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BACKGROUND: One strategy to prevent adverse effects resulting from chemotherapy treatment is to perform physical exercises during treatment. However, there is still no consensus on the best type and intensity of exercise, nor when it should be started. Most studies have been carried out in patients with breast cancer, usually a few weeks after starting chemotherapy, on an outpatient basis 2 to 3 times a week. The main differences in our study are that we carried out physical training in hospitalized patients undergoing a cycle of chemotherapy for cancer treatment and that this training was carried out 5 times a week and was not restricted to a specific type of cancer. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effects of aerobic training on symptoms related to chemotherapy (nausea, vomiting, asthenia, and sensation of weakness), fatigue, mobility, clinical complications, and length of hospital stay of patients during the drug treatment cycle. We also evaluated patient satisfaction with the proposed intervention, the adverse effects of aerobics training, and the cost-effectiveness of this intervention. METHODS: This is a controlled and randomized trial with blinded evaluation that will include 94 hospitalized patients with cancer for 1 or more cycles of chemotherapy. The intervention group will perform aerobic training during a cycle of chemotherapy. The control group will receive a booklet with guidelines for staying active during the hospitalization period. The groups will be compared using a linear mixed model for fatigue, mobility, and chemotherapy-related symptoms before and after the intervention. The length of hospital stay will also be compared between groups using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The incidence of complications will be compared using the χ2 test. Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses will be performed for the impact of exercise and quality-adjusted life years with the EQ-5D-3L-21 quality of life trials. The implementation variables (acceptability, suitability, and feasibility) will be evaluated by frequencies. RESULTS: The clinical trial registration was approved in March 2023. Recruitment and data collection for the trial are ongoing, and the results of this study are likely to be published in late 2025. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy has side effects that negatively impact the quality of life of patients with cancer. Aerobic exercise can reduce these side effects in a simple and inexpensive way. The field of work of physical therapists could be expanded to oncology if the intervention works. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos RBR-6b4zwx3; https://tinyurl.com/39c4c7wz. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/60828.

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INTRODUCTION: Cardiac surgery is a frequent surgical procedure and may present a high risk of complications. Among the prophylactic strategies studied to decrease the rates of negative outcomes, respiratory care seems to reduce pulmonary complications. Incentive spirometry (IS) is a low-cost, respiratory exercise technique, used for the prevention and treatment of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC). The aim of this review was to evaluate whether IS is superior to respiratory care, mobilization exercises, and noninvasive ventilation on PPC, and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Systematic review. Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (or MEDLINE®), Embase®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (or CENTRAL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (or PEDro), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (or CINAHL®), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (or LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (or SciELO), Allied, Scopus®, and OpenGrey databases, clinical trial registration sites, conferences, congresses, and symposiums were searched. RESULTS: Twenty-one randomized trials and one quasi-randomized trial (1,677 participants) were included. For partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), IS was inferior to respiratory care (mean difference [MD] -4.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] -8.32 to -0.63). Flow-oriented IS was inferior to respiratory care on PaO2 (MD -4.53; 95% CI -8.88 to -0.18). However, compared to respiratory care, flow-oriented IS was superior on recovery vital capacity. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis revealed that IS was not superior to standard respiratory care for PPCs and clinical outcomes, therefore its use should not be widely recommended until further studies with high quality be performed to ensure this clinical guidance.

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PURPOSE: This study examined the clinimetrics of the Brazilian-Portuguese translation of the Grade-4/5 Motor Activity Log (MAL 4/5), which assesses everyday use of the more affected upper-limb (UL) in stroke survivors with moderate/severe or severe motor impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The translated MAL 4/5 was administered to 47 stroke survivors with moderate/severe or severe UL motor impairment. Accelerometers were worn on participants' wrists for five days on average prior to the first assessment. Test-retest and inter-rater reliabilities were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), internal consistency using Cronbach's α, and construct validity was tested with correlations with the accelerometry. The measurement error (SEM) and the minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated. RESULTS: MAL4/5-Brazil's test-retest reliability (AOU: ICC = 0.84; QOU: ICC = 0.90), inter-rater reliability (AOU: ICC = 0.83; QOU: ICC = 0.91), internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.91 and 0.95 for AOU and QOU scales, respectively), the SEM and MDC were 0.3 and 0.8 points for the AOU subscale and 0.2 and 0.5 points for the QOU subscale, respectively. The construct validity (AOU scale: r = 0.67; QOU scale: r = 0.76) was high. CONCLUSION: Grade-4/5 Motor Activity Log-Brazil is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the more-affected UL use of stroke patients with moderate/severe or severe UL motor impairments.

