RESUMO

Concerns have been raised regarding co-selection for antibiotic resistance among bacteria exposed to antibiotics used as growth promoters for some livestock and poultry species. Tetracycline had been commonly used for this purpose worldwide, and its residue has been associated with selection of resistant bacteria in aquatic biofilms. This study aimed to determine the resistance profile, the existence of some beta-lactamases genes and the capacity to form biofilm of bacteria isolated from water samples previously exposed to tetracycline (20 mg/L). Thirty-seven tetracycline-resistant bacterial strains were identified as Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Providencia alcalifaciens, and Enterococcus faecium. The highest percentage of resistance was for ampicillin (75.75%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (66.66%) in the Gram-negative bacteria and an E. faecium strain showed high resistance to vancomycin (minimum inhibitory concentration 250 µg/mL). Among the strains analyzed, 81.09% had multidrug resistance and eight Gram-negatives carried the blaOXA-48 gene. All strains were able to form biofilm and 43.23% were strong biofilm formers. This study suggests that resistant bacteria can be selected under selection pressure of tetracycline, and that these bacteria could contribute to the maintenance and spread of antimicrobial resistance in this environment.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Endophytic bacteria show important abilities in promoting plant growth and suppressing phytopathogens, being largely explored in agriculture as biofertilizers or biocontrol agents. Bacteria from canola roots were isolated and screened for different plant growth promotion (PGP) traits and biocontrol of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Thirty isolates belonging to Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Lysinibacillus, and Microbacterium genera were obtained. Several isolates produced auxin, siderophores, hydrolytic enzymes, fixed nitrogen and solubilized phosphate. Five isolates presented antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum by the dual culture assay and four of them also inhibited fungal growth by volatile organic compounds production. All antagonistic isolates belonged to the Bacillus genus, and had their genomes sequenced for the search of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) related to antimicrobial metabolites. These isolates were identified as Bacillus safensis (3), Bacillus pumilus (1), and Bacillus megaterium (1), using the genomic metrics ANI and dDDH. Most strains showed several common BGCs, including bacteriocin, polyketide synthase (PKS), and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), related to pumilacidin, bacillibactin, bacilysin, and other antimicrobial compounds. Pumilacidin-related mass peaks were detected in acid precipitation extracts through MALDI-TOF analysis. The genomic features demonstrated the potential of these isolates in the suppression of plant pathogens; however, some aspects of plant-bacterial interactions remain to be elucidated.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess breastfeeding self-efficacy and to verify exclusive breastfeeding maintenance in the first months after childbirth. Method: a prospective cohort study with 115 puerperal women attended at a public hospital in Parobé, Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected from August to December 2018 using a characterization questionnaire and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Exclusive breastfeeding maintenance was verified through telephone contact at 30 and 60 days postpartum. Descriptive and proportional analysis was performed. Results: most obtained scores compatible with high self-efficacy (91.3%). The protective factors for exclusive breastfeeding were being 27 years old or less, not having difficulties in breastfeeding in the first 24 hours, and being primigravida. There was no significant relationship between the score and exclusive breastfeeding permanence, although 27% had abandoned it in the 1st month, and 19% in the 2nd month. Conclusions: high scores show that women felt safe and capable of successfully breastfeeding. There is a need for improvement in health care in order to effectively encourage and support in order to obtain better rates of exclusive breastfeeding.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la autoeficacia en la lactancia materna y verificar el mantenimiento de la lactancia materna exclusiva en los primeros meses posparto. Método: estudio de cohorte prospectivo con 115 madres atendidas en un hospital público de Parobé, Rio Grande do Sul. Los datos fueron recolectados de agosto a diciembre de 2018, utilizando un cuestionario de caracterización y la Escala de Autoeficacia de Lactancia Materna. El mantenimiento de la lactancia materna exclusiva se verificó mediante contacto telefónico a los 30 y 60 días posparto. