RESUMO
Coffea sp. is cultivated in many tropical countries. Brazil has always adopted intensive agricultural practices, but organic coffee farming is an alternative system based on the non-use of agrochemicals and the rational management of soils. Metabarcoding 16S analysis using next-generation sequencing has been developed to identify and compare the diversity of the Coffea arabica L. rhizospheric bacterial community in two farming areas in São Paulo, Brazil. Dourado uses conventional farming, while Ribeirão Corrente uses organic. We found broad taxonomic composition, with sequences from 24 phyla, 55 classes, 61 orders, 146 families, and 337genus. The three most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria (38.27%), Actinobacteria (15.56%), and Acidobacteria (16.10%). In organic farming, the top 3 were the family Sphingomonadaceae, order Rhizobiales, genus Nocardioides, and Gp6. The genus Gp2 and the phylum Candidatus Saccharibacteria were the most abundant OTUs exclusively present in conventional farming. In the organic farming practice, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were also present among the exclusive OTUs; we also found OTUs belonging to Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Verrucomicrobia. Our study indicates a positive effect of organic farming on microbial communities. Fertilization may directly affect soil microbiota, suggesting that a large and active microbial community low in functional diversity might not adapt to new climatic conditions. A diverse community could provide better resilience to environmental changes, improving the productivity of this important crop.
Assuntos
Coffea , Humanos , Brasil , Bactérias/genética , Agricultura , Proteobactérias/genética , Solo/química , Microbiologia do Solo , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genéticaRESUMO
The present study aimed to estimate covariance components of milk fatty acids (FA) and to compare the genomic estimated breeding values under general and heat-stress effects. Data consisted of 38,762 test-day records from 6,344 Holstein cows obtained from May 2012 through January 2018 on 4 dairy herds from Brazil. Single-trait repeatability test-day models with random regressions as a function of temperature-humidity index values were used for genetic analyses. The models included contemporary groups, parity order (1-6), and days in milk classes as fixed effects, and general and thermotolerance additive genetic and permanent environmental as random effects. Notably, differences in heritability estimates between environments (general and heat stress) increased (0.03 to 0.06) for unsaturated FA traits, such as unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated, at higher heat-stress levels. In contrast, heritability estimated between environments for saturated FA traits, including saturated FA, palmitic acid (C16:0), and stearic acid (C18:0) did not observe significant differences between environments. In addition, our study revealed negative genetic correlations between general and heat-stress additive genetic effects (antagonistic effect) for the saturated FA, C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1, which ranged from -0.007 to -0.32. Spearman's ranking correlation between genomic estimated breeding values ranged from -0.27 to 0.99. Results indicated a moderate to strong interaction of genotype by the environment for most FA traits comparing a heat-stress environment with thermoneutral conditions. Our findings point out novel opportunities to explore the use of FA milk profile and heat-stress models.
Assuntos
Lactação , Leite , Animais , Brasil , Bovinos , Ácidos Graxos , Feminino , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/genética , Lactação/genética , GravidezRESUMO
Identifying genes or genomic regions influencing carcass-quality traits such as fatness (FTN) is essential to optimize the genetic selection processes in beef cattle. The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with FTN in Nellore cattle as well as to elucidate the metabolic pathways related to the phenotypic expression. Ultrasound-based measurements of FTN were collected in 11 750 animals, with 39 903 animals in the pedigree file. Additionally, 1440 animals were genotyped using the GGP-indicus 35K SNP panel, which contained 33 623 SNPs after quality control. Twenty genes related to FTN were found on 11 chromosomes, explaining 12.96% of the total additive genetic variance. Gene ontology revealed seven genes: NR1L2, PKD2, GSK3ß, EXT1, RAD51B, SORCS1 and DPH6, associated with important processes related to FTN. In addition, novel candidate genes (MAATS1, LYPD1, CDK5RAP2, RAD51B, c13H2Oorf96 and TRAPPC11) were detected and could provide further knowledge to uncover genetic regions associated to carcass fatness in beef cattle.
