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INTRODUCTION: Appropriate size of resection margins in acral melanoma is not clearly established. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether narrow-margin excision is appropriate for thick acral melanoma. METHODS: Three-hundred and six patients with acral melanoma were examined. Factors associated with recurrence and survival were analyzed according to surgical margin size (1 to 2 cm and > 2 cm). RESULTS: Out of 306 patients, 183 were women (59.8%). Median Breslow thickness was 6 mm; 224 cases (73.2%) were ulcerated, 154 patients (50.3%) had clinical stage III disease, while 137 were at stage II (44.8%) and 15 at stage IV (4.9%). All cases had negative margins, with a median of 31.5 mm. A Breslow thickness of 7 mm (p = 0.001) and clinical stage III (p = 0.031) were associated with recurrence; the factors associated with survival were Breslow index (p = 0.047), ulceration (p = 0.003), advanced clinical stage (p < 0.001), and use of adjuvant therapy (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: A resection margin of 1 to 2 cm did not affect tumor recurrence or survival in patients with acral melanoma.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La extensión apropiada de los márgenes de resección en el melanoma acral no está claramente establecida. OBJETIVO: Investigar si la escisión con margen estrecho es adecuada en el melanoma acral grueso. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 306 pacientes con melanoma acral. Conforme a la extensión del margen quirúrgico (de 1 a 2 cm y > 2 cm), se analizaron los factores asociados a la recurrencia y la supervivencia. RESULTADOS: De 306 pacientes, 183 fueron mujeres (59.8 %). La mediana del grosor de Breslow fue 6 mm; 224 casos (73.2 %) fueron de tipo ulcerados, 154 pacientes (50.3 %) tenían enfermedad en estadio clínico III, 137 en II (44.8 %) y 15 en IV (4.9 %). Todos los casos presentaron margen negativo, con una mediana de 31.5 mm. Un grosor de Breslow de 7 mm (p = 0.001) y la etapa clínica III (p = 0.031) se asociaron a recurrencia; los factores asociados a la supervivencia fueron el índice de Breslow (p = 0.047), la ulceración (p = 0.003), la etapa clínica avanzada (p < 0.001) y el uso de adyuvancia (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIÓN: Un margen de resección de 1 a 2 cm no afectó la recurrencia tumoral ni la supervivencia en los pacientes con melanoma acral.
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Melanoma , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Margens de Excisão , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Melanoma/patologia , Terapia Combinada , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Melanoma Maligno CutâneoRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: La extensión apropiada de los márgenes de resección en el melanoma acral no está claramente establecida. Objetivo: Investigar si la escisión con margen estrecho es adecuada en el melanoma acral grueso. Métodos: Se estudiaron 306 pacientes con melanoma acral. Conforme a la extensión del margen quirúrgico (de 1 a 2 cm y > 2 cm), se analizaron los factores asociados a la recurrencia y la supervivencia. Resultados: De 306 pacientes, 183 fueron mujeres (59.8 %). La mediana del grosor de Breslow fue 6 mm; 224 casos (73.2 %) fueron de tipo ulcerados, 154 pacientes (50.3 %) tenían enfermedad en estadio clínico III, 137 en II (44.8 %) y 15 en IV (4.9 %). Todos los casos presentaron margen negativo, con una mediana de 31.5 mm. Un grosor de Breslow de 7 mm (p = 0.001) y la etapa clínica III (p = 0.031) se asociaron a recurrencia; los factores asociados a la supervivencia fueron el índice de Breslow (p = 0.047), la ulceración (p = 0.003), la etapa clínica avanzada (p < 0.001) y el uso de adyuvancia (p = 0.003). Conclusión: Un margen de resección de 1 a 2 cm no afectó la recurrencia tumoral ni la supervivencia en los pacientes con melanoma acral.