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y proporcional. Resultados: la mayoría obtuvo puntuaciones compatibles con alta autoeficacia (91,3%). Los factores protectores para la lactancia materna exclusiva fueron 27 años o menos; no tener dificultades para amamantar en las primeras 24 horas; y ser primigrávida. No hubo relación significativa del puntaje con la permanencia de lactancia materna exclusiva, aunque 27% había abandonado en el primer mes y 19% en el segundo mes. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de puntuaciones altas muestra que las mujeres se sentían seguras y capaces de amamantar con éxito. Es necesario mejorar la atención de la salud con el fin de fomentar y apoyar eficazmente a fin de obtener mejores tasas de lactancia materna exclusiva.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a autoeficácia na amamentação e verificar a manutenção do Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo nos primeiros meses pós-parto. Método: estudo de coorte prospectivo com 115 puérperas atendidas em um hospital público de Parobé, Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados, de agosto a dezembro de 2018, a partir da aplicação de questionário de caracterização e da Escala de Autoeficácia na Amamentação. A manutenção do Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo foi verificada por meio de contato telefônico aos 30 e 60 dias pós-parto. Realizou-se a análise descritiva e de proporções. Resultados: a maioria obteve escores compatíveis com alta autoeficácia (91,3%). Os fatores de proteção ao Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo foram idade menor ou igual a 27 anos; não apresentar dificuldades em amamentar nas primeiras 24 horas; e ser primigesta. Não houve relação significativa de escore com a permanência do Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo, apesar de 27% terem abandonado no 1º mês e 19% no 2º mês. Conclusões: a prevalência de altos escores evidencia que as mulheres se sentiam seguras e capazes de desempenhar, com sucesso, a amamentação. Verifica-se a necessidade de melhoria na assistência à saúde de modo a incentivar e apoiar efetivamente visando obter melhores taxas de Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The concentration of bromine and iodine was determined in shrimp and its parts (tissue and shells), and changes in the analyte concentration were evaluated after the cooking procedure. Bromine and iodine concentrations were determined by a method recently developed by our research group based on microwave-induced combustion for sample preparation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for analyte determination. The accuracy was evaluated using a reference material (NIST 8414) that was digested using the proposed method. No statistical difference was observed between certified and determined values (Student's t test, 95% confidence level). Suitable limits of detection (Br, 0.02 µg g(-1) and I, 0.01 µg g(-1)) were obtained for both analytes. Higher concentrations of both analytes were observed in shrimp shells in comparison to shrimp tissue for raw and cooked samples. Moreover, losses of Br and I (between 24 and 43%) were observed after cooking.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A method for determination of propranolol hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparation using near infrared spectrometry with fiber optic probe (FTNIR/PROBE) and combined with chemometric methods was developed. Calibration models were developed using two variable selection models: interval partial least squares (iPLS) and synergy interval partial least squares (siPLS). The treatments based on the mean centered data and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) were selected for models construction. A root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 8.2 mg g(-1) was achieved using siPLS (s2i20PLS) algorithm with spectra divided into 20 intervals and combination of 2 intervals (8501 to 8801 and 5201 to 5501 cm(-1)). Results obtained by the proposed method were compared with those using the pharmacopoeia reference method and significant difference was not observed. Therefore, proposed method allowed a fast, precise, and accurate determination of propranolol hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations. Furthermore, it is possible to carry out on-line analysis of this active principle in pharmaceutical formulations with use of fiber optic probe.

