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Songbirds are currently the most prevalent animals in illegal trafficking in Brazil and other countries, so they are often confiscated, and this poses legal, ethical, and conservation challenges. Returning them to nature requires complex and expensive management, a topic that is sparingly addressed in the literature. Here, we described the processes and costs associated with an attempt to rehabilitate and release confiscated songbirds into the wild. A total of 1,721 songbirds of several species were quarantined, rehabilitated, and released, primarily on two farms located within their typical geographical distribution. Health assessments were performed on samples from 370 birds. Serology revealed no antibodies against Newcastle disease, and Salmonella spp. cultures were negative. Real-time polymerase chain reactions detected M. gallisepticum in samples from seven birds. Atoxoplasma spp. and Acuaria spp. infections, sepsis, and trauma were the top causes of bird death. About 6% of the released birds were recaptured, within an average period of 249 days after release, and at a mean distance of 2,397 meters from the release sites. The majority of these birds were found with free-living mates within or close to fragments of transitional ecoregions with native or cultivated grasslands, and native groves/forests, and shrublands. However, eucalyptus plantations with rich understory regeneration provided a suitable environment for the released forest species to settle, since they were recaptured during the defense of these sites. Over half of the recaptured birds presented behavioral profiles with both dominant and tame traits. Birds with dominant traits are more likely to settle in habitats and face the live decoys during fieldwork, whereas birds with tame characteristics tend to accept close contact with humans. Ultramarine grosbeak (Cyanoloxia brissonii), the least common species among those released, at the release sites showed an almost 2-fold recapture rate in the shortest mean distances from the release sites. This suggests less territory competition, perhaps a major factor of bird re-establishment here. The total per-bird cost was USD 57. Our findings suggested suitable survival and re-establishment of confiscated songbirds in the wild, when managed as we describe.

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The forthcoming letter will encompass the following highlights: Crack cocaine use involves smoking a highly addictive form of cocaine, which is a significant concern in Brazil, particularly in urban areas. This addiction is linked to various health problems, including cardiovascular issues, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like AIDS and syphilis, tuberculosis, and a notable increase in mortality, largely due to violent causes. Furthermore, crack cocaine users are particularly vulnerable to dental caries, gingival inflammation, oral mucosa lesions, and xerostomia (AU)

A próxima carta incluirá os seguintes destaques: O uso de crack envolve fumar uma forma altamente viciante da cocaína, o que é uma preocupação significativa no Brasil, especialmente em áreas urbanas. Esta dependência está ligada a vários problemas de saúde, incluindo problemas cardiovasculares, infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST), como a AIDS e a sífilis, a tuberculose e um aumento notável da mortalidade, devido, em grande parte, a causas violentas. Além disso, os usuários de crack são particularmente vulneráveis a cáries dentárias, inflamação gengival, lesões na mucosa oral e xerostomia (AU)

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OBJECTIVE: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is growing significantly worldwide, especially among young people. This product has been associated with renormalizing smoking and hindering quit attempts in smokers. Moreover, among nonsmokers, it can lead to subsequent cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence. The present study aimed to assess the epidemiological profile of e-cigarette users worldwide. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review was performed using 3 main electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE). Studies were independently assessed by 2 reviewers based on established eligibility criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the MAStARI critical appraisal instrument. RESULTS: From 4,496 records, 43 were included. Among the 1,238,392 participants, 132,786 (10.72%) were e-cigarette users. The age range with the highest percentage of e-cigarette users was 18-24 years old, with 40,989 (30.86%) males, 34,875 (26.26%) females, and 33.6% being current cigarette smokers. The highest prevalence of users was 52.88% in Croatia and 49.62% in New Zealand. Other possible correlations were observed with e-cigarette use, such as a high level of education. CONCLUSION: Overall, e-cigarette users tended to be male young adults with a higher level of education. The highest prevalence of use was found in Croatia. This systematic review provides valuable information to improve the development of appropriate intervention strategies targeting e-cigarette users for more accurate anti-smoking actions.