Abstract Introduction: Appropriate size of resection margins in acral melanoma is not clearly established. Objective: To investigate whether narrow-margin excision is appropriate for thick acral melanoma. Methods: Three-hundred and six patients with acral melanoma were examined. Factors associated with recurrence and survival were analyzed according to surgical margin size (1 to 2 cm and > 2 cm). Results: Out of 306 patients, 183 were women (59.8%). Median Breslow thickness was 6 mm; 224 cases (73.2%) were ulcerated, 154 patients (50.3%) had clinical stage III disease, while 137 were at stage II (44.8%) and 15 at stage IV (4.9%). All cases had negative margins, with a median of 31.5 mm. A Breslow thickness of 7 mm (p = 0.001) and clinical stage III (p = 0.031) were associated with recurrence; the factors associated with survival were Breslow index (p = 0.047), ulceration (p = 0.003), advanced clinical stage (p < 0.001), and use of adjuvant therapy (p = 0.003). Conclusion: A resection margin of 1 to 2 cm did not affect tumor recurrence or survival in patients with acral melanoma.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of including calving age (CA) on genetic evaluation models for Holstein cattle. The evaluated models included the permanent environment, the sire-herd interactions, and the animals and residual effects as random. The fixed effects included the average production of milk, fat, and protein and the herd-year-season effect. The analyzed data included 603,521 records of milk production (in kg) corresponding to 438,098 animals from 527 herds. Additionally, there were 179,122 records of fat and protein components, corresponding to 148,930 animals from 137 herds. The records were classified by first lactation only (FL) and all available lactations (AL) for validation test (VT). The FL records corresponded to 275,487 milk production records with a mean of 10,874.1 ± 2773.9 kg at a mean CA of 25.6 ± 4.2 months. For FL, the milk components consisted of 78,955 records with a mean fat production of 392.86 ± 89.9 kg, a mean protein production of 362.8 ± 74.9 kg and a mean CA of 25.2 ± 4.1 months. For AL, the number of records was 603,521 for milk production with a mean of 10,802.8 ± 2905.9 kg and a mean CA of 35.6 ± 11.5 months. For the milk components, there were 179,122 records with a mean of 36.1 ± 9.5 months for CA and 388.3 ± 98.4 kg and 356.7 ± 82.6 kg for fat and protein, respectively. Three models were compared: the base model (M0) described above, and two alternative models that included CA in a linear and quadratic form (M1 and M2, respectively). Estimations of the variance components (VC) and breeding value (BV) were obtained using a repeatability animal model, with the same phenotypic and pedigree information used for all models. To select the best fit model for the data, a likelihood ratio test (LRtest) was used. A validation test (VT) was also applied to each model to evaluate the consistency of the genetic trends for females with information on AL and FL. The inclusion of CA in its linear form (M1) was the model that achieved the best results in the LRtest and an acceptable value for the VT. These results show that CA improves the model fit for BV prediction and reliability.
