RESUMO
Background Epidemiological studies in systemic lupus erythematosus have been reported in the literature in many countries and ethnic groups. Although systemic lupus erythematosus in Jamaica has been described in the past, there has not been a detailed evaluation of systemic lupus erythematosus patients in urban Jamaica, a largely Afro-Caribbean population. The goal of this study was to describe the clinical features, particularly disease activity, damage index and immunological features, of 150 systemic lupus erythematosus subjects. Methods 150 adult patients (≥18 years) followed in rheumatology clinic at a tertiary rheumatology hospital centre (one of two of the major public referral centres in Jamaica) and the private rheumatology offices in urban Jamaica who fulfilled Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria were included. Data were collected by detailed clinical interview and examination and laboratory investigations. Hence demographics, SLICC criteria, immunological profile, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and SLICC/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) damage index (SDI) were documented. Results Of the 150 patients, 145 (96.7%) were female and five (3.3%) were male. The mean age at systemic lupus erythematosus onset was 33.2 ± 10.9. Mean disease duration was 11.3 ± 8.6 years. The most prevalent clinical SLICC criteria were musculoskeletal, with 141 (94%) of subjects experiencing arthralgia/arthritis, followed by mucocutaneous manifestations of alopecia 103 (68.7%) and malar rash 46 (30.7%), discoid rash 45 (30%) and photosensitivity 40 (26.7%). Lupus nephritis (biopsy proven) occurred in 42 (28%) subjects and 25 (16.7%) met SLICC diagnostic criteria with only positive antinuclear antibodies/dsDNA antibodies and lupus nephritis on renal biopsy. The most common laboratory SLICC criteria were positive antinuclear antibodies 136 (90.7%) followed by anti-dsDNA antibodies 95 (63.3%) and low complement (C3) levels 38 (25.3%). Twenty-seven (18%) met SLICC diagnostic criteria with only positive antinuclear antibodies/anti-dsDNA antibodies and lupus nephritis on renal biopsy. Mean SLEDAI score was 6.9 ± 5.1 with a range of 0-32. Organ damage occurred in 129 (86%) patients; mean SDI was 2.4 ± 1.8, with a range of 0-9. Conclusion These results are similar to the clinical manifestations reported in other Afro-Caribbean populations; however, distinct differences exist with respect to organ involvement and damage, particularly with respect to renal involvement, which appears to be reduced in our participants.
Assuntos
Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Antinucleares/sangue , DNA/imunologia , Feminino , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by multisystem microvascular inflammation with the generation of autoantibodies. There are reports on demographic data and clinical manifestation of lupus in the United States of America and some other developed countries. There is a single study that has reported on the clinical and immunological features of SLE patients in Jamaica and another that reported that the prevalence of SLE in Jamaica was 5-17/100,000 in 1979. METHOD: A Jamaican lupus registry was established in 2008 at the Department of Medicine, The University of the West Indies. Data were collected using patient records and interview of patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology revised diagnostic criteria for SLE. Information on demographics, presence of diagnostic criteria for SLE, presence of complications and other clinical parameters were collected. RESULTS: There were a total of 107 patients that met the criteria for diagnosis of SLE at the referral centre, 96.3% of them female. Positive ANA (90.7%), arthritis (70.0%), malar rash (53.5%) and a positive dsDNA (40.1%) were the more frequent manifestations and diagnostic indices of the disease. Up to 41.7% of the SLE population suffered some form of complication. CONCLUSIONS: The initiation of a lupus registry has allowed for reporting ofpreliminary demographic, clinical and serological data and identifying of disease burden.
Assuntos
Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros , Feminino , Humanos , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/diagnóstico , Masculino , PrevalênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by multisystem microvascular inflammation with the generation of autoantibodies. There are reports on demographic data and clinical manifestation of lupus in the United States of America and some other developed countries. There is a single study that has reported on the clinical and immunological features of SLE patients in Jamaica and another that reported that the prevalence of SLE in Jamaica was 5-17/100 000 in 1979. METHOD: A Jamaican lupus registry was established in 2008 at the Department of Medicine, The University of the West Indies. Data were collected using patient records and interview of patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology revised diagnostic criteria for SLE. Information on demographics, presence of diagnostic criteria for SLE, presence of complications and other clinical parameters were collected. RESULTS: There were a total of 107 patients that met the criteria for diagnosis of SLE at the referral centre, 96.3% of them female. Positive ANA (90.7%), arthritis (70.0%), malar rash (53.5%) and a positive dsDNA (40.1%) were the more frequent manifestations and diagnostic indices of the disease. Up to 41.7% of the SLE population suffered some form of complication. CONCLUSIONS: The initiation of a lupus registry has allowed for reporting ofpreliminary demographic, clinical and serological data and identifying of disease burden.
