RESUMO

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of odontoplasty on apparent digestibility of diet for horses, consumption time, and particle size of feces. Nine horses were used, aged 14.5±3.3 years and weightng 531±38.7kg. The diet consisted of 1.5% of live weight (LW) in Tifton 85 hay and 0.75% of LW in concentrate for both assays. The experiment consisted of two tests of apparent digestibility using the method of total collection, before and after the odontoplasty, where the consumption time of hay and concentrate was also evaluated and the particle size of the feces was analyzed. An effect (P<0.05) of odontoplasty on the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was observed. Effect of the consumption time for the concentrate (P<0.05) was observed, but not for the forage (P<0.05). There was more retention (P<0.05) of the fecal particles in the sieves of bigger granulometry. The odontoplasty increases the digestibility of dietary nutrients and feces particle size, without changing feces quality. Animals after the procedure have shorter concentrate consumption time.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da odontoplastia sobre a digestibilidade aparente de dieta para equinos, o tempo de consumo e o tamanho de partícula das fezes. Foram utilizados nove equinos, com idade de 14,5±3,3 anos e peso de 531±38,7kg. A dieta consistiu do oferecimento de 1,5% do peso vivo (PV) em feno de Tifton 85 e 0,75% do PV em concentrado para ambos os ensaios. O experimento compôs-se de dois ensaios de digestibilidade aparente pelo método de coleta total, antes e após a odontoplastia, em que também foi avaliado o tempo de consumo do feno e do concentrado e analisado o tamanho de partícula das fezes. Foi observado efeito (P<0,05) da odontoplastia sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido. Verificou-se efeito do tempo de consumo para o concentrado (P<0,05), porém não se observou para o volumoso (P<0,05). Houve maior retenção (P<0,05) das partículas das fezes nas peneiras de maior granulometria. A odontoplastia aumenta a digestibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta e o tamanho de partículas nas fezes, sem alterar a qualidade destas. Animais após o procedimento apresentam menor tempo de consumo de concentrado.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of odontoplasty on apparent digestibility of diet for horses, consumption time, and particle size of feces. Nine horses were used, aged 14.5±3.3 years and weightng 531±38.7kg. The diet consisted of 1.5% of live weight (LW) in Tifton 85 hay and 0.75% of LW in concentrate for both assays. The experiment consisted of two tests of apparent digestibility using the method of total collection, before and after the odontoplasty, where the consumption time of hay and concentrate was also evaluated and the particle size of the feces was analyzed. An effect (P<0.05) of odontoplasty on the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was observed. Effect of the consumption time for the concentrate (P<0.05) was observed, but not for the forage (P<0.05). There was more retention (P<0.05) of the fecal particles in the sieves of bigger granulometry. The odontoplasty increases the digestibility of dietary nutrients and feces particle size, without changing feces quality. Animals after the procedure have shorter concentrate consumption time.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da odontoplastia sobre a digestibilidade aparente de dieta para equinos, o tempo de consumo e o tamanho de partícula das fezes. Foram utilizados nove equinos, com idade de 14,5±3,3 anos e peso de 531±38,7kg. A dieta consistiu do oferecimento de 1,5% do peso vivo (PV) em feno de Tifton 85 e 0,75% do PV em concentrado para ambos os ensaios. O experimento compôs-se de dois ensaios de digestibilidade aparente pelo método de coleta total, antes e após a odontoplastia, em que também foi avaliado o tempo de consumo do feno e do concentrado e analisado o tamanho de partícula das fezes. Foi observado efeito (P<0,05) da odontoplastia sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido. Verificou-se efeito do tempo de consumo para o concentrado (P<0,05), porém não se observou para o volumoso (P<0,05). Houve maior retenção (P<0,05) das partículas das fezes nas peneiras de maior granulometria. A odontoplastia aumenta a digestibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta e o tamanho de partículas nas fezes, sem alterar a qualidade destas. Animais após o procedimento apresentam menor tempo de consumo de concentrado.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivou-se comparar equações matemáticas descritas na literatura, identificar a que melhor descreve a produção de leite e estimar alguns componentes da curva de lactação de vacas de alta variabilidade genética, resultante de cruzamento taurino (Bos taurus) x zebuíno (Bos indicus), em sistema de produção semi-extensivo em Sergipe. Foram utilizados 1496 registros de produção de leite. Os controles leiteiros foram realizados em intervalos de 30 dias no período de 2011 a 2012. O ajuste foi feito para a curva média, fazendo-se o uso de quatro modelos matemáticos: modelo de Nelder, 1966 (ND), Wood, 1967 (WD), Bianchini Sobrinho, 1984 (BS) e Wilmink, 1987 (WK). Os critérios utilizados para verificar a qualidade do ajuste para cada função foram: coeficiente de determinação ajustado (Ra2), gráfico de distribuição dos resíduos e porcentagem de desvios entre a produção observada e as estimadas. Os valores médios de Ra2 foram maiores que 0,80 para os modelos empregados, exceto para o modelo WK. Todas as curvas apresentaram padrões típicos. As funções WD e WK subestimaram a produção de leite acumulada aos 305 dias e apresentaram maiores desvios em relação à produção observada. As demais funções apresentaram comportamento semelhante no gráfico de distribuição dos resíduos, no entanto, função polinomial inversa (ND) proporcionou melhor estimativa das variáveis que compõem a curva de lactação de vacas provenientes de cruzamentos de Bos taurus x Bos indicus...

