design of this global vehicle and driver monitoring system, a principal component analysis was carried out to reduce the variables used in the training/testing algorithms with objective to decrease the transfer data via Bluetooth between the used devices: a biometric wristband, a smartphone and the vehicle's central computer. Experimental results show that the proposed vehicle and driver monitoring system predicts correctly the fuel consumption index in 84%, the polluting emissions 89%, and the driving style 89%. Indeed, interesting correlation results between the driver's heart condition and vehicular traffic have been found in this analysis.
Assuntos
Condução de Veículo , Aplicativos Móveis , Acidentes de Trânsito , Computadores , SmartphoneRESUMO
Introducción. El dolor abdominal agudo es una causa frecuente de consulta en los servicios de urgencias. Su incidencia es alrededor del 5%, de los cuales el 10%- 25% de los pacientes requieren tratamiento quirúrgico. Las neoplasias apendiculares primarias son infrecuentes, actualmente representan 1% de las neoplasias malignas de origen gastrointestinal. Existe un predominio en mujeres y se debe sospechar en pacientes con factores de riesgo. El objetivo es entender la importancia del diagnóstico oportuno en el abordaje del paciente con dolor abdominal agudo. Presentación del caso. Mujer con cuadro clínico de 5 días de dolor abdominal, con hallazgo en tomografía de abdomen de marcada dilatación quística del apéndice cecal con calcificaciones lineales y nodulares en la pared y su interior. Intraoperariamente, se realizó hemicolectomía derecha con resultado histológico de neoplasia mucinosa del apéndice (adenoma serrado) con pérdida de la muscularis mucosae, catalogándolo como adenocarcinoma de bajo grado. Discusión. Los tumores apendiculares representan el 1% de las neoplasias malignas de origen gastrointestinal, son un hallazgo incidental (0.7-1.4%) en los procedimientos de apendicectomía. El diagnóstico es histopatológico y el pronóstico se relaciona con la clasificación. Es importante conocer, identificar y sospechar esta patología dada su infrecuencia, con lo cual se puede mejorar el pronóstico en los pacientes. Conclusión. Los tumores apendiculares son infrecuentes, los cuales deben ser incluidos en el grupo de patologías causantes de dolor abdominal agudo.
Introduction. Acute abdominal pain is a frequent cause of consultation to emergency services. Its incidence is about 5%, of which 10%-25% of patients require surgical treatment. Primary appendiceal neoplasms are infrequent. They currently represent 1% of malignant neoplasms of gastrointestinal origin. They are predominant in women and must be suspected in patients with risk factors. The objective is to understand the importance of timely diagnosis in approaching patients with acute abdominal pain. Case report. A woman with clinical condition of 5 days of abdominal pain. Marked cystic dilation of the cecal appendix with linear and nodular calcifications on its wall and interior found in a tomography of the abdomen. Intraoperatively, a right hemicolectomy was performed with a histological result of mucinous neoplasm of the appendix (serrated adenoma) with loss of the muscularis mucosae, classifying it as a low grade adenocarcinoma. Discussion. Appendiceal tumors represent 1% of malignant neoplasms of gastrointestinal origin, with an incidental finding (0.7-1.4%) in appendectomy procedures. The diagnosis is histopathological, and prognosis is related to its classification. It is important to know, identify and suspect this pathology due to its infrequency, which can improve the patient's prognosis. Conclusion. Appendiceal tumors are infrequent and should be included in the group of pathologies that cause acute abdominal pain.
Introdução. A dor abdominal aguda é causa frequente de consulta nos serviços de emergência. Sua incidência é em torno de 5%, dos quais entre 10% e 25% dos pacientes necessitam de tratamento cirúrgico. As neoplasias primárias de apêndice são raras, representando atualmente 1% das neoplasias malignas de origem gastrointestinal. Há predominância em mulheres e deve-se suspeitar em pacientes com fatores de risco. O objetivo é compreender a importância do diagnóstico oportuno na abordagem de pacientes com dor abdominal aguda. Relato de caso. Mulher com quadro clínico de dor abdominal por 5 dias, com achado tomográfico de abdome de dilatação cística acentuada do apêndice cecal com calcificações lineares e nodulares na parede e seu interior. No intraoperatório foi realizada hemicolectomia direita com resultado histológico de neoplasia mucinosa de apêndice (adenoma serrilhado) com perda da muscularis mucosae, classificando-a como adenocarcinoma de baixo grau. Discussão. Os tumores apendiculares representam 1% das neoplasias malignas de origem gastrointestinal, sendo um achado incidental (0.7-1.4%) em procedimentos de apendicectomia. O diagnóstico é histopatológico e o prognóstico está relacionado à classificação. É importante conhecer, identificar e suspeitar desta patologia dada a sua infrequência, o que pode melhorar o prognóstico dos pacientes. Conclusão. Os tumores apendiculares são pouco frequentes e devem ser incluídos no grupo de patologias que causam dor abdominal aguda.
