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This work aims to study an alternative technique of cecectomy in roosters using inhalation anesthesia for subsequent use in digestibility experiments. A total of 30 adult chickens of Leghorn breed were used with an average age of 27 wk. The birds were preoxygenated, and the anesthetic induction was performed using isoflurane diluted in oxygen. After proper muscle relaxation, endotracheal intubation was performed using a Murphy catheter and kept in anesthesia under mechanical ventilation with a constant monitoring of electrocardiography variables, heart rate, oxyhemoglobin saturation, and body temperature during the surgical procedure. An incision of approximately 3 cm was made between keel and cloaca in order to expose and extirpate the cecum followed by a simple ligature. The opening of the peritoneal cavity was closed in 2 ways: Sultan suture technique was used for closing the abdominal wall and modified Cushing intradermic continuous points for closing the skin. The time for anesthesia induction and preoperational period noted to be 10 ± 2 min. Surgical procedures completed in 7 ± 1.5 min. No intraoperatively and postoperatively harm observed in animals. Water was immediately provided after the birds returned to cages and feed offered after 24 h of surgery. In remaining birds, no abnormalities were observed during and after the experimental period (3 mo). The present study describes a promising update on cecectomy technique regarding anesthesia induction and surgical procedures in roosters using potential drugs and safer surgical materials without any trans- and postoperative complications.

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The aim of the present study was to determine and compare ultrasonographic characteristics of accessory sex glands and spectral Doppler indices of the internal iliac arteries in peri- and post-pubertal rams raised in a subtropical climate. Forty-five Dorper rams were examined (24 rams aged 8-11 months and 21 rams aged 12-24 months). Digital images of all accessory sex glands were subjected to morphometric and echotextural analyses, the latter using commercially available image analytical software Image ProPlus®. Physical and morphological characteristics of semen and serum concentrations of testosterone were also determined. The dimensions of the prostate gland (12.9±1.2 compared with 14.2±2.7mm; mean±standard deviation) and bulbourethral glands (13.7±1.3 compared with 14.7±1.8mm) were greater (P=0.04) in sexually mature compared with peri-pubertal rams. Pixel intensity of vesicular (181.5±20.8 compared with 164.8±26.8, P=0.02) and bulbourethral gland parenchyma (166.9±16.9 compared with 141.8±29.1, P=0.001) was greater in peri-pubertal compared with sexually mature rams. Semen could be collected by ejaculation into the artificial vagina from 38% (8/21) of post-pubertal rams and 21% (5/24) of peri-pubertal animals (P=0.03). Semen volume was positively correlated with peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) in the internal iliac arteries (r=0.79, P=0.001 and r=0.67, P=0.01, respectively), while spermatic vigor and progressive motility were inversely related to circulating concentrations of testosterone (r=-0.69, P=0.009 and r=-0.61, P=0.03, respectively). In summary, the attainment of sexual maturity in the rams of the present study was associated with an enlargement of the prostate and bulbourethral glands, and with the shift in echotextural attributes of vesicular and bulbourethral glands. Circulating testosterone concentrations and Doppler blood flow indices of the ram's internal iliac arteries are significant predictors of sperm progressive motility, vigor and the amount of ejaculate.

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This study aimed to evaluate tissue damage of feline testicles sectioned in two different sizes (0.3 or 0.5 cm3 ) and submitted to different cryoprotectants (propanediol or glycerol). Testicles obtained from 12 domestic cats were sectioned in 0.3 and 0.5 cm3 sized pieces and immediately evaluated by TBARS and semi-quantitatively by histomorphology. The remaining fragments were placed in cryotubes with 1 ml Egg yolk Tris Equex STM extender containing 3% glycerol or 3% propanediol and cryopreserved by fast-freezing technique. Frozen-thawed fragments were also evaluated by TBARS and histomorphology. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Student-Newmann-Keuls post hoc test, with p < .05. Fresh and cryopreserved tissues generally exhibited a similar morphology concerning detachment of cells from the basement membrane and observation of nucleoli, with a great proportion scored as 0 (no alteration). When present, alterations were slight and the morphology was considered to be good (most classified in scores 1). Pyknosis was the main anomaly observed as score 2 in 54.6% and 58.4% of 0.3-cm3 fragments cryopreserved in propanediol and glycerol, respectively (16.7% scored 2 in fresh tissue). In TBARS evaluation, 0.5-cm3 fragments cryopreserved in glycerol produced less free radical compared to the 0.3 cm3 cryopreserved in glycerol or propanediol. Our results showed that glycerol was more efficient than propanediol to cryopreserve 0.5-cm3 fragments; this might be attributed to the fact that glycerol molecular weight is larger than propanediol and so its perfusion in the testicular tissue is slower.

