RESUMO

Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the cardiac tissue of variable etiology, both infectious and non-infectious. Its presentation can range from asymptomatic to fulminant forms. We present the case of a 24-year-old male patient with a history of autoimmune hepatitis in compensated cirrhotic phase. He consulted for dyspnea of 15 days evolution. He had presented gastrointestinal symptoms one month prior to the consultation. Physical examination revealed signs of heart failure. Laboratory examination showed elevated cardiac biomarkers and acute on chronic hepatic insufficiency. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed severe global biventricular dysfunction. The diagnostic hypotheses were cardiac involvement due to reactivation of autoimmune disease versus viral myocarditis. An MRI was performed which confirmed very severe ventricular dysfunction and late gadolinium enhancement suggestive of myocarditis. It was indicated treatment with methylprednisolone pulses. On the first day of hospitalization he evolved with clear signs of cardiogenic shock and ventricular arrhythmia refractory to medical treatment. After an exhaustive multidisciplinary evaluation, which was difficult due to his clinical condition, the possibility of a heart transplant was considered. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support was established as a bridge to transplantation. On the seventh day after ECMO, and after great improvement of the hepatogram parameters, the patient received a heart transplant. He had good postoperative evolution. However, he died two months after the transplant due to an opportunistic infection. The results of the biopsy of the explanted organ confirmed the diagnosis of lymphocytic myocarditis.

La miocarditis es una enfermedad inflamatoria del tejido cardíaco de etiología variable, infecciosa o no infecciosa. Su presentación va desde formas asintomáticas hasta fulminantes. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 24 años, con antecedente de hepatitis autoinmune, en fase cirrótica compensada. Consultó por disnea de 15 días de evolución. Presentó cuadro gastrointestinal un mes previo a la consulta. El examen físico reveló signos de sobrecarga hídrica. El laboratorio informó elevación de biomarcadores cardiacos, insuficiencia hepática aguda sobre crónica y graves trastornos de coagulación. Se realizó un ecocardiograma transtorácico que evidenció disfunción biventricular grave global, con adelgazamiento de las paredes. Las hipótesis diagnósticas fueron compromiso cardíaco por reactivación de enfermedad autoinmune versus miocarditis viral. Se realizó una resonancia magnética que confirmó la disfunción ventricular grave en la que se observó realce tardío de gadolinio sugestivo de miocarditis. Se indicó tratamiento con pulsos de metilprednisolona. El primer día de la internación evolucionó con signos de shock cardiogénico y arritmia ventricular refractaria al tratamiento. Posteriormente a una evaluación multidisciplinaria exhaustiva y dificultosa por el estado clínico, se planteó la posibilidad de un trasplante cardiaco. Se instauró soporte con membrana de oxigenación extracorpórea (ECMO) como puente al trasplante. Al séptimo día de colocado el ECMO, y luego de gran mejoría de los parámetros del hepatograma, recibió un trasplante cardíaco. Tuvo buena evolución postoperatoria, sin embargo, a los dos meses falleció por una infección oportunista. Los resultados de la biopsia del órgano explantado confirmaron el diagnóstico de miocarditis linfocítica.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumen La miocarditis es una enfermedad inflamatoria del tejido cardíaco de etiología variable, infecciosa o no in fecciosa. Su presentación va desde formas asintomáticas hasta fulminantes. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 24 años, con antecedente de hepatitis autoinmune, en fase cirrótica compensada. Consultó por disnea de 15 días de evolu ción. Presentó cuadro gastrointestinal un mes previo a la consulta. El examen físico reveló signos de sobrecarga hídrica. El laboratorio informó elevación de biomar cadores cardiacos, insuficiencia hepática aguda sobre crónica y graves trastornos de coagulación. Se realizó un ecocardiograma transtorácico que evidenció disfunción biventricular grave global, con adelgazamiento de las paredes. Las hipótesis diagnósticas fueron compromiso cardíaco por reactivación de enfermedad autoinmu ne versus miocarditis viral. Se realizó una resonancia magnética que confirmó la disfunción ventricular grave en la que se observó realce tardío de gadolinio suges tivo de miocarditis. Se indicó tratamiento con pulsos de metilprednisolona. El primer día de la internación evolucionó con signos de shock cardiogénico y arritmia ventricular refractaria al tratamiento. Posteriormente a una evaluación multidisciplinaria exhaustiva y dificulto sa por el estado clínico, se planteó la posibilidad de un trasplante cardiaco. Se instauró soporte con membrana de oxigenación extracorpórea (ECMO) como puente al trasplante. Al séptimo día de colocado el ECMO, y luego de gran mejoría de los parámetros del hepatograma, recibió un trasplante cardíaco. Tuvo buena evolución postoperatoria, sin embargo, a los dos meses falleció por una infección oportunista. Los resultados de la biopsia del órgano explantado confirmaron el diagnóstico de miocarditis linfocítica.