RESUMO

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a composição mineral de diferentes tipos de cascas de ovo, bem como a segurança microbiológica de amostras submetidas a diferentes métodos de higienização. Para a obtenção do pó de casca de ovo, as cascas foram lavadas, higienizadas, secas em estufa e trituradas em moinho. Cascas de ovo de granja (criação confinada), de coloração branca e vermelha, e cascas de ovo coloniais (caipira), provenientes da região central do Rio Grande do Sul, foram comparadas quanto a sua composição mineral. O Ca, mineral predominante na casca de ovo, se manteve em concentrações semelhantes nas diferentes amostras (cerca de 365mg g-1). As cascas de ovo de granja apresentaram maior concentração de Mg e menor concentração de Sr que as cascas de ovo coloniais. Não foram encontradas quantidades significativas de Fe, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Al, Cd e Pb nas amostras analisadas. Adicionalmente, tanto amostras higienizadas com imersão em hipoclorito e posterior fervura em água, quanto amostras nas quais a imersão em hipoclorito foi suprimida, não apresentaram contaminação por coliformes, estafilococos ou salmonela. Os resultados indicam que a casca de ovo pode ser utilizada na nutrição humana, já que é rica em Ca, não apresenta contaminação por metais tóxicos e, se processada de forma adequada, apresenta boa qualidade higiênico-sanitária.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the mineral composition of different kinds of eggshell, as well as the microbiological safety of samples submitted to different sanitization procedures. To obtain the eggshell powder, the shells were washed, sanitized, oven dried and grinded in a mill. White- and brown-colored eggshells from confined laying hens and eggshells from free-ranged laying hens from the central region of Rio Grande do Sul were compared for their mineral composition. Ca, the predominant mineral in eggshells, remained at similar concentrations in the different samples (approximately 365mg g-1). Eggshells from confined laying hens had higher Mg concentration and lower Sr concentration than the shells from free-ranged laying hens. No significant amounts of Fe, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Al, Cd or Pb were found in the samples. Additionally, both samples that were sanitized by immersion in hypochlorite and subsequently boiled in water as well as samples in which hypochlorite immersion was suppressed did not show coliform, staphylococcus or salmonella contamination. The results indicate that eggshell can be used in human nutrition since it is rich Ca source, shows no contamination by toxic metals and has good sanitary quality when properly processed.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a composição mineral de diferentes tipos de cascas de ovo, bem como a segurança microbiológica de amostras submetidas a diferentes métodos de higienização. Para a obtenção do pó de casca de ovo, as cascas foram lavadas, higienizadas, secas em estufa e trituradas em moinho. Cascas de ovo de granja (criação confinada), de coloração branca e vermelha, e cascas de ovo coloniais (caipira), provenientes da região central do Rio Grande do Sul, foram comparadas quanto a sua composição mineral. O Ca, mineral predominante na casca de ovo, se manteve em concentrações semelhantes nas diferentes amostras (cerca de 365mg g-1). As cascas de ovo de granja apresentaram maior concentração de Mg e menor concentração de Sr que as cascas de ovo coloniais. Não foram encontradas quantidades significativas de Fe, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Al, Cd e Pb nas amostras analisadas. Adicionalmente, tanto amostras higienizadas com imersão em hipoclorito e posterior fervura em água, quanto amostras nas quais a imersão em hipoclorito foi suprimida, não apresentaram contaminação por coliformes, estafilococos ou salmonela. Os resultados indicam que a casca de ovo pode ser utilizada na nutrição humana, já que é rica em Ca, não apresenta contaminação por metais tóxicos e, se processada de forma adequada, apresenta boa qualidade higiênico-sanitária.

This study aimed to evaluate the mineral composition of different kinds of eggshell, as well as the microbiological safety of samples submitted to different sanitization procedures. To obtain the eggshell powder, the shells were washed, sanitized, oven dried and grinded in a mill. White- and brown-colored eggshells from confined laying hens and eggshells from free-ranged laying hens from the central region of Rio Grande do Sul were compared for their mineral composition. Ca, the predominant mineral in eggshells, remained at similar concentrations in the different samples (approximately 365mg g-1). Eggshells from confined laying hens had higher Mg concentration and lower Sr concentration than the shells from free-ranged laying hens. No significant amounts of Fe, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Al, Cd or Pb were found in the samples. Additionally, both samples that were sanitized by immersion in hypochlorite and subsequently boiled in water as well as samples in which hypochlorite immersion was suppressed did not show coliform, staphylococcus or salmonella contamination. The results indicate that eggshell can be used in human nutrition since it is rich Ca source, shows no contamination by toxic metals and has good sanitary quality when properly processed.