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Adenocarcinoma , Apêndice , Dor Abdominal , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Neoplasias IntestinaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered the most common degenerative joint pathology in the adult population, being an important cause of disability worldwide, and its prevalence is increasingly associated with different factors, including obesity. Obesity together with metabolic syndrome have been associated with a pro-inflammatory state due to the release of cytokines that induce changes in cartilage metabolism. Chemerin is an adipokine secreted mainly by adipocytes and its final action is to increase the production of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1b, TNF-a and metalloproteinases by macrophages, dendritic cells and chondrocytes, which are responsible for damage to the articular cartilage. This is one of the reasons that obesity and inflammation have been linked to OA. The main objective of this study is to determine whether the serum chemerin concentrations of a group of patients with primary OA are higher when compared with control individuals. A further purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between the presence of obesity/overweight with the severity of the disease measured by a radiological scale. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out where serum chemerin levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunoadsorption assay (ELISA), in patients with primary OA of the hip, knee and hand with criteria from the ACR (American College Of Rheumatology) and controls. Radiological studies of patients and controls were analysed to determine the severity of joint involvement using the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) classification system. The statistical significance of the difference in serum chemerin values between the two groups was verified and the correlation between the variables of body mass index (BMI) with radiological severity, number of joint regions and serum chemerin levels was analysed. RESULTS: During the period from July 2015 to July 2016, serum samples and radiographs of compromised joints were collected from 40 patients with primary OA who met the inclusion criteria, as well as serum samples from 20 controls. The average concentration of chemerin was higher in the group of patients with OA compared to that of the control group, being 373ng / ml and 175.55ng / ml respectively (p<2.2×10-16). No significant associations were found between the different degrees of disease severity measured by the KL radiological scale, such as the number of involved joint regions and BMI. CONCLUSIONS: In a group of patients with primary OA of the hand, knee or hip, the values of chemerin were higher than those found in controls, without significant association with the severity of the disease established radiologically by K/L scale, the number of involved joint regions, and the BMI.
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Cartilagem Articular , Osteoartrite do Joelho , Quimiocinas , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Articulação do Joelho , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered the most common degenerative joint pathology in the adult population, being an important cause of disability worldwide, and its prevalence is increasingly associated with different factors, including obesity. Obesity together with metabolic syndrome have been associated with a pro-inflammatory state due to the release of cytokines that induce changes in cartilage metabolism. Chemerin is an adipokine secreted mainly by adipocytes and its final action is to increase the production of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1b, TNF-α and metalloproteinases by macrophages, dendritic cells and chondrocytes, which are responsible for damage to the articular cartilage. This is one of the reasons that obesity and inflammation have been linked to OA. The main objective of this study is to determine whether the serum chemerin concentrations of a group of patients with primary OA are higher when compared with control individuals. A further purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between the presence of obesity/overweight with the severity of the disease measured by a radiological scale. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out where serum chemerin levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunoadsorption assay (ELISA), in patients with primary OA of the hip, knee and hand with criteria from the American College Of Rheumatology (ACR) and controls. Radiological studies of patients and controls were analysed to determine the severity of joint involvement using the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) classification system. The statistical significance of the difference in serum chemerin values between the two groups was verified and the correlation between the variables of body mass index (BMI) with radiological severity, number of joint regions and serum chemerin levels was analysed. RESULTS: During the period from July 2015 to July 2016, serum samples and radiographs of compromised joints were collected from 40 patients with primary OA who met the inclusion criteria, as well as serum samples from 20 controls. The average concentration of chemerin was higher in the group of patients with OA compared to that of the control group, being 373 ng / ml and 175.55 ng / ml respectively (p<2.2×10-16). No significant associations were found between the different degrees of disease severity measured by the KL radiological scale, such as the number of involved joint regions and BMI. CONCLUSIONS: In a group of patients with primary OA of the hand, knee or hip, the values of chemerin were higher than those found in controls, without significant association with the severity of the disease established radiologically by K/L scale, the number of involved joint regions, and the BMI.
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Resumen Introducción: el modafinilo es un fármaco neuroestimulante utilizado principalmente para promover estados de vigilia atención y disminuir la fatiga ante ciertos comportamientos que propician la somnolencia diurna excesiva. Objetivo: identificar en la literatura científica los efectos adversos neurológicos y cardiovasculares causados por el consumo del modafinilo. Materiales y Métodos: revisión bibliográfica de los artículos encontrados entre los meses de abril y julio de 2019 en las bases de datos PUBMED, SCOPUS, DIALNET. 51 artículos superaron la evaluación de calidad metodológica y se incluyeron en la revisión. Resultados: se identificaron que los principales efectos adversos a nivel cardiovascular son la cardiomiopatía Tako-Tsubo y la taquicardia ventricular polimórfica, mientras que a nivel neurológico puede generar insomnio y distonías. Conclusiones: El consumo del modafinilo genera repercusiones en las funciones cognitivas y cardiovasculares por lo cual no es aconsejable su uso a largo plazo en personas sanas. MÉD. UIS.2020;33(1):31-8.