The objective of this study was to compare mathematical equations described in the literature, to identify the equation that best describes milk yield, and to estimate some components of the lactation curve of cows of high genetic variability resulting from the crossing of taurine (Bos taurus) and Zebu animals (Bos indicus), raised in a semi-intensive production system in Sergipe. A total of 1,496 milk yield records were used. Test-day milk yields were obtained at intervals of 30 days from 2011 to 2012. The following four mathematical models were applied to fit the average curve: model of Nelder, 1966 (ND), Wood, 1967 (WD), Bianchini Sobrinho, 1984 (BS) and Wilmink, 1987 (WK). The criteria used to verify the goodness-of-fit of each function were the adjusted coefficient of determination (Ra2), residual plot, and percentage of deviation between observed and expected production. The mean Ra2 values were higher than 0.80 for the models used, except for the WK model. All curves exhibited typical patterns. The WD and WK functions underestimated 305-day cumulative milk yield and presented greater deviations from the observed production. The remaining functions exhibited a similar trend in the residual plot. However, the inverse polynomial function (ND) provided better estimates of the variables that comprise the lactation curve of cows resulting from crossings of Bos taurus x Bos indicus animals...

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RESUMO

Objetivou-se comparar as funções matemáticas de Brody (BD), Von Bertalanffy (VB), Logístico (LG) e Gompertz (GP), identificar a que melhor descreve o crescimento, estimar componentes da curva (peso assintótico: a; índice de maturidade: k) e caracterizar o formato (ponto de inflexão: PI; taxa de crescimento instantâneo: TCI) da curva média de crescimento de fêmeas mestiças (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) em sistema de produção semi-extensivo. Foram utilizados 537 registros de pesagens realizadas em intervalos de 30 dias durante o período de 2010 a 2012, pertencentes a três propriedades. Os valores de a e k foram, respectivamente, 1.982 kg e 0,000286 kg/dia para BD; 550,50 kg e 0,00232 kg/dia para VB; 405,20 kg e 0,006374 kg/dia para LG e 479,70 kg e 0,00353 kg/dia para GP. Baseado nos critérios estatísticos observou-se que os modelos VB, BD e LG apresentaram os maiores (>0,74) coeficientes de determinação ajustados (Ra²), e menor valor do resíduo foi encontrado no modelo GP (4.918,38), indicando que todos os modelos se adequaram estatisticamente aos dados observados. Para os critérios de interpretação biológica, os modelos VB (8,48 meses) e LG (9,4 meses) apresentaram PI mais próximos do observado, o modelo VB (12,04-0,535 kg/mês) foi o único capaz de descrever a TCI, e os demais modelos subestimaram o incremento de peso corporal. O modelo de VB apresentou o melhor ajuste aos dados de crescimento de fêmeas mestiças com alta variabilidade genética em sistema semi-extensivo...

