RESUMO
Capsaicin (CAP) is the main compound responsible for the spicy flavor of Capsicum plants. However, its application can be inhibited due to its pungency and toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the cytotoxic effect of CAP and its analogs N-benzylbutanamide (AN1), N-(3-methoxybenzyl) butanamide (AN2), N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl) butanamide (AN3), N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl) hexanamide (AN4) and N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl) tetradecanamide (AN5) on the hepatoma cells of Rattus norvegicus using the MTT test. The results showed cytotoxicity of CAP at concentrations of 100, 150, 175, and 200 µM (24 hours), AN1 at 150 and 175 µM (48 hours), AN2 at 50 µM (24 hours) and 10, 25, 50, and 75 µM (48 hours), AN4 at 175 µM (24 hours), and AN5 at 50 µM (48 hours). Removing the hydroxyl radical from the vanillyl group of capsaicin, together with reducing the acyl chain to 3 carbons, which is the case of AN2, resulted in the best biological activity. Increasing the carbon chain in the acyl group of the capsaicin molecule, which is the case of AN5, also showed evident cytotoxic effects. The present study proves that the chemical modifications of capsaicin changed its biological activity.
Assuntos
Capsaicina , Capsicum , Animais , Ratos , Capsaicina/farmacologia , Capsaicina/química , PlantasRESUMO
Capsaicin (CAP) is the main compound responsible for the spicy flavor of Capsicum plants. However, its application can be inhibited due to its pungency and toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the cytotoxic effect of CAP and its analogs N-benzylbutanamide (AN1), N-(3-methoxybenzyl) butanamide (AN2), N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl) butanamide (AN3), N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl) hexanamide (AN4) and N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl) tetradecanamide (AN5) on the hepatoma cells of Rattus norvegicus using the MTT test. The results showed cytotoxicity of CAP at concentrations of 100, 150, 175, and 200 µM (24 hours), AN1 at 150 and 175 µM (48 hours), AN2 at 50 µM (24 hours) and 10, 25, 50, and 75 µM (48 hours), AN4 at 175 µM (24 hours), and AN5 at 50 µM (48 hours). Removing the hydroxyl radical from the vanillyl group of capsaicin, together with reducing the acyl chain to 3 carbons, which is the case of AN2, resulted in the best biological activity. Increasing the carbon chain in the acyl group of the capsaicin molecule, which is the case of AN5, also showed evident cytotoxic effects. The present study proves that the chemical modifications of capsaicin changed its biological activity.
A capsaicina (CAP) é o principal composto responsável pelo sabor picante das plantas de Capsicum. No entanto sua aplicação pode ser inibida devido à sua pungência e toxicidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e comparar o efeito citotóxico do CAP e seus análogos N-benzilbutanamida (AN1), N-(3-metoxibenzil)butanamida (AN2), N -(4-hidroxi-3-metoxibenzil)butanamida (AN3), N-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxibenzil) hexanamida (AN4) e N-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxibenzil) tetradecanamida (AN5) em células do hepatoma de Rattus norvegicus pelo teste do MTT. Os resultados mostraram citotoxicidade da CAP em concentrações de 100, 150, 175 e 200 µM (24 horas), AN1 em 150 e 175 µM (48 horas), AN2 em 50 µM (24 horas) e 10, 25, 50 e 75 µM (48 horas), AN4 em 175 µM (24 horas) e AN5 em 50 µM (48 horas). A remoção do radical hidroxila do grupo vanilil da capsaicina, juntamente com a redução da cadeia acila para 3 carbonos, caso do AN2, foi o que resultou na melhor atividade biológica. O aumento da cadeia carbônica no grupo acil da molécula de capsaicina, caso da AN5, também demonstrou efeitos citotóxicos evidentes. O presente estudo comprova que as modificações químicas da capsaicina alteraram sua atividade biológica.
Assuntos
Técnicas In Vitro , Capsicum , Capsaicina/toxicidade , CitotoxinasRESUMO
A refined genetic map of the spinocerebellar ataxia 2 locus was constructed through linkage and haplotype analysis of 11 large pedigrees from the Holguín SCA2 family collective. Three-point analysis makes a localization of the SCA2 mutation in the 6-cM interval D12S84-D12S79 likely. This is consistent with haplotype results indicating a crossover event between two branches of the SCA2 family Rs and placing the mutation on the telomeric side of D12S84. The microsatellite D12S105 within this interval shows a peak two-point lod score of Z = 16.14 at theta = 0.00 recombination and complete linkage disequilibrium among affected individuals. These data together with the observation of a common disease haplotype among all family ancestors support the notion of an SCA2 founder effect in Holguín province.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 12 , Genes , Degenerações Espinocerebelares/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idade de Início , Idoso , Criança , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Troca Genética , Cuba/epidemiologia , DNA Satélite/genética , Feminino , Efeito Fundador , Haplótipos/genética , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Escore Lod , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linhagem , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Degenerações Espinocerebelares/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) and Holguin ataxia (SCA2) are autosomal dominant multisystem degenerations with spinocerebellar involvement that are predominant among people of Portuguese-Azorean and of Cuban descent, respectively. Their clinical distinction may at times be difficult to make in individual patients, due to significant phenotypic overlapping (similar overall age-of-onset and duration of cerebellar ataxia, eye movement, and, often, other common problems. The recent mapping of SCA2 to chromosome 12q provided another candidate region for linkage studies of MJD. Original data on 10 families with Holguin ataxia show that the locus for phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) on chromosome 12q is linked to SCA2 at 4 cM and is thus far its closest marker. The exclusion of linkage 15 cM on each side of PAH in 16 families with MJD shows that these two forms of dominant ataxia are genetically distinct and at different chromosomal locations (nonallelic).