Abstract Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the cardiac tissue of variable etiology, both infectious and non-in fectious. Its presentation can range from asymptomatic to fulminant forms. We present the case of a 24-year-old male patient with a history of autoimmune hepatitis in compensated cirrhotic phase. He consulted for dyspnea of 15 days evolution. He had presented gastrointestinal symptoms one month prior to the consultation. Physical examina tion revealed signs of heart failure. Laboratory examina tion showed elevated cardiac biomarkers and acute on chronic hepatic insufficiency. A transthoracic echocar diogram showed severe global biventricular dysfunction. The diagnostic hypotheses were cardiac involvement due to reactivation of autoimmune disease versus viral myocarditis. An MRI was performed which confirmed very severe ventricular dysfunction and late gadolinium enhancement suggestive of myocarditis. It was indicated treatment with methylprednisolone pulses. On the first day of hospitalization he evolved with clear signs of car diogenic shock and ventricular arrhythmia refractory to medical treatment. After an exhaustive multidisciplinary evaluation, which was difficult due to his clinical condi tion, the possibility of a heart transplant was considered. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support was established as a bridge to transplantation. On the seventh day after ECMO, and after great improvement of the hepatogram parameters, the patient received a heart transplant. He had good postoperative evolution. However, he died two months after the transplant due to an opportunistic infection. The results of the biopsy of the explanted organ confirmed the diagnosis of lym phocytic myocarditis.

RESUMO

Ovarian hyperthecosis or ovarian stromal hyperplasia is a non-neoplastic functional disorder resulting from the presence of luteinized thecal cells within a hyperplastic ovarian stroma. The condition is more common in postmenopausal women than in those of reproductive age and leads to substantial clinical and laboratory alterations, principally androgenetic alopecia, progressive hirsutism, and elevated testosterone levels. Investigation should include clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging tests to differentiate between the principal diagnostic hypotheses. The gold standard for diagnosis is histopathology of the ovarian tissue. The present case report describes a woman being followed up as an outpatient at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital in Vitória, Brazil. The objective in publishing this case report is to add to available data on ovarian hyperthecosis, thus contributing towards improving timely diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment would ensure better quality of life for patients with this condition and better physical and mental health. Moreover, these data should be useful both for the medical community and for future research into this disease.

RESUMO

Takotsubo syndrome is a generally reversible cardiomyopathy often related to a stressor trigger, either physical or emotional. It is estimated that this entity represents between 1 and 6% of the cases of suspected acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation in women. Coexistence with coronary artery disease has been a matter of long controversy. On this matter, we present the clinical case of a 79-year-old hypertensive and dyslipidemic female with smocking history, who was referred to our institution presenting an episode of chest pain with anginal characteristics. During the conducted interrogation, she reported having been overpassing a stressfull moment in her private life. The electrocardiogram showed deep and diffuse negative T waves with prolonged QT interval. Laboratory findings revealed dissociation of biomarkers (troponin/ProBNP), and the transthoracic Doppler echocardiogram showed left ventricular dysfunction with apical ballooning. Given the differential diagnoses of acute coronary syndrome and TakoTsubo syndrome, a coronary angiography was performed, which revealed multiple epicardial coronary disease. However, due to the strong suspicion of stress cardiomyopathy, a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium was performed, which showed an improvement in the ejection fraction prior to revascularization with the presence of myocardial edema and absence of late gadolinium enhancement. The aforementioned characteristics led to the diagnosis of Takotsubo syndrome. The final decision of revascularization was based on the fact that the patient's principal complaint was typical anginal symptoms.

El síndrome de Takotsubo es una miocardiopatía generalmente reversible y con frecuencia relacionada a un desencadenante estresor ya sea físico o emocional. Se estima que esta entidad representa entre el 1 y 6% de los cuadros de sospecha de síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST en mujeres. La coexistencia con enfermedad coronaria ha sido objetivo de debate durante mucho tiempo. Se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 79 años, hipertensa, dislipémica y ex tabaquista que consulta a la guardia por presentar un episodio de dolor precordial con características anginosas. En el interrogatorio refirió situación estresante en su entorno familiar los días previos. El electrocardiograma mostró ondas T negativas profundas y difusas con prolongación del intervalo QT. En el laboratorio se observó disociación de marcadores (troponina/ ProBNP). En el ecocardiograma Doppler transtorácico se evidenció deterioro de la función ventricular con balonamiento apical. Ante los diagnósticos diferenciales de síndrome coronario agudo y síndrome de Takotsubo se realizó una cinecoronariografía en la cual se evidenció compromiso de las tres arterias coronarias epicárdicas. Pese a esto, por la fuerte sospecha de miocardiopatía por estrés se realizó una resonancia magnética cardíaca con gadolinio, la cual demostró mejoría de fracción de eyección previa a la revascularización con presencia de edema miocárdico y sin realce tardío de gadolinio. Las características mencionadas condujeron al diagnóstico de síndrome de Takotsubo. La decisión de revascularización, estuvo fundamentada en el hecho de que la consulta fue motivada por síntomas anginosos típicos con el esfuerzo.