The objectives of this study were to compare different mathematical functions [Brody (BD), Von Bertalanffy (VB), logistic (LG) and Gompertz (GP)], to identify the model that best describes growth, to estimate curve components (asymptotic weight: a; maturation rate: k), and to characterize the shape (point of inflection: PI; instantaneous growth rate: IGR) of the average growth curve of crossbred cows (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) raised in a semi-extensive production system. This study used 537 weight records from three farms obtained at intervals of 30 days over the period from 2010 to 2012. The values of a and k were, respectively, 1,982 kg and 0.000286 kg/day for BD; 550.50 kg and 0.00232 kg/day for VB; 405.20 kg and 0.006374 kg/day for LG, and 479.70 kg and 0.00353 kg/day for GP. According to the statistical criteria, models VB, BD and LG exhibited the highest (>0.74) adjusted coefficient of determination (Ra²), while the lowest residual value was observed for GP (4,918.38), indicating that all models accurately fit the data observed. Regarding the criteria of biological interpretation, models VB (8.48 months) and LG (9.4 months) provided a PI close to the observed, VB (12.04-0.535 kg/month) was the only model able to describe IGR, and the remaining models underestimated the increase in body weight. Model VB provided the best fit to the growth data of crossbred cows with high genetic variability raised in a semi-extensive system...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivou-se comparar equações matemáticas descritas na literatura, identificar a que melhor descreve a produção de leite e estimar alguns componentes da curva de lactação de vacas de alta variabilidade genética, resultante de cruzamento taurino (Bos taurus) x zebuíno (Bos indicus), em sistema de produção semi-extensivo em Sergipe. Foram utilizados 1496 registros de produção de leite. Os controles leiteiros foram realizados em intervalos de 30 dias no período de 2011 a 2012. O ajuste foi feito para a curva média, fazendo-se o uso de quatro modelos matemáticos: modelo de Nelder, 1966 (ND), Wood, 1967 (WD), Bianchini Sobrinho, 1984 (BS) e Wilmink, 1987 (WK). Os critérios utilizados para verificar a qualidade do ajuste para cada função foram: coeficiente de determinação ajustado (Ra2), gráfico de distribuição dos resíduos e porcentagem de desvios entre a produção observada e as estimadas. Os valores médios de Ra2 foram maiores que 0,80 para os modelos empregados, exceto para o modelo WK. Todas as curvas apresentaram padrões típicos. As funções WD e WK subestimaram a produção de leite acumulada aos 305 dias e apresentaram maiores desvios em relação à produção observada. As demais funções apresentaram comportamento semelhante no gráfico de distribuição dos resíduos, no entanto, função polinomial inversa (ND) proporcionou melhor estimativa das variáveis que compõem a curva de lactação de vacas provenientes de cruzamentos de Bos taurus x Bos indicus...(AU)