RESUMO

In this work a method for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) digestion using the single reaction chamber (SRC-UltraWave™) system was proposed following the new recommendations of United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Levodope (LEVO), primaquine diphosphate (PRIM), propranolol hydrochloride (PROP) and sulfamethoxazole (SULF) were used to evaluate the digestion efficiency of the proposed method. A comparison of digestion efficiency was performed by measuring the carbon content and residual acidity in digests obtained using SRC and in digests obtained using conventional microwave-assisted digestion system (Multiwave(TM)). Three digestion solutions (concentrated HNO3, aqua regia or inverse aqua regia) were evaluated for digestion of APIs. The determination of Cd, Ir, Mn, Mo, Ni, Os, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in standard mode. Dynamic reaction cell (DRC) mode was used for the determination of (51)V, (52)Cr, (53)Cr, (63)Cu and (65)Cu in order to solve polyatomic ion interferences. Arsenic and Hg were determined using chemical vapor generation coupled to ICP-MS (FI-CVG-ICP-MS). Masses of 500mg of APIs were efficiently digested in a SRC-UltraWave™ system using only HNO3 and allowing a carbon content lower than 250mg L(-1) in final digests. Inverse aqua regia was suitable for digestion of sample masses up to 250mg allowing the determination of Ir, Pd, Pt, Rh and Ru. By using HNO3 or inverse aqua regia, suitable recoveries were obtained (between 91 and 109%) for all analytes (exception for Os). Limits of quantification were in agreement with USP requirements and they ranged from 0.001 to 0.015µg g(-1) for all elemental impurities (exception for Os). The proposed method was suitable for elemental impurities determination in APIs and it can be used in routine analysis for quality control in pharmaceutical industries.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background. This study investigates the effects of Brazil nut ingestion on serum lipid profile in healthy volunteers. Methods. Ten healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Each subject was tested 4 times in a randomized crossover in relation to the ingestion of different serving sizes of the Brazil nut: 0, 5, 20, or 50 g. At each treatment point, peripheral blood was drawn before and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 24, and 48 hours and 5 and 30 days. Blood samples were tested for total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c and LDL-c, resp.), triglycerides, selenium, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, albumin, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, gamma GT, urea, creatinine, and C-reactive protein. Results. A significant increase of the plasma selenium levels was observed at 6 hours within the groups receiving the nuts. Serum LDL-c was significantly lower, whereas HDL-c was significantly higher 9 hours after the ingestion of 20 or 50 g of nuts. The biochemical parameters of liver and kidney function were not modified by ingestion of nuts. Conclusions. This study shows that the ingestion of a single serving of Brazil nut can acutely improve the serum lipid profile of healthy volunteers.

RESUMO

A Síndrome de Turner (ST) é uma doença genéticacaracterizada pela monossomia completa ou parcial docromossomo X e possui uma grande variabilidade fenotípica,podendo se manifestar na forma clássica oucom poucos sinais dismórficos que possam chamaratenção ao diagnóstico. Mulheres com Síndrome deTurner têm um risco cardiovascular duas vezes maiorque a população geral e apresentam maior prevalênciade hipertensão arterial sistêmica, dislipidemia, aumentoda resistência insulínica e deficiência estrogênica,além de doenças cardíacas congênitas, principalmenteacometendo grandes vasos, podendo estar presenteem até 50% das mulheres com ST. Devido a essas complicaçõescardiovasculares, o reconhecimento de possíveismanifestações cardíacas agudas em pacientescom anomalias genéticas torna-se imprescindível parao sucesso terapêutico. O objetivo do presente artigo édescrever um caso de infarto agudo do miocárdio emuma paciente jovem com Síndrome de Turner.

Turner?s syndrome is a genetic disease related eitherto a homogeneous complete or a partial XO monosomyand has a fenotipic variability, presenting suchin a classic syndrome or with few dysmorfic signs thatcan draw attention to diagnosis. Womem with Turner?ssyndrome have a cardiovascular risk twice higher thangeneral population and presents more prevalence inhypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistence and estrogendeficiency, besides cardiac congenital cardiacdiseases, mainly affecting big vassels, in approximately50% of these patients. Due to these cardiovascularcomplications, recognition of possible acute cardiacmanifestations in patients with genetic abnormalities isnecessary to therapeutic success. The goal of this articleis to present a case report of a young woman with AMIand Turner syndrome.