Assuntos
Adiposidade/genética , Bovinos/genética , Carne Vermelha/análise , Animais , Brasil , Ontologia Genética , Estudos de Associação Genética/veterinária , Genótipo , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/genética , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The endangered butterfly Scada karschina delicata Talbot, 1932 (Nymphalidae: Danainae: Ithomiini) is endemic to northeastern Brazil, occurring in very few forest remnants of the 'Pernambuco Center of Endemism'. Larvae feed on Solanaceae and are very similar to those of other species in the subtribe Mechanitina, with lateral projections on body, one of the main synapomorphies of this subtribe. Based on molecular data, S. k. delicata clustered together with S. karschina karschina, as a monophyletic group sister to the amazon clade of S. reckia. Based on all available data, S. k. delicata is known from only five localities of mid- to high-altitude forests (from 500 to 1000 m of altitude) in northeastern Brazil. Grounded on available data, a new assessment of extinction risk is proposed, and S. k. delicata is now considered Vulnerable (VU) taxon.
Assuntos
Borboletas/fisiologia , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Filogenia , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Brasil , Borboletas/classificação , Ecossistema , Florestas , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , SolanaceaeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prostate cancer (CaP) detection rates of contrast-enhanced, transrectal subharmonic ultrasound imaging (SHI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This IRB-approved study enrolled 55 subjects. The initial 5 subjects were studied for SHI optimization, while the remaining 50 were evaluated with contrast-enhanced sonography using continuous SHI, color, and power Doppler as well as conventional grayscale, continuous color, and power Doppler and SHI combined with maximum flash replenishment. A maximum of 6 directed biopsy cores were obtained from sites of greatest asymmetrical enhancement, followed by spatially distributed cores in a double sextant distribution. Subharmonic time-intensity parameters, including time to peak intensity, peak intensity, and estimated perfusion were also evaluated for each directed biopsy core. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and conditional logistic regression were employed to assess the benefit of each modality and the quantitative SHI parameters. RESULTS: Cancer was detected in 22 of 50 subjects. Among subjects with clinically significant CaP (n = 11), targeted cores were more likely to be positive (odds ratio 1.39, P = .02). The majority of patients detected by SHI demonstrated significant CaP (5/8); SHI remained an independent marker of malignancy in a multivariate logistic regression model (P = .027). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of imaging findings compared to biopsy results yielded diagnostic accuracies ranging from 0.59 to 0.80 for all imaging modalities with the highest being for quantitative subharmonic perfusion estimates. CONCLUSION: This first-in-humans study provides a preliminary estimate of the diagnostic accuracy of SHI for detection of clinically significant CaP (up to 80%).
Assuntos
Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Ultrassonografia Doppler/métodos , Idoso , Biópsia com Agulha de Grande Calibre/estatística & dados numéricos , Meios de Contraste/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Microbolhas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Curva ROC , Ultrassonografia Doppler/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
AIM: This observational cohort study aimed: (i) to determine retrospectively after a 1- to 12-year follow-up period, the strength and independence of the association of various patient-, tooth- and treatment-related prognostic variables with the outcome of root canal treatment in patients with pre-therapeutic apical periodontitis; and (ii) to establish the concordance between those predictors evaluated by both cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital periapical radiography (DPR). METHODOLOGY: The study cohort included 125 teeth in 84 individuals. The postoperative clinical signs/symptoms, plus DPR/CBCT-PAI estimations, were used to determine the healing outcome. For statistical analysis, results were dichotomized into completely healed periapical structures versus persistent disease cases. The association between candidate predictor variables with persistent disease was analysed individually and adjusted for confounders using a multivariate binary logistic regression model. RESULTS: The success rate was 53.6%. After logistic regression analysis, mandibular tooth location, periapical lesion size >10 mm, poor quality of the coronal restoration, lack of magnification/illumination, lack of disinfection of gutta-percha, time elapsed to definitive coronal restoration >1 week and poor density of root canal filling remained as robust predictors of failures. Concordance between DPR and CBCT scores varied from moderate to almost perfect agreement. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that several tooth- and treatment-related predictor variables, including tooth location, periapical radiolucency size, quality of the coronal restoration, magnification/illumination, disinfection of gutta-percha, time elapsed to definitive coronal restoration, as well as, the density of root canal filling may act strongly and independently for determining the root canal treatment outcome in teeth with pre-therapeutic apical periodontitis.