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ABSTRACT Research on the genetics, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of Fabry disease (FD) has increased significantly in recent years. However, some relevant clinical questions still need to be answered to develop better approaches to patient management. This review focuses on answering specific questions raised by Brazilian experts based on their experience in diagnosing and managing patients with FD. The questions are as follows: What is the role of globotriaosylsphingosine in diagnosis? How does one proceed with the diagnosis if there is a variant of unknown significance? What are the earliest and most reliable markers of renal, cardiac, and neurological impairment? What is the prevalence of FD in patients with cryptogenic stroke? What is the average delay in diagnosis in patients with FD? Based on these questions, our objective was to highlight epidemiological, diagnostic, and clinical aspects relating to the literature in the FD field.

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The Cuvier's beaked whale (CBW; Ziphius cavirostris) is a cosmopolitan marine mammal found in deep tropical and temperate waters of all oceans. CBW strandings have been recorded sporadically in Brazil; however, there is lack of information available regarding their causes of stranding and/or death. Herein, we report the epidemiologic, pathologic, morphologic parasitologic features and molecular identification of arterial and renal crassicaudiasis by Crassicauda sp. in three geographically and chronologically distant CBW stranded off Brazil. CBW-1 was an adult male stranded dead in Rio Grande do Sul State. CBW-2 was an adult female that stranded alive in Sergipe State and died shortly after. CBW-3 was and adult male that stranded dead in Santa Catarina State. The most relevant pathologic findings in these three CBW were severe, chronic proliferative mesenteric and caudal aortic endarteritis and chronic granulomatous and fibrosing interstitial nephritis with renicular atrophy and loss, and numerous intralesional Crassicauda sp. nematodes. Furthermore, CBW-1 had concomitant gram-negative bacterial pneumonia and pulmonary and hepatic thromboembolism. Morphologic analysis of renal adult nematodes identified Crassicauda sp. in the three CBW. Molecular analyses targeting the 18S and ITS-2 ribosomal loci of renal nematodes in CBW-2 and CBW-3 identified C. anthonyi. It is believed that severe arterial and renal crassicaudiasis likely resulted or contributed significantly to morbidity and death of these animals. These results expand the known geographical range of occurrence of crassicaudiasis in CBW. Specifically, the present study provides the first accounts of arterial and renal crassicaudiasis in CBW off the southern hemisphere, specifically in CBW off Brazil, and to the authors' knowledge, it is the first record of C. anthonyi in the southern Atlantic Ocean.

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A pandemia do novo coronavírus se apresenta como um dos maiores desafios sanitários do século 21. O primeiro caso confirmado no Brasil foi registrado no dia 25 de fevereiro de 2020, em São Paulo, e na Bahia, em 6 de março de 2020. Em função da Emergência de Saúde Pública de Importância Internacional (ESPII), a Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia (Sesab) desenvolveu o Projeto de Operação Especial de Vigilância Sanitária, em articulação com a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), em um período de 90 dias. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever as ações de controle e mitigação da epidemia de Covid-19 no estado da Bahia, mediante a realização de barreiras sanitárias nos principais aeroportos, rodoviárias e nas rodovias intermunicipais de maior fluxo de veículos, com desenvolvimento de atividades de educação e comunicação em saúde para viajantes e trabalhadores. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com uso da técnica da observação participante, cujas atividades foram centradas na avaliação do risco sanitário, visando o controle e a mitigação da epidemia de Covid-19 no estado da Bahia. As barreiras sanitárias nos principais pontos de entrada do estado contribuíram para detecção e notificação de casos suspeitos para Covid-19, bem como para refrear a introdução e disseminação do vírus SARS-CoV-2 em determinados territórios. Considera-se as barreiras sanitárias uma estratégia relevante, visto que podem contribuir na implementação de ações de vigilância relacionadas às pessoas em trânsito (viajantes e trabalhadores), de modo a minimizar e/ou reduzir o avanço da epidemia em sua fase inicial no território baiano.

