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BACKGROUND: Sleeve gastrectomy may alter esophageal motility and lower esophageal sphincter pressure. AIM: To detect manometric changings in the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter before and after sleeve gastrectomy in order to select patients who could develop postoperative esophageal motilitity disorders and lower esophageal sphincter pressure modifications. METHODS: Seventy-three patients were selected. All were submitted to manometry before the operation and one year after. The variables analyzed were: resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter, contraction wave amplitude, duration of contraction waves, and esophageal peristalsis. Data were compared before and after surgery and to the healthy and non-obese control group. Exclusion criteria were: previous gastric surgery, reflux symptoms or endoscopic findings of reflux or hiatal hernia, diabetes and use of medications that could affect esophageal or lower esophageal sphincter motility. RESULTS: 49% of the patients presented preoperative manometric alterations: lower esophageal sphincter hypertonia in 47%, lower esophageal sphincter hypotonia in 22% and increase in contraction wave amplitude in 31%. One year after surgery, manometry was altered in 85% of patients: lower esophageal sphincter hypertonia in 11%, lower esophageal sphincter hypotonia in 52%, increase in contraction wave amplitude in 27% and 10% with alteration in esophageal peristalsis. Comparing the results between the preoperative and postoperative periods, was found statistical significance for the variables of the lower esophageal sphincter, amplitude of contraction waves and peristalsis. CONCLUSION: Manometry in the preoperative period of sleeve gastrectomy is not an exam to select candidates to this technique.

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ABSTRACT Background: Sleeve gastrectomy may alter esophageal motility and lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Aim: To detect manometric changings in the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter before and after sleeve gastrectomy in order to select patients who could develop postoperative esophageal motilitity disorders and lower esophageal sphincter pressure modifications. Methods: Seventy-three patients were selected. All were submitted to manometry before the operation and one year after. The variables analyzed were: resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter, contraction wave amplitude, duration of contraction waves, and esophageal peristalsis. Data were compared before and after surgery and to the healthy and non-obese control group. Exclusion criteria were: previous gastric surgery, reflux symptoms or endoscopic findings of reflux or hiatal hernia, diabetes and use of medications that could affect esophageal or lower esophageal sphincter motility. Results: 49% of the patients presented preoperative manometric alterations: lower esophageal sphincter hypertonia in 47%, lower esophageal sphincter hypotonia in 22% and increase in contraction wave amplitude in 31%. One year after surgery, manometry was altered in 85% of patients: lower esophageal sphincter hypertonia in 11%, lower esophageal sphincter hypotonia in 52%, increase in contraction wave amplitude in 27% and 10% with alteration in esophageal peristalsis. Comparing the results between the preoperative and postoperative periods, was found statistical significance for the variables of the lower esophageal sphincter, amplitude of contraction waves and peristalsis. Conclusion: Manometry in the preoperative period of sleeve gastrectomy is not an exam to select candidates to this technique.

RESUMO Racional: A gastrectomia vertical pode determinar alterações na motilidade esofágica e no esfíncter inferior do esôfago. Objetivo: Estudar as alterações manométricas do esfíncter inferior do esôfago e do esôfago antes e depois da operação a fim de selecionar pacientes que pudessem desenvolver alterações pós-operatórias. Métodos: Setenta e três pacientes foram selecionados. Todos foram submetidos à manometria antes da operação e um ano após. As variáveis analisadas foram: pressão do esfíncter inferior do esôfago, amplitude e duração das ondas de contração e peristaltismo esofágico. Os dados foram comparados entre si antes e depois da operação e também com grupo controle saudável e não obeso. Critérios de exclusão foram: operação gástrica prévia, história de refluxo ou achado endoscópico de esofagite de refluxo ou de hérnia de hiato, diabete e uso de medicamentos que pudessem afetar a motilidade do esôfago ou do esfíncter esofágico inferior. Resultados: 49% dos pacientes apresentaram alterações no pré-operatório: hipertonia do esfíncter em 47%, hipotonia do esfíncter em 22% e aumento na amplitude das ondas de contração em 31%. Um ano após, a manometria encontrou-se alterada em 85% dos pacientes: hipertonia do esfíncter em 11%, hipotonia do esfíncter em 52%, aumento na amplitude das ondas de contração em 27% e 10% com alteração no peristaltismo esofágico. Comparando-se os resultados entre o pré e pós-operatório encontrou-se significância estatística para a pressão do esfíncter inferior do esôfago, amplitude das ondas de contração e peristaltismo. Conclusão: A manometria no pré-operatório da gastrectomia vertical não é fator de seleção dos candidatos a essa técnica.