Reliability and concurrent validity of the Grade-4/5 MAL-Brazil were established in adults with hemiparesis moderate/severe or severe upper extremity post Stroke.The minimum detectable change for the Grade-4/5 MAL-Brazil was 0.8 points for the Amount of Use scale and 0.5 points for the Quality of Use scale.Data from the accelerometry supports the construct validity of this instrument.The assessment can now be used clinically and for research in adults with impairment upper extremity moderate/severe or severe post Stroke.

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ABSTRACT - This study aimed to evaluate the relation between the postural pattern according to the Godelieve Denys-Struyf (GDS) method with postpartum depression and pain in immediate postpartum women. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 29 women at 1-3 postpartum days. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) assessed depression and Visual Numerical Scale assessed pain score (from 0=no pain to 10=the most intense pain). Postural pattern was categorized into groups according to the deviation plane: axial (anteromedial, posteromedial, anteroposterior, and posteroanterior postures) and relational (anterolateral and posterolateral postures) or mixed, considering upper and lower limbs. Participants' age ranged from 19 to 41 years, body mass index from 21.4 to 43.8 kg/m 2 . The EPDS scored from 10 to 26 points. In total, 52% women reported pain, but the pain score was similar among postural pattern groups (p=0.77) and not correlated with EPDS (p=0.88). Women's postural patterns were: mixed (45%), relational (38%), and axial (17%). EPDS score was higher for relational pattern group than axial group (20.45±1.63 vs 15.00±3.24; p=0.01). In conclusion, the mixed postural pattern was the most frequent. The relational postural pattern group (anterolateral and posterolateral posture) presented a higher depression score than the axial postural pattern group. No association was found between postural patterns and the pain score or between pain and postpartum depression.

RESUMEN - El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre el patrón postural según el método Godelieve Denys-Struyf (GDS), la depresión postparto y el dolor en mujeres en el puerperio inmediato. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 29 mujeres en el período entre 1 y 3 días después del parto. Se evaluaron la depresión mediante la Escala de Depresión Postparto de Edimburgo (EPDS) y el dolor mediante la Escala Numérica Visual del Dolor (0=ningún dolor, 10=dolor intenso). El patrón postural se categorizó según el plano de la alteración postural: axial (planos anteromedial, posteromedial, anteroposterior y posteroanterior), relacional (planos anterolateral y posterolateral) o mixto considerando tanto las extremidades superiores como las inferiores. Los resultados mostraron que las mujeres, de entre 19 y 41 años de edad, tenían un índice de masa corporal entre 21,4 y 43,8 kg/m2. La puntuación de la EPDS osciló entre 10 y 26 puntos. El 52% de las mujeres declararon sentir dolor, pero la puntuación en la escala de dolor fue similar en los tres grupos de patrones posturales (p=0,77) y no hubo correlación con la puntuación de la EPDS (p=0,88). Los patrones posturales presentados fueron mixto (45%), relacional (38%) y axial (17%). La puntuación de la EPDS fue mayor en el grupo de patrón postural relacional en comparación con el axial (20,45±1,63 vs. 15,00±3,24; p=0,01). Se concluye que el patrón postural mixto fue el más frecuente entre las mujeres. El grupo con un patrón postural relacional (planos anterolateral y posterolateral) obtuvo mayores tasas en la EPDS que el axial. No hubo asociación entre el patrón postural y la puntuación en la escala de dolor ni entre el dolor y la depresión.