The objective of this study was to compare mathematical equations described in the literature, to identify the equation that best describes milk yield, and to estimate some components of the lactation curve of cows of high genetic variability resulting from the crossing of taurine (Bos taurus) and Zebu animals (Bos indicus), raised in a semi-intensive production system in Sergipe. A total of 1,496 milk yield records were used. Test-day milk yields were obtained at intervals of 30 days from 2011 to 2012. The following four mathematical models were applied to fit the average curve: model of Nelder, 1966 (ND), Wood, 1967 (WD), Bianchini Sobrinho, 1984 (BS) and Wilmink, 1987 (WK). The criteria used to verify the goodness-of-fit of each function were the adjusted coefficient of determination (Ra2), residual plot, and percentage of deviation between observed and expected production. The mean Ra2 values were higher than 0.80 for the models used, except for the WK model. All curves exhibited typical patterns. The WD and WK functions underestimated 305-day cumulative milk yield and presented greater deviations from the observed production. The remaining functions exhibited a similar trend in the residual plot. However, the inverse polynomial function (ND) provided better estimates of the variables that comprise the lactation curve of cows resulting from crossings of Bos taurus x Bos indicus animals...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivou-se comparar as funções matemáticas de Brody (BD), Von Bertalanffy (VB), Logístico (LG) e Gompertz (GP), identificar a que melhor descreve o crescimento, estimar componentes da curva (peso assintótico: a; índice de maturidade: k) e caracterizar o formato (ponto de inflexão: PI; taxa de crescimento instantâneo: TCI) da curva média de crescimento de fêmeas mestiças (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) em sistema de produção semi-extensivo. Foram utilizados 537 registros de pesagens realizadas em intervalos de 30 dias durante o período de 2010 a 2012, pertencentes a três propriedades. Os valores de a e k foram, respectivamente, 1.982 kg e 0,000286 kg/dia para BD; 550,50 kg e 0,00232 kg/dia para VB; 405,20 kg e 0,006374 kg/dia para LG e 479,70 kg e 0,00353 kg/dia para GP. Baseado nos critérios estatísticos observou-se que os modelos VB, BD e LG apresentaram os maiores (>0,74) coeficientes de determinação ajustados (Ra²), e menor valor do resíduo foi encontrado no modelo GP (4.918,38), indicando que todos os modelos se adequaram estatisticamente aos dados observados. Para os critérios de interpretação biológica, os modelos VB (8,48 meses) e LG (9,4 meses) apresentaram PI mais próximos do observado, o modelo VB (12,04-0,535 kg/mês) foi o único capaz de descrever a TCI, e os demais modelos subestimaram o incremento de peso corporal. O modelo de VB apresentou o melhor ajuste aos dados de crescimento de fêmeas mestiças com alta variabilidade genética em sistema semi-extensivo...(AU)

The objectives of this study were to compare different mathematical functions [Brody (BD), Von Bertalanffy (VB), logistic (LG) and Gompertz (GP)], to identify the model that best describes growth, to estimate curve components (asymptotic weight: a; maturation rate: k), and to characterize the shape (point of inflection: PI; instantaneous growth rate: IGR) of the average growth curve of crossbred cows (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) raised in a semi-extensive production system. This study used 537 weight records from three farms obtained at intervals of 30 days over the period from 2010 to 2012. The values of a and k were, respectively, 1,982 kg and 0.000286 kg/day for BD; 550.50 kg and 0.00232 kg/day for VB; 405.20 kg and 0.006374 kg/day for LG, and 479.70 kg and 0.00353 kg/day for GP. According to the statistical criteria, models VB, BD and LG exhibited the highest (>0.74) adjusted coefficient of determination (Ra²), while the lowest residual value was observed for GP (4,918.38), indicating that all models accurately fit the data observed. Regarding the criteria of biological interpretation, models VB (8.48 months) and LG (9.4 months) provided a PI close to the observed, VB (12.04-0.535 kg/month) was the only model able to describe IGR, and the remaining models underestimated the increase in body weight. Model VB provided the best fit to the growth data of crossbred cows with high genetic variability raised in a semi-extensive system...(AU)