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With the purpose of identifying factors involved in early stages of embryo development in the domestic cat, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) was used for the first time to describe the spatial localization of proteins in the oviducts of queens. Oviducts were obtained from two 2 and 4 years old cross-bred queens, divided into three segments, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and then stored at -80°C until use. Next, they were sectioned in a cryostat, fixed on ITO (indium tin oxide) conductive glass slides for MALDI-IMS and serial sections were collected on microscope slides for histology. As confirmed by histology, MALDI-IMS was able to show contrasting protein distributions in the oviductal infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus. Mass spectra were characterized by abundant ions of m/z 1,259, 4,939, 4,960 and 10,626, which have been tentatively attributed to keratin, thymosin ß10, thymosin ß4 and S100, respectively. Keratin and thymosins are involved in the biological response to tissue damage. S100 proteins are calcium-modulated proteins implicated in a variety of cellular activities, including cell differentiation and regulation of cell motility. These results suggest that protein composition differs between segments of the cat oviduct, which corresponds to morphological changes within these sections. Further functional studies could elucidate the effects of these proteins on feline reproductive physiology.

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The population control of dogs and cats is a public healthconcern. This report describes the activities of the AcademicExtension of the College of Agricultural and VeterinarySciences of UNESP in Jaboticabal/SP - Brazil aimed at surgicalsterilization of stray dogs and cats, with social actionsrelated to teaching and research. In 2007, the first yearof the project, 129 pets were sterilized, whereas in 2014,between January and October, 1538 animals were sterilized,which shows the increase in program acceptance by thelocal community. All the activities carried out contributedtowards the academic and professional training of studentsof the extension project, as well as residents participating inthe program. It can be concluded that the development ofsurgical sterilization programs of dogs and cats by educationalinstitutions, combining research, teaching, and extensionpractices, is a viable option for veterinary medicine teachingpractices.(AU)

O controle da população de cães e gatos é uma preocupaçãopara a saúde pública. Este relato descreve as atividades realizadasno Projeto de Extensão da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias eVeterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de MesquitaFilho" (UNESP) de Jaboticabal, localizada no Estado de São Paulo,Brasil, que visou à esterilização cirúrgica de cães e gatos, comações sociais aliadas ao ensino e pesquisa. Em 2007, ano de implantaçãodo projeto, foram esterilizados 129 animais; já no anode 2014, entre os meses de janeiro e outubro, foram esterilizados1.538 animais, o que demonstra a evolução e aceitação do programapela sociedade local. Toda a atividade realizada colaboroupara a formação acadêmica e profissional dos alunos do projetode extensão, bem como residentes participantes do programa.Pode-se concluir que o desenvolvimento de programas para aesterilização de cães e gatos, em conjunto com instituições educacionais,aliando pesquisa às práticas de ensino e extensão, é uma opção viável para as práticas de ensino em Medicina Veterinária.(AU)

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RESUMO

The population control of dogs and cats is a public healthconcern. This report describes the activities of the AcademicExtension of the College of Agricultural and VeterinarySciences of UNESP in Jaboticabal/SP - Brazil aimed at surgicalsterilization of stray dogs and cats, with social actionsrelated to teaching and research. In 2007, the first yearof the project, 129 pets were sterilized, whereas in 2014,between January and October, 1538 animals were sterilized,which shows the increase in program acceptance by thelocal community. All the activities carried out contributedtowards the academic and professional training of studentsof the extension project, as well as residents participating inthe program. It can be concluded that the development ofsurgical sterilization programs of dogs and cats by educationalinstitutions, combining research, teaching, and extensionpractices, is a viable option for veterinary medicine teachingpractices.