RESUMO - O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre o padrão postural, de acordo com o método Godelieve Denys-Struyf (GDS), a depressão pós-parto e a dor em mulheres no puerpério imediato. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 29 mulheres no período de 1 a 3 dias após o parto. A depressão foi avaliada por meio da Escala de Depressão Pós-parto de Edimburgo (EPDS) e a dor pela Escala Visual Numérica de dor (0=ausência de dor, 10=pior dor possível). O padrão postural foi categorizado de acordo com o plano do desvio da postura: axial (posturas ântero-medial, póstero-medial, ântero-posterior e póstero-anterior), relacional (posturas ântero-lateral e póstero-lateral) ou misto, considerando membros superiores e inferiores. Como resultados, as mulheres, entre 19 e 41 anos de idade, apresentaram índice de massa corporal entre 21,4 e 43,8 kg/m 2 . A pontuação na EPDS variou de 10 a 26 pontos. 52% das mulheres relataram sentir dor, porém a pontuação na escala de dor foi similar nos três grupos de padrão postural (p=0,77) e não houve correlação com a pontuação na EPDS (p=0,88). Os padrões posturais apresentados foram: misto (45%), relacional (38%) e axial (17%). A pontuação da EPDS foi maior para o grupo de padrão postural relacional, em comparação com o axial (20,45±1,63 vs 15,00±3,24; p=0,01). Como conclusão, o padrão postural misto foi o mais frequente entre as mulheres. O grupo com padrão postural relacional (posturas ântero-lateral e póstero-lateral) apresentou maior pontuação na EPDS que o axial. Não houve associação entre o padrão postural e a pontuação na escala de dor ou entre a dor e a depressão.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiac surgery is a frequent surgical procedure and may present a high risk of complications. Among the prophylactic strategies studied to decrease the rates of negative outcomes, respiratory care seems to reduce pulmonary complications. Incentive spirometry (IS) is a low-cost, respiratory exercise technique, used for the prevention and treatment of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC). The aim of this review was to evaluate whether IS is superior to respiratory care, mobilization exercises, and noninvasive ventilation on PPC, and clinical outcomes. Methods: Systematic review. Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (or MEDLINE®), Embase®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (or CENTRAL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (or PEDro), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (or CINAHL®), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (or LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (or SciELO), Allied, Scopus®, and OpenGrey databases, clinical trial registration sites, conferences, congresses, and symposiums were searched. Results: Twenty-one randomized trials and one quasi-randomized trial (1,677 participants) were included. For partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), IS was inferior to respiratory care (mean difference [MD] -4.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] -8.32 to -0.63). Flow-oriented IS was inferior to respiratory care on PaO2 (MD -4.53; 95% CI -8.88 to -0.18). However, compared to respiratory care, flow-oriented IS was superior on recovery vital capacity. Conclusions: This meta-analysis revealed that IS was not superior to standard respiratory care for PPCs and clinical outcomes, therefore its use should not be widely recommended until further studies with high quality be performed to ensure this clinical guidance.

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BACKGROUND: Previous research has suggested that most adults improve their asthma control after a short-term behavioral intervention program to increase physical activity in daily life (PADL). However, the characteristics of individuals who respond and do not respond to this intervention and the medium-term response remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to (1) identify the characteristics of adult responders and nonresponders with asthma to a behavioral intervention to increase physical activity and (2) evaluate the functional and clinical benefits in the medium term. METHODS: This prospective pragmatic study will include adults with moderate to severe asthma who enroll in a behavioral intervention. All individuals will receive an educational program and an 8-week intervention to increase PADL (1 time/wk; up to 90 min/session). The educational program will be conducted in a class setting through group discussions and video presentations. Behavioral interventions will be based on the transtheoretical model using counseling, incentives, and individual feedback aiming to increase participation in physical activity. Motivational interviewing and guidelines for overcoming barriers will be used to stimulate individuals to reach their goals. Pre- and postintervention assessments will include the following: PADL (triaxial accelerometry), body composition (octopolar bioimpedance), barriers to PADL (questionnaire), clinical asthma control (Asthma Control Questionnaire), quality of life (Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire), anxiety and depression levels (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and exacerbations. "Responders" to the intervention will be defined as those who demonstrate an increase in the number of daily steps (≥2500). RESULTS: In December 2021, the clinical trial registration was approved. Recruitment and data collection for the trial is ongoing, and the results of this study are likely to be published in late 2024. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention will likely promote different effects according to the clinical characteristics of the individuals, including asthma control, age, anxiety and depression levels, obesity, and several comorbidities. Identifying individuals who respond or do not respond to behavioral interventions to increase PADL will help clinicians prescribe specific interventions to adults with asthma. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05159076; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05159076. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/49032.