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RESUMO

For assessing the impact of chlorinated compounds, such as organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorotriazines (atrazine, simazine), and chlorinated phenylureas (diuron), on the Ponta Grossa lake South of Brazil, ten freshwater trahira fish (Hoplias malabaricus) were collected in October 2005. The contamination status was evaluated by the energy budget and various histopathological markers. The results showed detectable amounts of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the liver and muscle; the bioaccumulation was higher in the liver than in the muscle. The presence of some banned pesticides, such as hexachlorobenzene and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, in the liver suggests an acute exposure to these compounds. Some physiological disturbances and morphological damages found in the liver of H. malabaricus were associated with chlorinated-compound bioaccumulation. The most important alterations in the liver were lesions such as fibrosis, large necrosis area, leukocyte infiltration, and the absence of melanomacrophages (MM). Individuals containing higher concentrations of pesticides, such as aldrin, alachlor, and dichloroaniline (a metabolite of diuron), showed the nonoccurrence of MM in the liver. These data suggest an immunosuppression in the individuals from Ponta Grossa Lake after exposure to POPs. According to the present data, the POPs found in the studied site are bioavailable, induce severe damages in target organs such as the liver, and can disturb the immune system of the trahira. This is the first study of POPs in the Paraná state, and one among the few studies in the south of Brazil. The present data suggest and motivate further chemical and biomonitoring studies in freshwater ecosystems in the south of Brazil.

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RESUMO

In the present research, assays were improved for the determination of catecholamines in adrenal gland. High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was employed for quantitative analysis. The method involved direct injection of acid extract on to a serum albumin dimethylocadecyl-silane (HSA-C18) and the utilization of phosphate buffer (pH = 3.0): methanol (97:3 v/v), 0.025 g heptanosulfonic acid and 0.0025 g EDTA as mobile phase. The detection was obtained using an electrochemical detector L-ECD-6A-Shimadzu with a potential of the 85 mV. Identification was based on retention time. Quantification was performed by automatic peak-area determination. The detection limit is equal to 0.5 ng ml(-1). The HPLC method with electrochemical detection proposed here permits good separation of catecholamines in samples of adrenal gland from rats. The method has various advantages: fast, high precision and good selectivity and do not require sample treatment. The immobilization stress during 5 min did not provoke alteration in catecholamines contains in rat adrenal gland, due to the short time of the stress exposure. This study shows that the catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) adrenal increased significantly after the acute immobilization stress during 30 min as compared to control group. This increase probably is due to the emotional component of the immobilization stress. In conclusion, our studies suggest an effective participation of the adrenal glands to maintain the homeostasis of organism to the stressful conditions.

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RESUMO

Catecholamines act as neurotransmitters and hormones. Studies conducted to understand the synthesis and metabolism of these monoamines during stress have been the main concern of many authors. This work proposes to investigate the time course of changes in epinephrine and norepinephrine concentration in adrenal gland obtained from rats submitted to acute immobilization stress. The results of the present study indicate that acute immobilization stress during 5 and 15 min did not provoke changes in epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations in adrenal gland in relation to the control group. Such results are justified due to the short time of the stress, showing that the stress did not provoke physiological alteration. The epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations in adrenal gland increased significantly after the immobilization session in stressed groups during 30 and 50 min as compared to control group. This increase probably is due to the emotional component of the immobilization stress. In this way, we suggested that the immobilization stress provoke increase in the biosynthesis of catecholamines in the adrenal gland from rats. However, the results shows that a maximum increase is reached at 30 min of immobilization stress and then a decrement of catecholamines levels starts at 50 min of the experimental design. This decline in catecholamines level may be consequence of adaptation to stress situations, an increase of the activity of the uptake systems and/or metabolization of catecholamines. In conclusion, these results suggest an effective participation of the adrenal glands to maintain the homeostasis of organism to the stressful conditions.

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RESUMO

The introduction of computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging led to the knowledge that brain stem tumors are not a homogeneous group with regard to their clinical, pathological and biological features. The classical concept of an uniformly poor prognosis has been modified and some subtypes of tumors are amenable to surgical treatment and long-term survival. The authors report two cases of patients with tumors of the tectal region whose symptoms and CT features were consistent with late-onset aqueductal obstruction. In both cases definitive diagnosis was established by MRI and symptoms resolved after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt implantation. The clinic and pathological features and therapeutical alternatives as well, are discussed.

Assuntos