Abstract Introduction: modafinil is a neurostimulant drug used mainly to promote wakefulness, attention and decrease fatigue in certain behaviors that cause excessive daytime sleepiness. Objective: identify in the scientific literature the neurological and cardiovascular adverse effects caused by the consumption of modafinil. Materials and Methods: bibliographic review of the articles found between the months of April and July of 2019 in the PUBMED, SCOPUS, DIALNET databases. 51 articles passed the methodological quality assessment and were included in the review. Results: the main adverse effects at the cardiovascular level were identified as Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, while at the neurological level it can generate insomnia and dystonia. Conclusions: the consumption of modafinil generates repercussions on cognitive and cardiovascular functions, so its long-term use in healthy people is not advisable. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(1):31-8.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Taquicardia Ventricular , Modafinila , Taquicardia , Pressão Sanguínea , Distonia , Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo , Cefaleia , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Narcolepsia , NáuseaRESUMO
Automotive components manufacturers use the 5160 steel in leaf and coil springs. The industrial heat treatment process consists in austenitizing followed by the oil quenching and tempering process. Typically, compressive residual stresses are induced by shot peening on the surface of automotive springs to bestow compressive residual stresses that improve the fatigue resistance and increase the service life of the parts after heat treatment. In this work, a high-speed quenching was used to achieve compressive residual stresses on the surface of AISI/SAE 5160 steel samples by producing high thermal gradients and interrupting the cooling in order to generate a case-core microstructure. A special laboratory equipment was designed and built, which uses water as the quenching media in a high-speed water chamber. The severity of the cooling was characterized with embedded thermocouples to obtain the cooling curves at different depths from the surface. Samples were cooled for various times to produce different hardened case depths. The microstructure of specimens was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to estimate the magnitude of residual stresses on the surface of the specimens. Compressive residual stresses at the surface and sub-surface of about -700 MPa were obtained.
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Objetivo: Detectar las alteraciones estructurales de los músculos peniformes proximales en pacientes con diagnóstico de lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) y describir su relación con la actividad de la enfermedad y tiempo de tratamiento. Métodos: Pacientes > 18 años con diagnóstico confirmado de LES atendidos durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2016 y septiembre de 2018. Se extrajeron de las historias clínicas datos demográficos, clínicos y serológicos previa realización de una ecografía musculoesquelética de los músculos peniformes proximales, tríceps y vasto lateral, para evaluar parámetros cualitativos y cuantitativos de la arquitectura muscular (grosor muscular, longitud del fascículo, ángulo de penación, ecogenicidad, atrofia y edema muscular). Resultados: Se incluyeron 21 pacientes de los cuales 18 eran mujeres (85,7 %), 19 de ellos en el rango de 18-50 años de edad (90,4 %), 15 refirieron mialgia en la entrevista (71 %) y 7 mostraron leve pérdida de la fuerza según la escala Medical Research Council (MRC) (33 %). La mayoría de pacientes recibió tratamiento a base de esteroides (95 %) más un medicamento modificador de la enfermedad. Diez pacientes tenían índice de actividad de la enfermedad leve a moderado (81,2 %). En cuanto a las medidas ecográficas, se encontró una relación significativa entre un ángulo de penación menor a 11,4 grados y atrofia muscular con valores de p = 0,035. Conclusiones: La ecografía musculoesquelética es un método no invasivo útil para la detección de cambios estructurales en la arquitectura muscular del músculo vasto lateral en pacientes con diagnóstico de LES
Objective: To detect muscle structure alterations related to patients diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and to describe their relationship with disease activity and time of treatment. Methods: patients > 18 years with diagnosis of SLE affiliated to Sanitas Health System and treated during the period from January 2016 to September 2018. The demographic, clinical and serological information were obtained from the patient's medical records, prior to ultrasound examination from the proximal pennate triceps and vastus lateralis muscles. The qualitative and quantitative variables of the muscular architecture were evaluated (muscle thickness, fascicle length, angle of pennation, echogenicity, atrophy and muscular edema). Results: 21 patients were included of which 18 were women (85.7%), 19 of them in the age range of 18-50 years (90.4%), 15 patients reported myalgia in the interview (71%) and 7 presented loss of their strength in the MRC scale (33%). The majority of patients received a steroid-based treatment (95%) plus a disease-modifying medication. Ten patients presented a mild to moderate disease activity index (81.2%). Regarding ultrasound measurements, we found a relationship between a pennation angle of less than 11.4 degrees and the presence of atrophy with a value of p = 0.035. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal ultrasound is a useful non-invasive method for detecting changes in the muscle architecture of the vastus lateralis muscle in patients diagnosed with SLE.