O controle da população de cães e gatos é uma preocupaçãopara a saúde pública. Este relato descreve as atividades realizadasno Projeto de Extensão da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias eVeterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de MesquitaFilho" (UNESP) de Jaboticabal, localizada no Estado de São Paulo,Brasil, que visou à esterilização cirúrgica de cães e gatos, comações sociais aliadas ao ensino e pesquisa. Em 2007, ano de implantaçãodo projeto, foram esterilizados 129 animais; já no anode 2014, entre os meses de janeiro e outubro, foram esterilizados1.538 animais, o que demonstra a evolução e aceitação do programapela sociedade local. Toda a atividade realizada colaboroupara a formação acadêmica e profissional dos alunos do projetode extensão, bem como residentes participantes do programa.Pode-se concluir que o desenvolvimento de programas para aesterilização de cães e gatos, em conjunto com instituições educacionais,aliando pesquisa às práticas de ensino e extensão, é uma opção viável para as práticas de ensino em Medicina Veterinária.

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As neoplasias mamárias representam pouco mais da metade dos tumores que acometem as cadelas comuma grande parcela de tumores malignos. Elas são menos comuns em gatas, no entanto comumente sãomalignas. O fator de crescimento endotelial (VEGF) é importantíssimo na formação das glândulas mamárias nodesencadeamento da angiogênese normal e induzida por tumores, influenciando o prognóstico dos pacientes comneoplasias mamárias. Portanto, a identificação por meio de marcadores específicos para o VEGF e seusreceptores pode servir como fonte de informações sobre a característica de agressividade das neoplasias demama, estabelecendo-se, assim, um prognóstico. Acrescenta-se, ainda, a possibilidade de emprego de drogasantiangiogênicas, que atuam inibindo a função do VEGF como forma de controle de progressão tumoral esurgimento ou evolução de metástases. Contudo, pesquisas na medicina veterinária ainda são escassas, embora oemprego dessas drogas com sucesso em humanos e em animais de laboratório encoraja a necessidade de maisestudos sobre o envolvimento do VEGF em tumores mamários de cadelas e gatas.

The mammary neoplasias represents more than half of the tumors that affect bitches, grand part beingmalignant tumors. They are less common in cats, although the majority is malignant tumors. The vascularendothelial growth factor (VEGF) is very important during the mammary gland development, normal and tumorinduced angiogenesis and influences the prognosis of patients with mammary neoplasias. Therefore, the assistedVEGF specific markers and for its receptors identification may be a useful source of information about themammary gland tumor aggressiveness and a helpful tool for a more precise prognosis. Additionally antiangiogenic drugs, acting as VEGF inhibitor, may be a control form of tumor progression, metastasis appearanceand evolution. Veterinary research in this field are scarce, although the success use of these drugs in human andlaboratory animals encourage the studies about VEGF involvement in dogs and cats mammary tumors.

Assuntos

RESUMO

As neoplasias mamárias representam pouco mais da metade dos tumores que acometem as cadelas comuma grande parcela de tumores malignos. Elas são menos comuns em gatas, no entanto comumente sãomalignas. O fator de crescimento endotelial (VEGF) é importantíssimo na formação das glândulas mamárias nodesencadeamento da angiogênese normal e induzida por tumores, influenciando o prognóstico dos pacientes comneoplasias mamárias. Portanto, a identificação por meio de marcadores específicos para o VEGF e seusreceptores pode servir como fonte de informações sobre a característica de agressividade das neoplasias demama, estabelecendo-se, assim, um prognóstico. Acrescenta-se, ainda, a possibilidade de emprego de drogasantiangiogênicas, que atuam inibindo a função do VEGF como forma de controle de progressão tumoral esurgimento ou evolução de metástases. Contudo, pesquisas na medicina veterinária ainda são escassas, embora oemprego dessas drogas com sucesso em humanos e em animais de laboratório encoraja a necessidade de maisestudos sobre o envolvimento do VEGF em tumores mamários de cadelas e gatas.(AU)