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Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumen El síndrome de Takotsubo es una miocardiopatía generalmente reversible y con frecuencia relacionada a un desencadenante estresor ya sea físico o emocional. Se estima que esta entidad representa entre el 1 y 6% de los cuadros de sospecha de síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST en mujeres. La coexistencia con enfermedad coronaria ha sido objetivo de debate durante mucho tiempo. Se pre senta el caso clínico de una mujer de 79 años, hipertensa, dislipémica y ex tabaquista que consulta a la guardia por presentar un episodio de dolor precordial con características anginosas. En el interrogatorio refirió situación estresante en su entorno familiar los días previos. El electrocardiograma mostró ondas T negativas profundas y difusas con prolongación del intervalo QT. En el laboratorio se observó disociación de marcadores (troponina/ ProBNP). En el ecocardiograma Doppler transtorácico se evidenció deterioro de la función ventricular con balo namiento apical. Ante los diagnósticos diferenciales de síndrome coronario agudo y síndrome de Takotsubo se realizó una cinecoronariografía en la cual se evidenció compromiso de las tres arterias coronarias epicárdicas. Pese a esto, por la fuerte sospecha de miocardiopatía por estrés se realizó una resonancia magnética cardíaca con gadolinio, la cual demostró mejoría de fracción de eyección previa a la revascularización con presencia de edema miocárdico y sin realce tardío de gadolinio. Las características mencionadas condujeron al diagnóstico de síndrome de Takotsubo. La decisión de revascularización, estuvo fundamentada en el hecho de que la consulta fue motivada por síntomas anginosos típicos con el esfuerzo.

Abstract Takotsubo syndrome is a generally reversible cardiomyopathy often related to a stressor trigger, either physical or emotional. It is esti mated that this entity represents between 1 and 6% of the cases of suspected acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation in women. Coexistence with coronary artery disease has been a matter of long controversy. On this matter, we present the clinical case of a 79-year-old hypertensive and dyslipidemic female with smocking history, who was referred to our institution presenting an episode of chest pain with anginal characteristics. During the conducted interrogation, she reported having been overpassing a stressfull moment in her private life. The electrocardiogram showed deep and diffuse negative T waves with prolonged QT interval. Laboratory findings revealed dissociation of biomarkers (troponin/ProBNP), and the transthoracic Doppler echocardiogram showed left ventricular dysfunction with apical ballooning. Given the differential diagnoses of acute coronary syndrome and TakoTsubo syndrome, a coronary angiography was performed, which revealed multiple epicardial coronary disease. However, due to the strong suspicion of stress cardiomyopathy, a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium was performed, which showed an improvement in the ejection fraction prior to revasculariza tion with the presence of myocardial edema and absence of late gadolinium enhancement. The aforementioned characteristics led to the diagnosis of Takotsubo syndrome. The final decision of revascularization was based on the fact that the patient's principal complaint was typical anginal symptoms.

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RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Several parameters have proven useful in assessing prognosis in outpatients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In contrast, prognostic determinants in HFpEF hospitalized for an acute event are poorly investìgated. AIM: To determine the predictive value of NT-proBNP, and diastolic function (assessed by E/e'), in patients with HFpEF hospitalized for acute heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated 205 consecutive HFpEF patients admitted for acute heart failure (median age: 76[53,81], 36% male, median EF: 61 [54,77]). We assessed clinical, echocardiographic, and NT-proBNP values, on admission and at discharge. Primary end-point was the composite of all-cause death and/or HF rehospitalization. After a mean follow up of 28±10 months, 82 patients met the primary end-point; there were 30 deaths (14.6%), and 72 patients (35%) were rehospitalized for HF. By multivariable analysis, predictors of the composite end-point were: discharge E/e´ ≥14 (HR: 4.63 CI 95%: 2.71-18.2, p<0.0001), discharge NT-proBNP ≥1500 pg/ml (HR: 5.23, CI 95%: 2.87-17.8, p < 0.0001), ≥50% NT-proBNP decrease between admission and discharge (HR: 0.62, CI 95%: 0.25-0.79, p = 0.019). Combining E/e´ and NT-proBNP values at discharge further and significantly improved discrimination power compared to each variable analyzed separately (AUC, NT-proBNP at discharge: 0.80; E/e´ at discharge: 0.77; E/e´ + NT-proBNP: 0.88; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In HFpEF patients hospitalized with acute heart failure, assessment of E/e´ ratio and NT-proBNP at discharge provides prognostic information on top of other variables, and allows to easily identify a population at higher risk of subsequent death or rehospitalization for heart failure, during a medium-term follow up.

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This data article provides an extensive and complete description of the high spatial resolution inventory (HSRI) estimation shown in the article "High resolution inventory of atmospheric emissions from livestock production, agriculture, and biomass burning sectors of Argentina" Puliafito et al. [1], and its comparison with several sectors in Argentina. The dataset provided are high-resolution inventories (0.025° × 0.025° lat/long) for CO2, CH4, N2O and another 8 species from livestock, biomass burning, agriculture and another 12 sectors (based on 2016 year). In addition, we also provide the database for 2014 using the same methodology. The dataset presented are necessary to improve input inventories for air quality models. Also, they are better to inform and guide the stakeholders, in making decisions related to environmental protection and health promotion, as well as assessing the environmental performance in terms of atmospheric emissions of an activity, sector or region in Argentina.