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Bovinos/fisiologia , Lactação/genética , Leite/metabolismo , Reprodução , Fatores Etários , Animais , Bovinos/genética , Feminino , México , Modelos Teóricos , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) (2013) define entre las causas de pérdida auditiva, la exposición a ruido. Una fuente de este ruido son los reproductores personales de música, cuyo uso representa una conducta de riesgo emergente. Es así como, existen estudios que registran daño auditivo inducido por ruido en los usuarios de reproductores personales en comparación con los no usuarios. Objetivo: Investigar la relación entre hábitos auditivos recreacionales y el rendimiento audiométrico en la frecuencia 6.000 Hz en jóvenes universitarios. Material y método: Se evaluaron 50 sujetos entre 18 y 26 años sin antecedentes otológicos. Se aplicó el Cuestionario CHAR y se realizó una audiometría tonal por vía aérea de 125 Hz a 8.000 Hz. Resultados: El análisis audiométrico, determinó la existencia de escotoma en el umbral auditivo de la frecuencia 6.000 Hz en 52% de los sujetos evaluados. Además se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos con umbral bajo y sobre 20 dB en dicha frecuencia, relacionado con los años de exposición y volumen de uso del dispositivo. Conclusión: La exposición a ruido recreacional puede producir daño auditivo a temprana edad, generando la necesidad de planes para prevenir el daño prematuro de la audición en jóvenes.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Noise exposure is one of most common causes of hearing loss according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The use of personal music players is one of the sources of this harmful noise, which has been demonstrated to constitute a risky habit. Previous studies have found hearing loss produced by noise in users of music players compared to subjects who do not used them. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between recreational hearing habits and hearing performance at 6000 Hz frequency in university students. Material and method: Fifty subjects (age range of 18-26 years), without history of otologic disorders were assessed. The CHAR questionnaire and an air conduction pure tone audiometry (125 Hz-8000 Hz) were administered to each participant. Results: Findings from pure tone audiometry demonstrated the presence of hearing scotoma at 6000 Hz frequency in fifty-two percent of subjects. Moreover, statistically significant differences were found when comparing subjects with normal threshold and subjects with threshold greater than 20 dB at 6000 Hz. This was related to years and intensity of noise exposure. Conclusion: Recreational noise exposure may cause hearing loss in early stages of lifespan. Prevention strategies to avoid early hearing loss in young subjects are required.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Recreação , Audiometria/métodos , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/epidemiologia , Música , Ruído/efeitos adversos , Limiar Auditivo , Estudantes , Testes de Impedância Acústica , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Risco , MP3-Player , HábitosRESUMO
Introduction: duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern, characterized by progressive muscle weakness, affecting axial muscles in the first place, and then the rest of the bodys muscles. In our country there is no record of the progressive behavior of the disease in children with DMD. Objective: to describe the progression of motor function disorders per age group in DMD patients. Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with 26 patients diagnosed with DMD, classified in 4 groups according to the evolution of the disease, using Motor Function Measure (MFM), Brooke and Vignos scales in Instituto teletón in Santiago between April and october 2013. Results: Median values and interquartile range (IQR) according to total MFM percentages by group were: Group 1 (3-5 years): 88.3 (5.8); Group 2 (6-9 years): 76.0 (20.8); Group 3 (10-14 years): 36.4 (8.3), and Group 4 (≥ 15 years): 31.2 (15.1). According to Vignos scale, G1 reached level 2; G2 reached level 3 and G3 and G4, level 9. According to Brooke scale, G1 and G2 reached level 1 and G3 and G4, level 5. Conclusion: MFM allowed an objective assessment of motor function progression in DMD per age group; dimension 1 shows the progression of the disease at an early stage and dimension 3 is better preserved in later stages of the disease. these results could facilitate a multi and inter-disciplinary approach.
Introducción: la distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) es una enfermedad neuromuscular de carácter hereditario recesivo ligado al cromosoma X, caracterizada por debilidad muscular progresiva, afectando inicialmente a los músculos de cintura pélvica y escapular para luego abarcar todo el cuerpo. En nuestro país no se cuenta con un registro del comportamiento progresivo de la enfermedad en niños con DMD. Objetivo: Describir los cambios en la función motora según grupo etario en pacientes con DMD. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, en 26 pacientes, con diagnóstico confirmado de DMD, clasificados en 4 grupos según fase de evolución de la enfermedad, a quienes se aplicó las escalas Medición Evaluación Motora (MFM), Vignos y Brooke en el Instituto teletón Santiago entre abril y octubre de 2013. Resultados: Las medianas y rangos intercuartílicos, según porcentajes totales de MFM, por cada grupo fueron: Grupo 1 (3-5 años): 88,3 (5,8); Grupo 2 (6-9 años): 76,0 (20,8); Grupo 3 (10-14 años): 36,4 (8,3) y Grupo 4 (15 años y más): 31,2 (15,1). Según Escala de Vignos, G1 se situó en nivel 2; G2 en nivel 3 y G3 y G4 en nivel 9. En escala de Brooke, G1 y G2 se situaron en nivel 1 y G3 y G4 en nivel 5. Conclusión: La MFM permitió una evaluación objetiva de los cambios en la función motora de pacientes con DMD según grupos etarios; la Dimensión 1 informa tempranamente la progresión y la Dimensión 3 se preserva mejor en estadios tardíos de la enfermedad, resultados que direccionan el abordaje multi e interdisciplinario.