The pandemic of the new coronavirus is one of the greatest health challenges of the 21st century. The first confirmed case in Brazil occurred on February 25, 2020 in the municipality of São Paulo and on March 6, 2020 in the state of Bahia. Due to the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), the Health Department of the State of Bahia (Sesab) developed the Special Health Surveillance Operation Project, in conjunction with the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Anvisa), for 90 days. This study aims to describe the actions to control and mitigate the Covid-19 epidemic in the state of Bahia, by the implementation of sanitary barriers in the main airports, highways and intercity highways with the highest flow of vehicles, with the development of education and training activities. health communication for travelers and workers. This is a descriptive study, using the technique of participant observation, whose activities were centered on the assessment of health risk, aiming at the control and mitigation of the Covid-19 epidemic in the state of Bahia. Sanitary barriers at the main points of entry of the state contributed to the detection and notification of suspected cases for Covid-19, and to curb the introduction and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in certain territories. Sanitary barriers are considered a relevant strategy, since they can contribute to the implementation of surveillance actions related to people in transit (travelers and workers), to minimize and/or reduce the spread of the epidemic in Bahia, in its phase initial.

La pandemia del nuevo coronavirus se presenta como uno de los mayores desafíos sanitarios del siglo XXI. El primer caso confirmado en Brasil ocurrió el 25 de febrero de 2020 en São Paulo y, en Bahía, el 6 de marzo de 2020. Debido a la Emergencia de Salud Pública de Importancia Internacional (ESPII), la Secretaría de Salud del Estado de Bahía (Sesab) desarrolló el Proyecto Operativo Especial de Vigilancia Sanitaria, en conjunto con la Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria (Anvisa), por un período de 90 días. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir las acciones para controlar y mitigar la epidemia del covid-19 en el estado de Bahía, por medio de la implementación de barreras sanitarias en los principales aeropuertos, carreteras y carreteras interurbanas con mayor flujo de vehículos en el estado, con el desarrollo de actividades formativas y de comunicación sanitaria para viajeros y trabajadores. Este es un estudio descriptivo, utilizando la técnica de observación participante, cuyas actividades se centraron en la evaluación de riesgos para la salud, con el objetivo de controlar y mitigar la epidemia del covid-19 en el estado de Bahía. Las barreras sanitarias en los principales puntos de entrada del estado contribuyeron a la detección y notificación de casos sospechosos del covid-19, así como a frenar la introducción y propagación del virus SARS-CoV-2 en ciertos territorios. Las barreras sanitarias se consideran una estrategia relevante, ya que pueden contribuir a la implementación de acciones de vigilancia relacionadas con las personas en tránsito (viajeros y trabajadores), con el fin de minimizar y/o reducir el avance de la epidemia en ese territorio, en su fase inicial.

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Hereditary sensory neuropathies (HSN) are a group of rare neurological disorders with heterogeneous clinical and genetic characteristics. Although at least 17 different genes have already been associated with HSN, the epidemiology of the disorder in Brazil is still unknown. Performing whole genome sequencing (WGS) in 23 unrelated Brazilian families diagnosed with HSN, we detected pathogenic variants in ATL3, SPTLC2, and SCN9A in 12 patients belonging to five unrelated families. Clinical features associated with heterozygous mutations in ATL3 (c.575A > G; p.(Tyr192Cys)) and SPTLC2 (c.529A > G; p.(Asn177Asp)) were sensory deficits, neuropathic pain, and recurrent ulcerations. Presenting as congenital insensitivity to pain, three unrelated probands carried biallelic loss-of-function mutations in SCN9A. The so far undescribed stop mutation c.2106G > A (p.(Trp702Ter)) and the likewise novel splicing variant c.3319-1G > A were found in compound-heterozygosity with, respectively, the known pathogenic variants c.2908G > T (p.Trp970Ter) and c.2690G > A (p.Glu897Ter). In total, we identified pathogenic mutations in 21.7% of our families, which suggests that most of the cases could be explained by yet to be discovered genes or unusual alleles. Our study represents the first mutational screen in a Brazilian HSN cohort, enabling additional insights for genotype-phenotype correlations, reducing misdiagnoses, and providing early treatment considerations.

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