ANTECEDENTES: El lupus sistémico eritematoso (LSE) es un trastorno autoimmune caracterizado por una inflamación microvascular multisistémica con generación de anticuerpos. Hay informes sobre datos demográficos y manifestaciones clínicas de lupus en los Estados Unidos de América y algunos otros países desarrollados. Solamente existen un estudio que ha reportado las características clínicas e inmunológicas de pacientes de LES en Jamaica, y otro que reportó la prevalencia del LES en Jamaica como de 5-17/100 000 en 1979 - un cálculo que ciertamente se quedapor debajo. MÉTODO: En el ano 2008, se estableció un registro jamaicano de lupus. Se recopilaron datos del Departamento de Medicina de la Universidad de West Indies, usando historias clínicas de pacientes del hospital universitario HUWI, y entrevistas de pacientes que cumplían con los criterios diagnósticos de LES revisados del Colegio Americano de Reumatología. Asimismo se recopiló información sobre datos demográficos, presencia de criterios diagnósticos de LES, presencia de complicaciones y otros parámetros clínicos. RESULTADOS: Hubo un total de 107pacientes que satisfacían los criterios para un diagnóstico de LES en el centro de remisión, 96.3% de ellos mujeres. La prueba ANA positiva (90.7%), artritis (70.0%), salpullido malar (53.5%) y resultado positivo en la prueba de ADN de doble cadena (40.1%) fueron las más frecuentes manifestaciones e índices de diagnóstico de la enfermedad. Hasta un 41.7% de la población de LES sufrió alguna forma de complicación. CONCLUSIONES: La iniciación de un registro de lupus ha permitido realizar informes de datos demográficos, determinar característicos preliminares, e identificar el peso de la enfermedad en la población de Jamaica.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/diagnóstico , PrevalênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of underlying bleeding disorders in adolescents with menorrhagia. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all girls, aged 10 to 19 years, who presented to our children's hospital for inpatient or outpatient evaluation of menorrhagia between January 1990 and November 1998. RESULTS: At presentation, 9 of the 71 girls (13%) had thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150,000/microL; range, 5000-106,000/microL). The most common causes for thrombocytopenia were immune thrombocytopenic purpura (n = 5) and myelosuppression caused by chemotherapy (n = 2). Of 14 girls who underwent a more detailed hemostatic evaluation, 8 were given a diagnosis of a hereditary coagulation disorder: 6 had platelet function defects and 2 had type 1 von Willebrand disease. Excessive menstrual bleeding commonly results in anemia. One half of the total group had anemia (hemoglobin <12.0 g/dL). Seven girls (10%) had potentially life-threatening anemia (hemoglobin <5.0 g/dL). CONCLUSIONS: Acquired and congenital bleeding disorders are common causes of menorrhagia in adolescent girls. Severe anemia is a frequent complication of menorrhagia. We recommend that adolescents without thrombocytopenia who present with menorrhagia receive a comprehensive hemostatic evaluation, including testing for von Willebrand disease and platelet function defects.
Assuntos
Hemorragia/complicações , Menorragia/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia Hipocrômica/complicações , Transtornos Plaquetários/complicações , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Trombocitopenia/complicações , Doenças de von Willebrand/complicaçõesRESUMO
A novel water quality intervention that consists of point-of-use water disinfection, safe storage and community education was field tested in Bolivia. A total of 127 households in two periurban communities were randomized into intervention and control groups, surveyed and the intervention was distributed. Monthly water quality testing and weekly diarrhoea surveillance were conducted. Over a 5-month period, intervention households had 44% fewer diarrhoea episodes than control households (P = 0.002). Infants < 1 year old (P = 0.05) and children 5-14 years old (P = 0.01) in intervention households had significantly less diarrhoea than control children. Campylobacter was less commonly isolated from intervention than control patients (P = 0.02). Stored water in intervention households was less contaminated with Escherichia coli than stored water in control households (P < 0.0001). Intervention households exhibited less E. coli contamination of stored water and less diarrhoea than control households. This promising new strategy may have broad applicability for waterborne disease prevention.