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BACKGROUND: Abnormal manometry findings can be found in the obese population. It is controversial if the manometry should be used to choose the adequate operation or if the motility status could predict symptomatic outcomes. AIM: To correlate the esophageal motility with postoperative symptoms, alimentary outcome and weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. METHODS: One hundred and fourteen patients were submitted to the operation and were prospectively studied. They had no GERD symptoms or diseases that might interfere with esophageal motor function. One year after surgery patients were interviewed regarding current symptoms and eating habits. RESULTS: Excess weight loss was 66.2 %. Sixty (52.6%) patients had an abnormal manometry. Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter was found in 18 (16%) patients and hypotonic sphincter in 31 (27%). Dumping syndrome was mentioned by 27 (23.6%) patients and 21 (18.4%) complained of regurgitation. Excellent, good, moderate and poor alimentary outcome was present in 32 (28%), 31 (27.2%), 39 (34.2%), 12 (11.6%) patients, respectively. Sphincter pressure and esophageal amplitude did not correlate with excess weight loss. Its average was significantly higher for patients with hypertensive esophageal amplitude. Regurgitation was more frequent in patients with a hypotensive sphincter. There is no correlation between dumping and sphincter pressure status; between dumping or regurgitation and esophageal amplitude; between alimentary outcomes and sphincter pressure status or esophageal amplitude. CONCLUSION: Esophageal manometry before Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is of limited clinical significance.

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RACIONAL: Achados anormais de manometria podem ser encontrados na população obesa. É controverso se a manometria deveria ser usada para escolher a técnica cirúrgica e se a função esofágica poderia prever os sintomas pós-operatórios. OBJETIVO: Correlacionar a motilidade do esôfago com sintomas pós-operatórios, resultado alimentar e perda de peso após a derivação gástrica em Y de Roux. MÉTODO: Cento e catorze pacientes submetidos à derivação foram estudados prospectivamente. Eles não apresentavam sintomas de refluxo gastroesofágico ou doenças que pudessem interferir com a função motora do esôfago. Um ano após a operação foram entrevistados sobre os sintomas e hábitos alimentares. RESULTADOS: A perda do excesso de peso foi de 66,2%. Sessenta pacientes (52,6%) tiveram manometria anormal; quarenta e nove (43%) alterações manométricas no esfíncter inferior do esôfago no pré-operatório; pressão elevada em 18 pacientes (16%) e baixa em 31 (27%). A síndrome de dumping foi encontrada em 27 (23,6%) pacientes e 21 (18,4%) queixaram-se de regurgitação. Resultado alimentar excelente, bom, moderado e pobre esteve presente em 32 (28%), 31 (27,2%), 39 (34,2%), 12 (11,6%) pacientes, respectivamente. A pressão do esfíncter inferior e amplitude de contração do esôfago não se correlacionam com perda do excesso de peso, cuja média foi significativamente maior para os pacientes com hipertensão na amplitude de contração. Regurgitação foi mais frequente em pacientes com hipotonia do esfíncter. Não houve correlação entre dumping e pressão do esfíncter inferior; entre amplitude de contração e dumping ou regurgitação; entre os resultados alimentares e pressão do esfíncter ou amplitude de contração do esôfago. CONCLUSÃO: A manometria esofágica antes da derivação é de importância clínica limitada.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal manometry findings can be found in the obese population. It is controversial if the manometry should be used to choose the adequate operation or if the motility status could predict symptomatic outcomes. AIM: To correlate the esophageal motility with postoperative symptoms, alimentary outcome and weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. METHODS: One hundred and fourteen patients were submitted to the operation and were prospectively studied. They had no GERD symptoms or diseases that might interfere with esophageal motor function. One year after surgery patients were interviewed regarding current symptoms and eating habits. RESULTS: Excess weight loss was 66.2 %. Sixty (52.6%) patients had an abnormal manometry. Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter was found in 18 (16%) patients and hypotonic sphincter in 31 (27%). Dumping syndrome was mentioned by 27 (23.6%) patients and 21 (18.4%) complained of regurgitation. Excellent, good, moderate and poor alimentary outcome was present in 32 (28%), 31 (27.2%), 39 (34.2%), 12 (11.6%) patients, respectively. Sphincter pressure and esophageal amplitude did not correlate with excess weight loss. Its average was significantly higher for patients with hypertensive esophageal amplitude. Regurgitation was more frequent in patients with a hypotensive sphincter. There is no correlation between dumping and sphincter pressure status; between dumping or regurgitation and esophageal amplitude; between alimentary outcomes and sphincter pressure status or esophageal amplitude. CONCLUSION: Esophageal manometry before Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is of limited clinical significance.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in promoting weight loss after an eight-year follow-up. METHODS: Two hundred and eleven obese patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with banding by the same surgical team. The study design was longitudinal, prospective and descriptive. The analysis of weight decrease in the postoperative period was based on the loss of excess weight in percentage and BMI. Failure was considered when patients lost <50% of excess weight. RESULTS: The loss of follow-up was 36.5%, therefore, 134 patients were included in this study. The loss of excess weight in global average rate in the postoperative period was: 67.6 ± 14.9% in the first year, 72.6 ± 14.9% in the second year, 69.7 ± 15.1% in fifth year and 66.8 ± 7.6 in eight years. Surgical treatment failure occurred in 15 patients (7.1%) over the period. CONCLUSION: Banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was effective in promoting and sustaining weight loss in the long term, with low failure rates.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da derivação gástrica com bandagem em Y-de-Roux na promoção da perda de peso após oito anos de seguimento. MÉTODOS: Duzentos e onze obesos foram submetidos à derivação gástrica com bandagem em Y-de-Roux, pela mesma equipe cirúrgica. O desenho do estudo foi longitudinal, prospectivo e descritivo. A análise da diminuição do peso no pós-operatório foi baseado na perda do excesso de peso em percentual e no cálculo do IMC. Falha terapêutica foi considerada quando os pacientes perderam <50 por cento do excesso de peso. RESULTADOS: A perda de seguimento foi de 36,5 por cento, portanto, 134 pacientes foram incluídos neste estudo. A perda do excesso de peso em percentual média global no pós-operatório foi de: 67,6 ± 14,9 por cento no primeiro ano, 72,6 ± 14,9 por cento no segundo ano, 69,7 ± 15,1 por cento no quinto ano e 66,8 ± 7,6 em oito anos. Falha no tratamento cirúrgico ocorreu em 15 pacientes (7,1 por cento) ao longo dos oito anos. CONCLUSÃO: A derivação gástrica com bandagem em Y-de-Roux foi efetiva na promoção e manutenção da perda de peso no longo prazo, com baixa taxa de falhas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in promoting weight loss after an eight-year follow-up. METHODS: Two hundred and eleven obese patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with banding by the same surgical team. The study design was longitudinal, prospective and descriptive. The analysis of weight decrease in the postoperative period was based on the loss of excess weight in percentage and BMI. Failure was considered when patients lost <50 percent of excess weight. RESULTS: The loss of follow-up was 36.5 percent, therefore, 134 patients were included in this study. The loss of excess weight in global average rate in the postoperative period was: 67.6 ± 14.9 percent in the first year, 72.6 ± 14.9 percent in the second year, 69.7 ± 15.1 percent in fifth year and 66.8 ± 7.6 in eight years. Surgical treatment failure occurred in 15 patients (7.1 percent) over the period. CONCLUSION: Banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was effective in promoting and sustaining weight loss in the long term, with low failure rates.