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Humanos , Ultrassonografia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Sistema Musculoesquelético , MiositeRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: La tuberculosis abdominal es un problema reemergente, y es una de las enfermedades transmisibles más importante en todo el mundo. A pesar de las expectativas acerca de su erradicación en países en desarrollo, ha sido recientemente declarada de nuevo como una patología de emergencia mundial. Con el aumento de su incidencia y prevalencia, su forma abdominal es una de las presentaciones de afectación extrapulmonar más comunes. Objetivo: Dado que la tuberculosis puede afectar diversos órganos, tiene una amplia gama y gran espectro de signos y síntomas que dificultan su diagnóstico y retrasan el tratamiento. Por esto, se realiza esta revisión de tema, concentrándonos en que el alto índice de sospecha debe ser un factor importante en el diagnóstico precoz, para que una vez establecido, se pueda iniciar el tratamiento ayudando a prevenir y disminuir las altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad evidenciadas en la actualidad. Caso Clínico: Paciente joven con presencia de ascitis secundaria a tuberculosis abdominal confirmada por una biopsia y el aumento de la adenosin deaminasa en el líquido peritoneal. Se describen los principales hallazgos clínicos, paraclínicos, estudios imagenológicos y tratamiento.
Introduction: Abdominal tuberculosis is a reemerging problem and is one of the most important communicable diseases in the world. Despite expectations about the eradication in developing countries, it has recently been re-declared as a global emergency pathology. The increased incidence and prevalence shows an abdominal shape as one of the most common extrapulmonary involvement presentations. Objective: Since tuberculosis can affect various organs, it has a wide range and spectrum of signs and symptoms that make diagnosis difficult and delay treatment. Therefore, this review of the topic is done, concentrating on the fact that the high suspicion index should be an important factor in the early diagnosis. Treatment can be initiated helping to prevent and reduce high morbidity and mortality rates. Case Report: We present a case of a young patient with ascites secondary to abdominal tuberculosis confirmed by biopsy and increased adenosine deaminase in the peritoneal fluid. The main clinical findings, paraclinic, imaging studies and treatment are described.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Tuberculose Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Gastrointestinal/enzimologia , Peritonite Tuberculosa/diagnóstico , Peritonite Tuberculosa/enzimologia , Tuberculose Gastrointestinal/cirurgia , Peritonite Tuberculosa/cirurgia , Líquido Ascítico/química , Radiografia Torácica , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adenosina Desaminase/análise , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMO
Hernández-Hernández, Magda Elena, Jaime Morales-Romero, Clara Luz Sampieri, Diego Jesús Luna Lozano, Isidra del Carmen Valencia Lezama, Mónica Janett Muñoz Contreras, and Arturo Rodríguez Hernández. Association of urinary activity of MMP-2 with microalbuminuria in an isolated sample of subjects living in high altitude rural locations in México. High Alt Med Biol. 18:209-218, 2017.-Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are implicated in remodeling of the renal extracellular matrix. In a cross-sectional study we evaluated renal impairment in general population of high-altitude rural locations in México. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify the association between MMP-2 and MMP-9 and microalbuminuria. Twenty-eight (20.9%) subjects with renal impairment (WRI) and 106 (79.1%) without renal impairment were included. No differences were found relating to sex, location, marital status, current habits, weight, height, body mass index, waist size in males, creatinine in males, and uric acid. In contrast, differences were found among age, level of education, waist size in general and in females, creatinine in general and in females, urinary albumin, urea, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Proportions of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, central abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia were greater in the group WRI. Presence of urinary MMP-2 or of both urinary gelatinases and arbitrary unit (AU) values ≥P90 were associated with microalbuminuria. We conclude that AU values ≥P90 of urinary MMP-2 (OR = 20.1, p = 0.002) is associated with microalbuminuria.
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Albuminúria/etiologia , Altitude , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/urina , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/urina , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Fatores de Risco , População RuralRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Studying respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) transmission dynamics in a population of children aged less than 5 years-old using deterministic models. METHOD: A deterministic susceptible-infected-removed(SIR) mathematical model with seasonal forcing was used for the simulation. RESULTS: A mathematical epidemiological model (SIRS) with seasonal forcing was proposed which explained RSV dynamics between 2005 and 2010 in a population of children aged less than five years-old in Bogotá. CONCLUSIONS: The mathematical model (SIRS) with seasonal forcing explained the cyclical pattern of cases of children aged less than five years old infected with RSV in Bogotá, Colombia during the target period.