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Introdução: Cerca de 31% dos pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 perdem mais de 5% de seu peso inicial, levando a fraqueza muscular. Portanto, a composição corporal tornou-se foco de investigação, para estimar comprometimento pulmonar, força da musculatura inspiratória e mortalidade. Objetivos: Investigar se a perda de peso e a composição corporal de pacientes internados com COVID-19 influenciam na função pulmonar e na força muscular inspiratória após alta hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo transversal. Pacientes adultos foram avaliados após internação por COVID-19. Os desfechos avaliados foram função pulmonar, pressão inspiratória máxima (Pimáx), composição corporal e mortalidade. As correlações entre as variáveis foram estimadas pelo Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson. Resultados: A capacidade Vital Forçada (CVF) foi correlacionada com perda de peso, massa muscular esquelética, massa magra, perna esquerda e massa livre de gordura; o volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) correlacionou-se apenas com a perda de peso; e a Pimáx foi correlacionada com massa muscular esquelética, massa magra, perna esquerda, perna direita e massa livre de gordura. Conclusão: Observou-se correlação moderada entre CVF e as variáveis de composição corporal analisadas, exceto massa magra da perna esquerda; entre VEF1 e perda de peso; e entre Pimáx e as variáveis de composição corporal analisadas, exceto perda de peso.

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Background: Illness perception (IP) is a psychosocial factor involved in several chronic diseases and is associated with relevant clinical outcomes. However, the relationship between IP and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychosocial status, and physical activity in daily life (PADL) in subjects with asthma is poorly understood.Objective: To identify groups of subjects with asthma based on their IPs and to assess their association with clinical control, HRQoL, psychosocial disturbances, and PADL.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 149 subjects with moderate to severe asthma. IP, anthropometric data, Asthma Control Questionnaire-7, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, PADL (accelerometry), and general self-efficacy (GSE) were assessed. Cluster analysis was performed to identify clusters with similar profiles and investigate their characteristics and differences. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to test the associations between IP and other variables.Results: Statistical analyses identified two clusters of subjects with asthma based on IP. Cluster 1 presented worse IP in seven out of eight domains than Cluster 2. Cluster 1 had more negative consequences of the disease, worse understanding, and a high emotional representation of the disease than Cluster 2. Cluster 1 also had a greater extent of asthma symptoms, poor clinical control, worse HRQoL, and more symptoms of anxiety and depression. No difference between clusters was found for PADL or self-efficacy.Conclusion: Subjects with asthma who have worse IP have more negative symptoms, worse clinical control, HRQoL, and symptoms of anxiety and depression.

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ABSTRACT The use of support devices may facilitate the perception of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction, which is difficult to be performed. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the perception of PFM contraction in the sitting position during the use of two different support devices on women with PFM dysfunction. This is a cross-sectional study performed with 37 women with stress or mixed urinary incontinence (UI). All women performed three free PFM contractions sitting on a chair, followed by three contractions using each support device (sand pads and a cylindrical foam, which provide sciatic and perineal support, respectively). Women scored the perception of PFM contraction from 1 to 5, as well as the perception of facilitation of contraction (higher grades show better results) and discomfort (higher grades show more discomfort) when compared with free contraction. The cylindrical foam presented similar results to sand pads for the perception of PFM contraction (2.84±1.61 vs. 3.19±1.43; p=0.34) and facilitation of contraction (3.38±1.34 vs. 3.19±1.54; p=0.61), as well as for their discomfort (1.83±1.23 vs. 1.5±1.16; p=0.20). Of all women, 57% preferred sand pads. Thus, both sand pads (sciatic support) and the cylindrical foam (perineal support) improved the perception of PFM contraction and facilitation of contraction in the sitting position of women with PFM dysfunction when compared with sitting with no device. The two devices presented no difference between them.

RESUMO O uso de dispositivos de suporte pode auxiliar na percepção da contração dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (AP). O objetivo deste estudo foi, comparar na posição sentada, a percepção da contração dos músculos do AP durante o uso de dois tipos diferentes de dispositivos, em mulheres com disfunção dos músculos do AP. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo transversal com 37 mulheres com incontinência urinária (IU) de esforço ou mista. Primeiro as participantes faziam três contrações livres dos músculos do AP sem o uso de dispositivos, sentadas em uma cadeira. Em seguida, faziam três contrações utilizando cada um dos dois dispositivos: almofadas de areia e uma espuma cilíndrica, que forneciam apoio isquiático e perineal, respectivamente. As pacientes atribuíram nota de 1 a 5 para a percepção que tiveram da contração dos músculos do AP, da facilitação da contração (quanto maior a nota, melhor o resultado) e do desconforto com o dispositivo (quanto maior a nota, maior o desconforto) em comparação às contrações livres. Como resultados principais, verificou-se que o uso da almofada cilíndrica foi similar ao das almofadas de areia para a percepção da contração dos músculos do AP (2,84±1,61 vs. 3,19±1,43; p=0,34), e da facilitação da contração (3,38±1,34 vs. 3,19±1,54; p=0,61), assim como do desconforto (1,83±1,23 vs. 1,5±1,16; p=0,20). Entre as participantes, 57% relataram preferir as almofadas de areia. Concluiu-se que em mulheres com incontinência urinária, tanto as almofadas de areia (apoio isquiático) quanto a espuma cilíndrica (apoio perineal) melhoraram a percepção da contração e facilitaram a contração dos músculos do assoalho pélvico na posição sentada, não havendo, no entanto, diferença entre os dispositivos.