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in obese patients before and after Roux-en-Y vertical banded gastroplasty. METHODS: We studied 20 class III obese patients undergoing Roux-en-Y vertical banded gastroplasty, seven men and 13 women, mean age 39 years, and 20 non-obese subjects, nine males and 11 females, mean age 38 years. We determined the plasma levels of malondialdehyde, stress an index, total antioxidant capacity, catalase, reduced and oxidized glutathione and inflammatory markers (C reactive protein and á-1 acid glycoprotein). In the obese group, these parameters were determined before and 2, 6 and 12 months after gastroplasty. RESULTS: Preoperatively, the obese group showed elevated levels of inflammatory markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde levels and stress index) and lower levels of indicators of antioxidant defense compared to the control group. Weight loss was accompanied by gradual reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde and stress index. We found an increased concentration of reduced glutathione and total antioxidant status and reduced levels of inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION: Weight loss improves the inflammatory state and oxidative stress levels.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar os indicadores de estresse oxidativo e marcadores inflamatórios em obesos antes e depois da gastroplastia vertical com bandagem em Y-de-Roux. MÉTODOS: Vinte obesos classe III foram submetidos à gastroplastia vertical com bandagem em Y-de-Roux, sendo sete homens e 13 mulheres, com idade média de 39 anos e 20 indivíduos não obesos, nove homens e 11 mulheres, média de idade de 38 anos. Foram determinados os níveis de malondialdeído no plasma, índice de estresse, capacidade antioxidante total, catalase e glutationa reduzida e oxidada, e marcadores inflamatórios (proteína C reativa e á-1 glicoproteína ácida). No grupo obeso, estes parâmetros foram determinados antes e 2, 6 e 12 meses após a gastroplastia vertical com bandagem em Y-de-Roux. RESULTADOS: No pré-operatório, o grupo obeso apresentou níveis elevados de marcadores inflamatórios, de estresse oxidativo (níveis de malondialdeído e índice de estresse) e menores níveis de indicadores de defesa antioxidante em relação ao grupo controle. O emagrecimento foi acompanhado de redução progressiva do níveis de malondialdeído e do índice de estresse. Foi observado aumento da concentração de glutationa reduzida e da capacidade antioxidante total e redução dos níveis de marcadores inflamatórios. CONCLUSÃO: A redução do peso melhora o estado inflamatório e os níveis de estresse oxidativo.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in obese patients before and after Roux-en-Y vertical banded gastroplasty. METHODS: We studied 20 class III obese patients undergoing Roux-en-Y vertical banded gastroplasty, seven men and 13 women, mean age 39 years, and 20 non-obese subjects, nine males and 11 females, mean age 38 years. We determined the plasma levels of malondialdehyde, stress an index, total antioxidant capacity, catalase, reduced and oxidized glutathione and inflammatory markers (C reactive protein and á-1 acid glycoprotein). In the obese group, these parameters were determined before and 2, 6 and 12 months after gastroplasty. RESULTS: Preoperatively, the obese group showed elevated levels of inflammatory markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde levels and stress index) and lower levels of indicators of antioxidant defense compared to the control group. Weight loss was accompanied by gradual reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde and stress index. We found an increased concentration of reduced glutathione and total antioxidant status and reduced levels of inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION: Weight loss improves the inflammatory state and oxidative stress levels.

