RESUMO
UNLABELLED: Upper gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal pain, heartburn, early satiety, bloating and anorexia, are frequently reported by HIV positive patients; however, their prevalence and diagnostic approach are unknown. AIMS: To evaluate the frequency of endoscopic and histologic diagnosis in HIV positive patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms referred to upper endoscopy, and to compare them with those found in a non-HIV infected group with similar symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Out of 132 HIV positive patients referred to upper endoscopy, 102 (75%) with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, and 177 non-HIV controls were prospectively included. All patients answered questionnaires assessing frequency, severity and impact of symptoms on quality of life, and underwent upper endoscopy with systematic mucosal biopsies from esophagus, stomach and distal duodenum. RESULTS: Upper abdominal pain, heartburn and bloating were the most common upper gastrointestinal symptom reported in both groups. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting and early satiety were more frequent among HIV positive patients (p = or < 0.01). Intensity and impact of symptoms quality of life were higher in this group (p = 0.0001). Opportunistic infections were detected in 29 (28.4%) HIV positive patients. This subgroup had a lower mean CD4 count (p = 0.0004). In 76 (75.4%) HIV positive non-opportunistic diseases were diagnosed, with similar frequency to HIV negative individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Upper endoscopy with biopsies detected opportunistic and non-opportunistic diseases in HIV positive patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Opportunistic diseases were related to lower CD4 counts. Non-opportunistic diseases had similar frequency in both groups, HIV positive and negative controls.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório , Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Soropositividade para HIV/complicações , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Biópsia , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Soronegatividade para HIV , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Upper gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal pain, heartburn, early satiety, bloating and anorexia, are frequently reported by HIV positive patients; however, their prevalence and diagnostic approach are unknown. AIMS: To evaluate the frequency of endoscopic and histologic diagnosis in HIV positive patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms referred to upper endoscopy, and to compare them with those found in a non-HIV infected group with similar symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Out of 132 HIV positive patients referred to upper endoscopy, 102 (75
) with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, and 177 non-HIV controls were prospectively included. All patients answered questionnaires assessing frequency, severity and impact of symptoms on quality of life, and underwent upper endoscopy with systematic mucosal biopsies from esophagus, stomach and distal duodenum. RESULTS: Upper abdominal pain, heartburn and bloating were the most common upper gastrointestinal symptom reported in both groups. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting and early satiety were more frequent among HIV positive patients (p = or < 0.01). Intensity and impact of symptoms quality of life were higher in this group (p = 0.0001). Opportunistic infections were detected in 29 (28.4
) HIV positive patients. This subgroup had a lower mean CD4 count (p = 0.0004). In 76 (75.4
) HIV positive non-opportunistic diseases were diagnosed, with similar frequency to HIV negative individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Upper endoscopy with biopsies detected opportunistic and non-opportunistic diseases in HIV positive patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Opportunistic diseases were related to lower CD4 counts. Non-opportunistic diseases had similar frequency in both groups, HIV positive and negative controls.