RESUMEN Las herramientas de apoyo pueden ayudar en la percepción de la contracción de los músculos del suelo pélvico (SP), que no siempre es fácil de obtener su medición. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar si dos tipos diferentes de herramientas ayudan a las mujeres con disfunción muscular del SP a contraer estos músculos en posición sentada. Para ello, se realizó un estudio transversal con 37 mujeres con incontinencia urinaria (IU) de esfuerzo o mixta. Primero, las participantes realizaron tres contracciones libres de los músculos del SP sentadas en una silla, sin el uso de herramientas de apoyo. Luego, realizaron tres contracciones utilizando cada uno de los dos dispositivos de apoyo: almohadillas de arena y espuma cilíndrica, que brindan apoyo isquiático y perineal, respectivamente. Las participantes deberían asignar una puntuación de 1 a 5 cuanto a su percepción de la contracción muscular del SP, de la facilitación de la contracción (cuanto mayor sea la puntuación, mejor será el resultado) y la incomodidad con la herramienta (cuanto mayor sea la puntuación, mayor será la incomodidad) en comparación con las contracciones libres. Los principales resultados encontrados apuntan que el uso de la almohadilla cilíndrica fue similar al de las almohadillas de arena en cuanto a su percepción de la contracción de los músculos del SP (2,84±1,61 vs. 3,19±1,43; p=0,34), y la facilitación de la contracción (3,38±1,34 vs. 3,19±1,54; p=0,61), así como la incomodidad (1,83±1,23 vs. 1,5±1,16; p=0,20). El 57% de las participantes informó preferir las almohadillas de arena. Se concluyó que tanto las almohadillas de arena (apoyo isquiático) como la espuma cilíndrica (apoyo perineal) mejoraron la percepción y la facilitación de la contracción muscular del SP en posición sentada de mujeres con disfunción muscular del SP en comparación con la ausencia de la herramienta, sin embargo, hay no hubo diferencia entre las herramientas.

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OBJECTIVE: To identify factors that lead to a positive oxygenation response and predictive factors of mortality after prone positioning. METHODS: This was a retrospective, multicenter, cohort study involving seven hospitals in Brazil. Inclusion criteria were being > 18 years of age with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, being on invasive mechanical ventilation, having a PaO2/FIO2 ratio < 150 mmHg, and being submitted to prone positioning. After the first prone positioning session, a 20 mmHg improvement in the PaO2/FIO2 ratio was defined as a positive response. RESULTS: The study involved 574 patients, 412 (72%) of whom responded positively to the first prone positioning session. Multiple logistic regression showed that responders had lower Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS III)/SOFA scores and lower D-dimer levels (p = 0.01; p = 0.04; and p = 0.04, respectively). It was suggested that initial SAPS III and initial PaO2/FIO2 were predictors of oxygenation response. The mortality rate was 69.3%. Increased risk of mortality was associated with age (OR = 1.04 [95 CI: 1.01-1.06]), time to first prone positioning session (OR = 1.18 [95 CI: 1.06-1.31]), number of sessions (OR = 1.31 [95% CI: 1.00-1.72]), proportion of pulmonary impairment (OR = 1.55 [95% CI: 1.02-2.35]), and immunosuppression (OR = 3.83 [95% CI: 1.35-10.86]). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that most patients in our sample had a positive oxygenation response after the first prone positioning session. However, the mortality rate was high, probably due to the health status and the number of comorbidities of the patients, as well as the severity of their disease. Our results also suggest that SAPS III and the initial PaO2/FIO2 predict the oxygenation response; in addition, age, time to first prone positioning, number of sessions, pulmonary impairment, and immunosuppression can predict mortality.

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