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OBJETIVO: avaliar a morbidade e a mortalidade cirúrgica em pacientes submetidos a gastroduodenopancreatectomia (GDP) com linfadenectomia padrão e radical para adenocarcinoma de papila, analisando os fatores prognósticos com relação à sobrevida global e livre de doença. MÉTODOS: foram analisados retrospectivamente no período de 1999 a 2007, no Serviço de Cirurgia Abdômino-Pélvica do INCa-RJ, 50 casos de GDP para adenocarcinoma da papila duodenal divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a linfadenectomia (grupo A: linfadenectomia padrão e grupo B: linfadenectomia radical). RESULTADOS: A mediana de idade foi semelhante nos dois grupos, assim como a distribuição entre os sexos. Na comparação entre as linfadenectomias somente o número de linfonodos ressecados (grupo A: 12,3 e grupo B: 26,5) e o tempo operatório (grupo A: 421 e grupo B: 474) foram significativamente diferentes. Não ocorreram diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos dois grupos com relação a morbi-mortalidade operatória e tempo de internação. A sobrevida livre de doença (grupo A: 35 meses e grupo B: 51 meses) e sobrevida global (grupo A: 38 meses e grupo B: 53 meses) foi maior no grupo da linfadenectomia radical, porém não foram significantes estatisticamente. CONCLUSÃO: no presente estudo não ocorreram casos de linfonodos metastáticos para outros grupos nodais sem o acometimento linfonodal das cadeias pancreato-duodenais (13 e 17), sugerindo um padrão de disseminação linfonodal. Apesar da linfadenectomia radical apresentar taxas de sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global maiores esses dados não foram significativos estatisticamente. Novos estudos devem ser realizados para avaliar o real papel da linfadenectomia radical no adenocarcinoma da papila duodenal.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing surgical pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) in standard and radical lymphadenectomy for adenocarcinoma of papilla, analyzing the prognostic factors related to overall and disease-free survival. METHODS: Were analyzed retrospectively from 1999 to 2007, in the Department of Abdominal and Pelvic Surgery (INCa-RJ), 50 cases of PD for adenocarcinoma of the duodenal papilla divided into two groups according to lymphadenectomy (group A: standard lymphadenectomy and group B: radical lymphadenectomy). RESULTS: The median age was similar in both groups, as well as the distribution between the sex. In the comparison between the lymphadenectomys only the number of lymph nodes resected (group A: 12.3 and group B: 26.5) and operative time (group A: 421 and group B: 474) were significantly different. There were no statistically significant differences in the two groups with respect to morbidity and mortality rate and length of hospitalization. The disease-free survival (group A: 35 months and group B: 51 months) and overall survival (group A: 38 months and group B: 53 months) was higher in the group of radical lymphadenectomy, but were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In this study there were no cases of metastatic lymph nodes to other groups without nodal involvement of the pancreatic-duodenal lymph node chains (13, 17), suggesting a pattern of lymph node spread. Despite the radical lymphadenectomy present rates of disease-free survival and overall survival largest such data were not statistically significant. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the real role of radical lymphadenectomy in adenocarcinoma of the duodenal papilla.

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BACKGROUND: An underlying major aim of bariatric surgery is weight loss and its long-term maintenance. In spite of this, most studies regarding weight loss after surgical treatment of morbid obesity show 3-year follow-up results. We evaluated the effectiveness of silastic ring Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (SR-RYGBP) in promoting significant weight loss after an 8-year follow-up at the Londrina State University Hospital. METHODS: From May 1999 to December 2000, 211 morbidly obese patients were submitted to SR-RYGBP by the same surgical team. The study's design was longitudinal, prospective, and descriptive. The analysis of postoperative weight decrease was based on excess weight loss in percentage (%EWL) and the calculation of body mass index. Therapeutic failure was considered when patients lost <50% of excess weight. RESULTS: Patients lost to follow-up were 36.5%; therefore, 134 patients were included in this study. The average global EWL was 67.6 ± 14.9% on the first postoperative year, 72.6 ± 14.9% on the second year, 69.7 ± 15.1% on the fifth postoperative year, and 66.8 ± 7.6% on the eight postoperative year. Surgical treatment failure occurred in 15 patients (7.1%) over 8 years. CONCLUSIONS: SR-RYGBP was effective in promoting and maintaining weight loss in the long term with a low failure rate.

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