RESUMO

Background and aims: Dyslipidaemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the Mexican population. This analysis aimed to describe the baseline LDL-c levels of patients presenting to cardiovascular clinics and evaluate the proportion who achieved their risk-based LDL-c goals as recommended by 2021 ESC prevention guidelines. Methods: The REMECAR registry is an observational study of patients attending a specialized cardiovascular clinic for their first visit. The cardiovascular risk was retrospectively determined using the 2021 ESC guideline stratification and the SCORE2 and SCORE-OP. Results: A total of 5443 patients were included in the analysis. Within this population, 55.96% presented as very high, 39.98% as high and 4.06% as moderate to low risk. 63% of the participants were not on any lipid-lowering treatment at entry, while 12.4% were receiving high-intensity statin therapy. Patients presenting with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease had a mean LDL-c of 90.9 ± 40.7 mg/dL. Of these, 14.1% were achieving LDL-c levels of 70-55 mg/dL and 19.3% were achieving LDL-c levels <55 mg/dL. In diabetic patients at very high risk, only 25.7% achieved their LDL-c goal. Finally, in patients without another risk factor and very high-risk evaluated by SCORE2 & SCORE-OP, only 14% of patients achieved their LDL-c goals. Conclusions: An important number of patients were not receiving any lipid-lowering therapy. Furthermore, in those who were, a significant portion did not achieve LDL-c recommended thresholds. Our results underline the urgent need to improve the prescription and optimization of lipid-lowering therapy as the current management appears to be insufficient for achieving optimal recommended goals. Identifying key barriers in lipid management is fundamental to establishing better strategies and health system policies to reduce cardiovascular risk.

RESUMO

The non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a neoplastic entity that presents in extranodal form in 20 % of cases, usually occurs as solitary or generalized lymphadenopathy. There may be misdiagnosis if it manifests as primary extranodal disease because the primary infiltration may occur with different organs, despite the difficulty of diagnosis of primary extranodal location of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, histological and immunohistochemical studies are effective in preventing misdiagnosis. The presentation of this case is to describe this condition in its extranodal variety with cardiac infiltration in a 23 year-old woman with progressive dyspnea. Tumor mass was detected in right-atrial, venous catheterization biopsy was performed, this enabled the histopathological diagnosis and establish treatment. We present experiences from the attention of the case and review of the literature with special reference to diagnosis and treatment.

El linfoma no Hodgkin es una entidad neoplásica que puede presentarse extraganglionarmente en el 20 % de los casos, habitualmente se presenta como linfadenopatía solitaria o generalizada. Se puede presentar error en el diagnóstico si se manifiesta enfermedad primaria extraganglionar ya que pueden presentarse con infiltración primaria a diferentes órganos, a pesar de la dificultad del diagnóstico de linfoma no Hodgkin de localización primaria extraganglionar, los estudios histológicos e inmunohistoquímicos son efectivos a la hora de evitar un diagnóstico erróneo. La presentación de este caso tiene como objetivo describir este padecimiento en su variedad extraganglionar con infiltración cardiaca en una paciente de 23 años que debutó con disnea progresiva. Se detectó una masa tumoral intraauricular derecha, por lo que se realizó biopsia por cateterismo venoso, que permitió hacer el diagnóstico histopatológico y establecer el tratamiento. Se presentan las experiencias derivadas de la atención del caso y revisión de la literatura médica con especial referencia al diagnóstico y tratamiento.

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RESUMO

Cardiac tumors are rare entities in clinical practice, with an incidence of 0.05%. Approximately 75% are benign and 25% malignant. Among these, Lymphomas are uncommon, representing about 0.25%. The non-Hodgkin lymphomas can occur in extranodal tissues in 20% of the cases and 80% of these non-Hodgkin lymphomas are composed of diffuse B cells. The extranodal presentation is most frequent in young adults, with a high degree of malignancy and rapid growth. It can present with primary infiltration of various organs; cardiac involvement occurs in 20 to 28% of cases, usually located in the right chambers and with nonspecific symptoms, depending on the location and extent of the tumor. The diagnostic test in these cases is undoubtedly the biopsy of the lymph node or the affected tissue. We present the case of non-Hodgkin disease of diffuse large cells, with right intra-atrial involvement in a 23-year-old-female patient, who presented with progressive dyspnea. A transesophageal echocardiography was performed and an intra-atrial tumor mass was detected. A biopsy was performed, by femoral venous catheterization, allowing the establishment of the histopathological diagnosis and treatment. At a one year follow up, the patient shows complete remission.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Los tumores cardíacos, son entidades raras en la práctica médica, tienen una incidencia del 0,05%, aproximadamente el 75% es benigno y un 25% maligno. De estos el linfoma es infrecuente representando alrededor del 0,25%. Los linfomas no Hodgkin pueden ser extranodales en el 20% de los casos, así mismo el 80% de los linfomas no Hodgkin son de células B difusos, que es la forma más frecuente de presentación en adultos jóvenes; corresponden a alto grado de malignidad y crecimiento rápido, pueden presentarse con infiltración primaria a diferentes órganos, con afectación cardiaca en 20 a 28% de los casos y suelen localizarse en las cavidades derechas. Los síntomas son inespecíficos, dependientes de la localización y extensión del tumor y la prueba diagnóstica en estos casos es indudablemente la biopsia ya sea del ganglio linfático o del tejido afectado. Se presenta un caso de linfoma no Hodgkin difuso, de células grandes con afectación intra-auricular derecha, en una paciente de 23 años que debutó con disnea progresiva. Se realizó un ecocardiograma transesofágico que detectó una masa tumoral intra-auricular derecha, por lo que se realizó biopsia por cateterismo venoso por vía femoral, que permitió hacer el diagnóstico histopatológico y establecer el tratamiento, con lo cual se encuentra en primera remisión completa a un año del evento.

Cardiac tumors are rare entities in clinical practice, with an incidence of 0.05%. Approximately 75% are benign and 25% malignant. Among these, Lymphomas are uncommon, representing about 0.25%. The non-Hodgkin lymphomas can occur in extranodal tissues in 20% of the cases and 80% of these non-Hodgkin lymphomas are composed of diffuse B cells. The extranodal presentation is most frequent in young adults, with a high degree of malignancy and rapid growth. It can present with primary infiltration of various organs; cardiac involvement occurs in 20 to 28% of cases, usually located in the right chambers and with nonspecific symptoms, depending on the location and extent of the tumor. The diagnostic test in these cases is undoubtedly the biopsy of the lymph node or the affected tissue. We present the case of non-Hodgkin disease of diffuse large cells, with right intra-atrial involvement in a 23-year-old-female patient, who presented with progressive dyspnea. A transesophageal echocardiography was performed and an intra-atrial tumor mass was detected. A biopsy was performed, by femoral venous catheterization, allowing the establishment of the histopathological diagnosis and treatment. At a one year follow up, the patient shows complete remission.

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