The mammary neoplasias represents more than half of the tumors that affect bitches, grand part beingmalignant tumors. They are less common in cats, although the majority is malignant tumors. The vascularendothelial growth factor (VEGF) is very important during the mammary gland development, normal and tumorinduced angiogenesis and influences the prognosis of patients with mammary neoplasias. Therefore, the assistedVEGF specific markers and for its receptors identification may be a useful source of information about themammary gland tumor aggressiveness and a helpful tool for a more precise prognosis. Additionally antiangiogenic drugs, acting as VEGF inhibitor, may be a control form of tumor progression, metastasis appearanceand evolution. Veterinary research in this field are scarce, although the success use of these drugs in human andlaboratory animals encourage the studies about VEGF involvement in dogs and cats mammary tumors.(AU)

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A reprodução é considerada uma das bases fundamentais da bovinocultura mundial e, quando não se atinge um desempenho reprodutivo adequado, pode representar grandes perdas econômicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi observar os efeitos causados à genitália da fêmea bovina pelo dispositivo intravaginal siliconado de progestágeno, implantado para sincronização do estro, comparando-os a um grupo com implante auricular, sob os aspectos clínico, citológico e a taxa de prenhez. Foram utilizadas 29 vacas Nelore, com idades entre três e seis anos, divididas em dois grupos. Foram realizadas a palpação retal, a vaginoscopia e a coleta de material para citologia vaginal, em ambos os grupos, antes da aplicação dos implantes de progesterona e no dia da inseminação artificial. A eficiência de ambos foi a mesma quanto à sincronização do estro, porém algumas vacas que receberam dispositivos intravaginais apresentaram vaginite, o que interferiu negativamente na taxa de prenhez. Conclui-se que animais com inflamação vaginal classificada como igual ou superior ao 2º grau, de acordo com a vaginoscopia, podem apresentar problemas em conceber e redução na taxa de prenhez, sendo necessário o tratamento deles.

Reproduction is considered one of the fundamental bases of cattle world and when it not reaches an adequate reproductive performance, can have large economic losses. The objective of this study was to observe the effects of bovine female genitalia of the implanted intravaginal silicone device of progesterone for estrus synchronization, comparing them to a group with ear implant under the clinical, cytological and pregnancy rate. We used 29 cows, Nellore, aged between three to six years, divided into two groups. Rectal palpation was performed, vaginoscopy and collecting material for vaginal cytology in both groups, before application of the implants of progesterone and on the day of artificial insemination. The efficiency of both were the same the synchronization of estrus, however some cows that received intravaginally devices had vaginitis that interfered negatively with pregnancy rate. It is concluded that animals with degree of inflammation 2 may have implications for pregnancy rates, having trouble conceiving, it is necessary to treat them.

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A identificação eletrônica apresenta-se como uma tecnologia inovadora na monitorização de animais, com uma série de vantagens quando comparada aos métodos tradicionais. Foram utilizados 30 reprodutores de rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus) com peso médio de 376,57 g. Os tratamentos foram correspondentes aos diferentes locais de implante: 1) região temporal e 2) região coxal. Os implantes na região temporal apresentaram uma distância de migração ≥10 mm, fato observado em 55,33% dos animais. No entanto, os microchips implantados na coxa migraram um trajeto muito inferior (≤2 mm), observado em 20% dos animais. O local mais indicado a receber o implante dos microchips foi a região coxal, por apresentar ótima aceitabilidade pelo animal e não desencadear inflamação ou rejeição. O implante ficou dentro de um limite não crítico de movimentação no corpo do animal.

The electronic identification presents itself as a new technology for the monitoring of animals, having a number of advantages compared to traditional methods. A total of 30 breeding bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) with average weight of 376.57 g were used. The treatments were the different implant sites: 1) the temporal region and 2) coxal region. The implants had a temporal region of the migration distance ≥10 mm observed at 55.33% of the animals. However, the implanted microchip thigh migrated a path much less (≤2 mm) was observed in 20% of animals. The most suitable place to receive the implant of microchips was the coxal region, due to its overall acceptability by the animal and not triggers inflammation or rejection, getting within a limit not critical movement in the animal body.

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