RESUMO
Cholera is rare in the United States (annual average 6 cases). Since epidemic cholera began in Hispaniola in 2010, a total of 23 cholera cases caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 have been confirmed in the United States. Twenty-two case-patients reported travel to Hispaniola and 1 reported consumption of seafood from Haiti.
Assuntos
Cólera/epidemiologia , Epidemias , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Cólera/terapia , Cólera/transmissão , República Dominicana/epidemiologia , Feminino , Hidratação , Haiti/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Viagem , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Vibrio cholerae O1/isolamento & purificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
During the early weeks of the cholera outbreak that began in Haiti in October 2010, we conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors. Drinking treated water was strongly protective against illness. Our results highlight the effectiveness of safe water in cholera control.
Assuntos
Cólera/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cólera/prevenção & controle , Surtos de Doenças , Água Potável/normas , Feminino , Haiti/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Salmonella species cause an estimated 1.2 million infections per year in the United States, making it one of the most commonly reported enteric pathogens. In addition, Salmonella is an important cause of travel-associated diarrhea and enteric fever, a systemic illness commonly associated with Salmonella serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A. We reviewed cases of Salmonella infection reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), a sentinel surveillance network, from 2004 to 2008. We compared travelers with Salmonella infection to nontravelers with Salmonella infection with respect to demographics, clinical characteristics, and serotypes. Among 23,712 case-patients with known travel status, 11% had traveled internationally in the 7 days before illness. Travelers with Salmonella infection tended to be older (median age, 30 years) than nontravelers (median age, 24 years; p<0.0001), but were similar with respect to gender. The most common destinations reported were Mexico (38% of travel-associated infections), India (9%), Jamaica (7%), the Dominican Republic (4%), China (3%), and the Bahamas (2%). The proportions of travelers with Salmonella infection hospitalized and with invasive disease were inversely related to the income level of the destination (p<0.0001). The most commonly reported serotypes, regardless of travel status, were Enteritidis (19% of cases), Typhimurium (14%), Newport (9%), and Javiana (5%). Among infections caused by these four serotypes, 22%, 6%, 5%, and 4%, respectively, were associated with travel. A high index of clinical suspicion for Salmonella infection is appropriate when evaluating recent travelers, especially those who visited Africa, Asia, or Latin America.
Assuntos
Enterocolite/epidemiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Viagem , Fatores Etários , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. , Diarreia/etiologia , Enterocolite/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Febre/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , México , Salmonella/classificação , Intoxicação Alimentar por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Intoxicação Alimentar por Salmonella/fisiopatologia , Infecções por Salmonella/fisiopatologia , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , Sorotipagem , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between febrile seizures and cognitive performance in early adulthood. STUDY DESIGN: This is a population-based study using data linked from health-care databases and conscript records of Danish men born from 1977 to 1983. The association between febrile seizures and cognitive function, measured with the Boerge Prien validated group intelligence test, was examined overall and by age of seizure, adjusted for potential confounders. The analysis was restricted to men without a known history of epilepsy (n = 18 276). RESULTS: Of the 18 276 eligible conscripts, 507 (2.8%) had a record of hospitalization with febrile seizures. Compared with conscripts with no such record, the adjusted prevalence ratio for having a Boerge Prien score in the bottom quartile was 1.08 (95% CI, 0.94-1.25). The adjusted prevalence ratios were 1.38 (95% CI, 1.07-1.79) for febrile seizures with an onset age of 3 months to <1 year, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.80-1.18) for febrile seizures with an onset age of 1 to 2 years, and 1.14 (95% CI, 0.79-1.66) for an onset age of 3 to 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, there was little association between febrile seizures and cognitive function.