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Humanos , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/fisiopatologia , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/reabilitação , Estudos Transversais , Avaliação da DeficiênciaRESUMO
Se conoce como Hashitoxicosis a la Tiroiditis de Hashimoto que coexiste conepisodios de hipertiroidismo; se debe a la liberación excesiva de hormonatiroidea en un paciente con diagnóstico previo de enfermedad de Hashimoto.Puede ser más común de lo que se pensaba, debido al aparente aumento depacientes con Tiroiditis de Hashimoto y/o avances en su diagnóstico.Se presenta el caso de un paciente femenino de 12 años de edad, que porhallazgos clínicos se le diagnostica un hipertiroidismo por enfermedad deGraves Basedow. Sin embargo, los estudios iniciales y la evolución posterior de la paciente, orientan el diagnóstico hacia una etiología diferente...
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Humanos , Hipertireoidismo , Hipotireoidismo CongênitoRESUMO
RATIONALE: Because the characteristics of all body fluids depends on patient's health status, is it possible that disadvantaged and socially vulnerable mothers may have lower amounts of iron in their breast milk, and that their babies receive lower content of the mineral for their normal growth and development. Assuring a preventive treatment of the mother might solve this problem. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate breast milk iron content from disadvantaged mothers and impact of personalized iron supplementation program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: cross-sectional study. Breast milk samples were obtained for ferritin analysis. Health's services usually provides free folic acid and iron treatment however, treatment compliance is low. Patients were random in two groups: "A: Controls" that had free iron tablets available from Health Centre; and "B: Intervention" group where patients accepted to be periodically contacted at home by health's team for personalized iron dispensation. RESULTS: 360 patients were included. Profilaxis and treatment compliance were 100% and 97,6% for B group while for "Control" one was 63% and 34%(p0.0001). Higher breast milk iron levels were detected in Intervention's mothers compared with control's patients (p0.007). CONCLUSION: Personalized iron prophylaxis and treatment increased breast milk iron levels. Public health policy must ensure iron dispensation for each underserved mother in order to reduce children problems associate to iron deficiency during the first year of their life.
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Anemia Ferropriva/prevenção & controle , Ferritinas/análise , Ferro da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Leite Humano/química , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Suplementos Nutricionais , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A pig model with a deep large burn was used to study the regeneration process induced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and acellular pig dermal matrices, made intelligent by the combination with biodegradable nanofibers loaded with growth factors (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and epidermal growth factor) and coated with the anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody (intelligent acellular dermal matrices, IADMs). These IADMs are specially designed to integrate in the wound bed as new biological scaffolds as well as to specifically recruit and attach circulating and/or externally applied MSCs through the anti-CD44 antibody while delivering precise amounts of growth factors. In this way, the reparative process as well as the aesthetic and functional results were enhanced in our burn model. The animal survived, the wound was completely closed, and total regeneration of the skin was obtained without much scarring. Surprisingly, hair follicles and other skin appendages developed despite the severity and deepness of the burn. Even burned muscles and ribs seemed to have undergone a regenerative process by the end of the study. Based on these findings, we have proposed the use of IADMs and autologous, allogeneic or xenogeneic MSCs, as a new paradigm for the future treatment of large burns and probably other dermatological and cosmetic human conditions.
