RESUMO
We investigated the ABO genotypes and heterogeneity of the O alleles in Plasmodium falciparum-infected and non-infected individuals from the Brazilian Amazon region. Sample collection took place from May 2003 to August 2005, from P. falciparum malaria patients from four endemic regions of the Brazilian Amazon. The control group consisted of donors from four blood banks in the same areas. DNA was extracted using the Easy-DNA(TM) extraction kit. ABO genotyping was performed using PCR/RFLP. There was a high frequency of ABO*O01O01. ABO*AO01 was the second most frequent genotype, and the third most frequent genotype was ABO*BO01. There were low frequencies of the ABO*O01O02, ABO*AA, ABO*AB, ABO*BB, and ABO*O02O02 genotypes. We analyzed the alleles of the O phenotype; the O(1variant) allele was the most frequent, both in malaria and non-malaria groups; consequently, the homozygous genotype O(1)(v)O(1)(v) was the most frequently observed. There was no evidence of the homozygous O(2) allele. Significant differences were not detected in the frequency of individuals with the various alleles in the comparison of the malaria patients and the general population (blood donors).
Assuntos
Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética , Doadores de Sangue , Malária Falciparum/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição/genética , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Infecções por Alphavirus/epidemiologia , Alphavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Arbovirus/epidemiologia , Arbovírus/isolamento & purificação , Doadores de Sangue , Dengue/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Infecções por Flavivirus/epidemiologia , Flavivirus/isolamento & purificação , Viremia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Alphavirus/sangue , Infecções por Alphavirus/virologia , Infecções por Arbovirus/sangue , Infecções por Arbovirus/virologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/sangue , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/virologia , Dengue/sangue , Dengue/virologia , Vírus da Dengue/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Endêmicas , Infecções por Flavivirus/sangue , Infecções por Flavivirus/virologia , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , População Urbana , Viremia/sangueRESUMO
Malaria is an endemic parasitosis and its causitive agent, Plasmodium, has a metabolism linked to iron supply. HFE is a gene with the polymorphisms C282Y and H63D, which are associated with a progressive iron accumulation in the organism leading to a disease called hereditary hemochromatosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the HFE gene polymorphisms in malaria patients and blood donors from the Brazilian Amazon region. We screened 400 blood donors and 400 malaria patients for the HFE C282Y and H63D polymorphisms from four states of the Brazilian Amazon region by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. We did not find any C282Y homozygous individuals, and the only five heterozygous individuals detected were from Pará State. The most frequent genotype in the North region of Brazil was the H63D heterozygote, in both study groups. Our results contribute to the concept that the Brazilian Amazon region should not be regarded as a single entity in South America. These polymorphisms did not influence the symptoms of malaria in the population studied, as neither severe signs nor high parasitemia were observed. Therefore, different hereditary hemochromatosis diagnostic and control measures must be developed and applied within its diverse locations. Investigations are currently being carried out in our laboratory in order to determine the importance of the coexistence of hereditary hemochromatosis in patients affected by parasitic diseases, such as malaria.
Assuntos
Frequência do Gene , Malária/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adulto , Alelos , Animais , Doadores de Sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doenças Endêmicas , Feminino , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Malária/sangue , Malária/epidemiologia , Malária/parasitologia , Masculino , Plasmodium falciparum/parasitologia , Plasmodium vivax/parasitologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Malaria is an endemic parasitosis and its causitive agent, Plasmodium, has a metabolism linked to iron supply. HFE is a gene with the polymorphisms C282Y and H63D, which are associated with a progressive iron accumulation in the organism leading to a disease called hereditary hemochromatosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the HFE gene polymorphisms in malaria patients and blood donors from the Brazilian Amazon region. We screened 400 blood donors and 400 malaria patients for the HFE C282Y and H63D polymorphisms from four states of the Brazilian Amazon region by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. We did not find any C282Y homozygous individuals, and the only five heterozygous individuals detected were from Pará State. The most frequent genotype in the North region of Brazil was the H63D heterozygote, in both study groups. Our results contribute to the concept that the Brazilian Amazon region should not be regarded as a single entity in South America. These polymorphisms did not influence the symptoms of malaria in the population studied, as neither severe signs nor high parasitemia were observed. Therefore, different hereditary hemochromatosis diagnostic and control measures must be developed and applied within its diverse locations. Investigations are currently being carried out in our laboratory in order to determine the importance of the coexistence of hereditary hemochromatosis in patients affected by parasitic diseases, such as malaria.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Adulto , Frequência do Gene , Malária/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Alelos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doenças Endêmicas , Heterozigoto , Malária/epidemiologia , Malária/parasitologia , Malária/sangue , Prevalência , Plasmodium falciparum/parasitologia , Plasmodium vivax/parasitologiaRESUMO
We describe a heterozygous case of Hb I-Philadelphia [alpha 16 (A14) LYS-->GLU] in a blood donor from the Acre State Blood Bank, in the Brazilian Amazon region. We confirmed the mutation by electrophoretic and chromatographic methods and by DNA sequencing. A literature search showed that this is the first description of this alpha globin mutant in a Brazilian Caucasian group. We also emphasize the importance of the hemoglobin study in blood donors for the purpose of the genetic counseling and quality assurance of the blood to be transfused. Screening tests for hemoglobin mutants are also important for gathering anthropological information about the Brazilian population.