Assuntos
Cavidade Pulpar , Periodontite Periapical , Estudos de Coortes , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Humanos , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tratamento do Canal RadicularRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Considering the difficulty in obtaining weight and height measurements of patients at hospital admission, the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) proposes the use of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) instead of body mass index (BMI) as an alternative for screening of malnutrition risk. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of MUST with MUAC in place of BMI to identify nutritional risk and predict prolonged hospitalisation and mortality in hospitalised patients. METHODS: The prospective cohort study involved ambulant patients aged ≥18 years who were admitted to the emergency department of a public hospital. A questionnaire concerning clinical and socio-demographic data was applied and anthropometric measurements were performed (weight, height, BMI and MUAC). Nutritional risk screening was performed using the original MUST (BMI) and MUST-MUAC tools. The outcomes were length of hospital stay and death. RESULTS: Seven hundred and fifty-two patients were included and followed-up for 13.5 (interquartile range 3.00-19.00) days. The frequency of patients at nutritional risk was higher according to MUST-MUAC (48.9%) compared to the original MUST (37.1%). MUST-MUAC showed concurrent validity, demonstrating good agreement with the original MUST (k = 0.690), high sensitivity (95.3%) and accuracy (area under the curve = 0.868; 95% confidence interval = 0.841-0.895) with respect to identifying nutritional risk. The presence of nutritional risk detected by the MUST-MUAC increased the chance of prolonged hospital stay by 1.9 (95% CI. 1.4-2.7)-fold and mortality by 3.2 (95% CI. 1.1-9.4)-fold. CONCLUSIONS: MUST-MUAC showed satisfactory concurrent and predictive validity. Considering that MUAC measurement is easier to perform than BMI, the MUST-MUAC should be used for screening of nutritional risk in hospitalised patients.
Assuntos
Antropometria/métodos , Braço/anatomia & histologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Admissão do Paciente , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Advances in the molecular area of selection have expanded knowledge of the genetic architecture of complex traits through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Several GWAS have been performed so far, but confirming these results is not always possible due to several factors, including environmental conditions. Thus, our objective was to identify genomic regions associated with traditional milk production traits, including milk yield, somatic cell score, fat, protein and lactose percentages, and fatty acid composition in a Holstein cattle population producing under tropical conditions. For this, 75,228 phenotypic records from 5,981 cows and genotypic data of 56,256 SNP from 1,067 cows were used in a weighted single-step GWAS. A total of 46 windows of 10 SNP explaining more than 1% of the genetic variance across 10 Bos taurus autosomes (BTA) harbored well-known and novel genes. The MGST1 (BTA5), ABCG2 (BTA6), DGAT1 (BTA14), and PAEP (BTA11) genes were confirmed within some of the regions identified in our study. Potential novel genes involved in tissue damage and repair of the mammary gland (COL18A1), immune response (LTTC19), glucose homeostasis (SLC37A1), synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (LTBP1), and sugar transport (SLC37A1 and MFSD4A) were found for milk yield, somatic cell score, fat percentage, and fatty acid composition. Our findings may assist genomic selection by using these regions to design a customized SNP array to improve milk production traits on farms with similar environmental conditions.
Assuntos
Bovinos/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/veterinária , Genótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Animais , Brasil , Bovinos/fisiologia , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Feminino , Genoma , Genômica , Leite/metabolismoRESUMO
TITLE: Sindrome de Pisa asociado a codeina.
Assuntos
Codeína/efeitos adversos , Distúrbios Distônicos/induzido quimicamente , Acetaminofen/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Analgésicos/efeitos adversos , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Dor nas Costas/tratamento farmacológico , Dor nas Costas/etiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Carcinoma Lobular/secundário , Codeína/uso terapêutico , Substituição de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Distúrbios Distônicos/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Cetorolaco/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/secundário , SíndromeRESUMO
Temporomandibular myofascial pain presents a major challenge in the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Due to the characteristics of this condition, intramuscular injection procedures are often needed for adequate control of symptoms and treatment. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of dry needling and injection with different substances in temporomandibular myofascial pain. Electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL/Cochrane, Lilacs, Scopus, Web of Science and CAPES Catalog of Dissertations and Theses were searched for randomized clinical trials until January 2018. Manual search was performed in relevant journals and in the references/citations of the included studies. The selection of studies was carried out by two independent reviewers according to eligibility criteria. From 7128 eligible studies, 137 were selected for full-text analysis and 18 were included. Due to the heterogeneity of the primary studies it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. The narrative analysis of the results showed that most of the studies had methodological limitations and biases that compromised the quality of the findings. Dry needling and local anaesthesic injections seem promising, but there is a need to conduct further randomized clinical trials, with larger samples and longer follow-up times, to evaluate the real effectiveness of the technique and evaluated substances.