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Queimaduras/cirurgia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/patologia , Regeneração , Pele/patologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Animais , SuínosRESUMO
We describe a novel technology based on nanoengineered multifunctional acellular biologic scaffolds combined with wound dressings and films of the same kind. This method allows selective delivery and release of shielded biomaterials and bioactive substances to a desired wound or damaged tissue while stimulating the selective anchoring and adhesion of endogenous circulating repairing cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells, to obtain a faster and more physiologic healing process. We also present a new controlled enzymatic debridement process for more effective burned tissue scarolysis. In light of our preliminary in vitro and in vivo data, we are convinced that these approaches can include the use of other kinds of adult stem cells, such as endometrial regenerative cells, to improve the vascularization of the constructs, with great potential in the entire tissue and organ regeneration field but especially for the treatment of severely burned patients, changing the way these lesions may be treated in the future.
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Queimaduras/cirurgia , Desbridamento/métodos , Transplante de Células-Tronco/métodos , Adulto , Animais , Bandagens , Células Sanguíneas/citologia , Vasos Sanguíneos/fisiologia , Queimaduras/patologia , Cadáver , Carica , Cicatriz/prevenção & controle , Derme/patologia , Células Epiteliais/transplante , Humanos , Doadores Vivos , Menstruação/fisiologia , Regeneração , Suínos , Doadores de Tecidos , Transplante Autólogo , Transplante Heterólogo/métodosRESUMO
Resumen. Las reacciones alérgicas a las vacunas contra agentes infecciosos han generado preocupación entre los pediatras. Sin embargo, se desconoce el grado de información que tienen estos especialistas de nuestro país sobre este tema. Objetivo. Contar con datos estadísticos acerca de este problema. Población. Trescientos veinte pediatras encuestados. Método. Estudio multicéntrico descriptivo prospectivo de corte transversal realizado con encuestas estandarizadas Resultados. El 12,5% de los encuestados reconoció la presencia de síntomas de aparición rápida como reacción de hipersensibilidad inmediata. (61,6%) consideró a estas reacciones como infrecuentes. El 72,6% reconoció a la neomicina como causa de alergia, el 51,6 % al timerosal, el 73% a los conservantes, un 30,4% a la gelatina y la mitad de los encuestados al componente activo. El 62,3% reconoció a la proteína del huevo como componente de la vacuna MMR. Ante antecedentes de alergia al huevo, el 35% de los médicos contestó que contraindica siempre las vacunas que contienen proteína del huevo, el 14% no las contraindica nunca y el 9% no sabe. Los médicos de menos de 5 años de recibidos reconocieron con mayor frecuencia la presencia de una reacción alérgica a vacunas (p = 0,004). Los médicos de más de 10 años de recibidos solicitan más frecuentemente interconsulta con el especialista ante casos de vacunación de pacientes con alergia a la proteína del huevo (p = 0,01). Conclusiones. Existe un grado importante de desconocimiento acerca de las reacciones alérgicas a vacunas, los componentes de las vacunas involucrados en dichas reacciones y las conductas a tomar frente a pacientes con alergia al huevo.(AU)
Background: Allergic reactions to infectious disease vaccines have generated concern among pediatricians. It is unknown the level of pediatrician's knowledge about this issue. The aim of this study is to obtain statistical data about this issue in our country. Population: 320 pediatricians. Methods: A transversal prospective descriptive multicenter study by means of a survey. Results: 12.5% of participants were capable to identify symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and 61.6% considered that these reactions are not frequent. The pediatricians pointed out as the most commonly allergen components the following ones: Neomicine (72.6%), thymerosal (51.6 %), preservatives (73%), gelatin (30.4%) and active component (nearly 50%). 62.3% knew that eggs proteins are part of MMR vaccine. In the case of patient with history of egg allergy, 35% answered that they always contraindicate vaccination with egg protein vaccines while14% do not contraindicate and 9% do not know what to do. Physicians less than 5 years of graduation recognized more frequently the presence of allergic reactions (p: 0.004). Physicians with 10 or more years of graduation asked for specialist opinion more frequently in the case of patients with egg allergy (p: 0.01). Conclusions: It was found an important lack of information about allergic vaccine reactions, the involved vaccine constituents and the correct management of situations related to egg allergy.(AU)