Assuntos
Hemoglobinas Anormais/genética , Heterozigoto , Mutação/genética , Adulto , Doadores de Sangue , Brasil , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Eletroforese , Hemoglobinas Anormais/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
We describe a heterozygous case of Hb I-Philadelphia [alpha 16 (A14) LYS-->GLU] in a blood donor from the Acre State Blood Bank, in the Brazilian Amazon region. We confirmed the mutation by electrophoretic and chromatographic methods and by DNA sequencing. A literature search showed that this is the first description of this alpha globin mutant in a Brazilian Caucasian group. We also emphasize the importance of the hemoglobin study in blood donors for the purpose of the genetic counseling and quality assurance of the blood to be transfused. Screening tests for hemoglobin mutants are also important for gathering anthropological information about the Brazilian population.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Heterozigoto , Hemoglobinas Anormais/genética , Mutação/genética , Doadores de Sangue , Brasil , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Eletroforese , Hemoglobinas Anormais/análise , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Comparing patterns of genetic variation at multiple loci in the genome of a species can potentially identify loci which are under selection. The large number of polymorphic microsatellites in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum are available markers to screen for selectively important loci. The Pfs48/45 gene on Chromosome 13 encodes an antigenic protein located on the surface of parasite gametes, which is a candidate for a transmission blocking vaccine. Here, genotypic data from 255 P. falciparum isolates are presented, which show that alleles and haplotypes of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Pfs48/45 gene are exceptionally skewed in frequency among different P. falciparum populations, compared with alleles at 11 microsatellite loci sampled widely from the parasite genome. Fixation indices measuring inter-population variance in allele frequencies (F(ST)) were in the order of four to seven times higher for Pfs48/45 than for the microsatellites, whether considered (i) among populations within Africa, or (ii) among different continents. Differing mutational processes at microsatellite and SNP loci could generally affect the population structure at these different types of loci, to an unknown extent which deserves further investigation. The highly contrasting population structure may also suggest divergent selection on the amino acid sequence of Pfs48/45 in different populations, which plausibly indicates a role for the protein in determining gamete recognition and compatibility.
Assuntos
Variação Genética/genética , Malária Falciparum/epidemiologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Plasmodium falciparum/genética , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , África/epidemiologia , Alelos , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Frequência do Gene , Genética Populacional , Haplótipos , Humanos , Malária Falciparum/parasitologia , Malásia/epidemiologia , Plasmodium falciparum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
We report the evaluation of four techniques for Giardia lamblia diagnosis in children's stool. The Iron haematoxilin staining and direct examination with lugol showed lower positivity, while the method of Faust et al. Continues to be a good option for G. lamblia diagnosis and Immunoenzymatic assay increases the detection of this parasite.
Assuntos
Fezes/parasitologia , Giardia lamblia/isolamento & purificação , Giardíase/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Animais , Brasil , Criança , Humanos , Parasitologia/métodosRESUMO
We report the evaluation of four techniques for Giardia lamblia diagnosis in children's stool. The Iron haematoxilin staining and direct examination with lugol showed lower positivity, while the method of Faust et al. Continues to be a good option for G. lamblia diagnosis and Immunoenzymatic assay increases the detection of this parasite.
Relatamos a comparação de quatro metodologias para o diagnóstico da Giardia lamblia em material fecal de crianças, Belém/PA. A Hematoxilina Férrica e o método direto apresentaram menor positividade, enquanto que o Método de Faust continua uma boa escolha para o diagnóstico e o Ensaio imunoenzimático melhora a qualidade da detecção deste parasito.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Animais , Criança , Humanos , Fezes/parasitologia , Giardia lamblia/isolamento & purificação , Giardíase/diagnóstico , Brasil , Parasitologia/métodosRESUMO
The present study evaluated the glass fibre membrane (GFM)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique for genotyping the Plasmodium vivax variants, to verify the distribution of P. vivax variants (VK210, VK247 and P. vivax-like) in parts of Brazil and their correlation with levels of parasitaemia, previous malaria experience and clearance of parasitaemia linked to different treatment schedules. The samples were taken from individuals living in Macapá, Porto Velho and Belém, all of which are endemic areas of vivax malaria in the Amazon region of Brazil. Blood samples were collected on GFMs. The gene that codes for the circumsporozoite proteins of P. vivax variants was amplified by PCR and the amplified fragments were hybridized to variant-specific, digoxigenin-labelled oligonucleotide probes by ELISA. The GFM-PCR-ELISA technique was shown to be accurate for epidemiological surveys of the vivax complex. All variants were detected in all 3 areas, but only P. vivax VK210 was found as a single agent of infection, while the other 2 occurred as mixed infections. The P. vivax-like variant was found to be associated with low parasitaemia and VK210 with the highest parasitaemia levels; none of the P. vivax variants was linked with a previous malaria experience. In all cases parasitaemia clearance was identical regarding the type of treatment and consequently it is not possible to confirm the previously reported correlation between P. vivax genotype and response to chloroquine.