RESUMO
Opportunistic esophageal infections (Candida, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus) and idiophatic esophageal ulcerations are commonly found in HIV patients. However, motility disorders of the esophagus have seldom been investigated in this population. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the presence of motility disorders in HIV patients with esophageal symptoms (with or without associated lesions detected by endoscopy) and in HIV patients without esophageal symptoms and normal esophagoscopy. Eigthteen consecutive HIV patients (10 male, 8 female, ages 20-44 years, mean age 33.5; 8 HIV positive and 10 AIDS) were studied prospectively. Nine patients complained of esophageal symptoms, e.g, dysphagia/odynophagia (group 1) and 9 had symptoms not related to esophageal disease, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, or gastrointestinal bleeding (group 2). All patients underwent upper endoscopy; mucosal biopsies were taken when macroscopic esophageal lesions were identified or when the patients were symptomatic even if the esophageal mucosa was normal. Esophageal manometry was performed in the 18 patients, using a 4-channel water-perfused system according to a standardized technique. Sixteen of the 18 patients (88.8%) had baseline manometric abnormalities. In group 1, 8/9 patients had esophageal motility disorders: nutcrackeresophagus in 1, hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter (LES) with incomplete relaxation in 2, nonspecific esophageal motility disorders (NEMD) in 3, diffuse esophageal spasm in 1, esophageal hypocontraction with low LES pressure in 1. Six of these 9 patients had lesions detected by endoscopy: CMV ulcers in 2, idiopathic ulcers in 1, candidiasis in 1, idiopathic ulcer + candidiasis in 1, nonspecific esophagitis in 1; and 3/9 had normal endoscopy and normal esophageal biopsies. In group 2, 8/9 patients had abnormal motility: hypertensive LES with incomplete relaxation in 1, nutcracker esophagus in 2, esophageal hypocontraction in 3, and NEMD in 2. All these patients had a normal esophageal mucosa at endoscopy. In conclusion, our findings suggest that HIV patients have esophageal motility disorders independent of esophageal symptoms and/or the presence of mucosal esophageal lesions.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Motilidade Esofágica/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Adulto , Comorbidade , Transtornos da Motilidade Esofágica/diagnóstico , Esofagoscopia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Manometria/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Amostragem , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
Em 39 pacientes con indicación de colecistectomía laparoscópica (LC), se realizó una colangiopancreatografía endoscópica (ERCP) antes de la cirugía por presentar colestasis intermitente, pancreatitis aguda o dilatación ecográfica de la vía biliar. No se encontró ninguna anormalidad en 24. En 14, con litiasis coledociana, se extrajeron los cálculos por esfinterotomia endoscópica (EST) y luego se realizó la LC sin observarse complicaciones. Un paciente con síndrome de Mirizzi requirió colecistectomía convencional. La ERCP se indicó por complicaciones de la LC en 24 pacientes entre el día 2 y 210 posteriores al procedimiento. La etiología de estas complicaciones se pudo establecer en todos los casos. Dieciseis tuvieron litiasis residual do colédoco, 14 pudieron tratarse endoscópicamente y 2 con múltiples cálculos requirieron cirugía. Cuatro pacientes presentaron fístulas del cístico remanente de los cuales 1 curó espontaneamente, 1 cerró despues de una EST y extracción de cálculos residuales, 1 curó con la colocación endocópicamente de un drenaje nasobiliar y el último requirió tratamiento. Cuatro pacientes con obstrucción completa del hepático comúm por clips metálicos recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico
Assuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Colestase , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/efeitos adversos , Colelitíase , Colestase/cirurgia , Colelitíase/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Esfinterotomia EndoscópicaRESUMO
Em 39 pacientes con indicación de colecistectomía laparoscópica (LC), se realizó una colangiopancreatografía endoscópica (ERCP) antes de la cirugía por presentar colestasis intermitente, pancreatitis aguda o dilatación ecográfica de la vía biliar. No se encontró ninguna anormalidad en 24. En 14, con litiasis coledociana, se extrajeron los cálculos por esfinterotomia endoscópica (EST) y luego se realizó la LC sin observarse complicaciones. Un paciente con síndrome de Mirizzi requirió colecistectomía convencional. La ERCP se indicó por complicaciones de la LC en 24 pacientes entre el día 2 y 210 posteriores al procedimiento. La etiología de estas complicaciones se pudo establecer en todos los casos. Dieciseis tuvieron litiasis residual do colédoco, 14 pudieron tratarse endoscópicamente y 2 con múltiples cálculos requirieron cirugía. Cuatro pacientes presentaron fístulas del cístico remanente de los cuales 1 curó espontaneamente, 1 cerró despues de una EST y extracción de cálculos residuales, 1 curó con la colocación endocópicamente de un drenaje nasobiliar y el último requirió tratamiento. Cuatro pacientes con obstrucción completa del hepático comúm por clips metálicos recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico (AU)
Assuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/efeitos adversos , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Colelitíase/diagnóstico por imagem , Colestase/diagnóstico por imagem , Colelitíase/cirurgia , Colestase/cirurgia , Esfinterotomia Endoscópica , Complicações Pós-OperatóriasRESUMO
Se presentan dos casos de hemangiomas del recto y del ano, uno difuso y otro localizado. Se describe la sintomatología y signología características, la metodología diagnóstica y se discuten las modalidades terapéuticas en relación al tipo de localización del hemangioma.