RESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: Kt/V OnLine (Kt/VOL) avoids inaccuracies associated with the estimation of urea volume distribution (V). The study aimed to compare Kt/VOL, Kt/V Daugirdas II, and Kt/BSA according to sex and age. Methods: Urea volume distribution and body surface area were obtained by Watson and Haycock formulas in 47 patients. V/BSA was considered as a conversion factor from Kt/V to Kt/BSA. Dry weight was determined before the study. Kt/VOL was obtained on DIALOG machines. Results: Pearson correlation between Kt/VOL vs Kt/VII and Kt/VOL vs Kt/BSA was significant for males (r = 0.446, P = 0.012 and r = -0.476 P = 0.007) and individuals < 65 years (0.457, P = 0.019 and -0.549 P = 0.004), but not for females and individuals ≥ 65 years. V/BSA between individuals < 65 and individuals ≥ 65 years were 18.28 ± 0.15 and 18.18 ± 0.16 P = 0.000). No agreement between Kt/VII vs Kt/BSA. Men and individuals > 65 years received a larger dialysis dose than, respectively, females and individuals < 65 years, in the comparison between Kt/VOL versus Kt/VII. V/BSA ratios among men and women were respectively 18.29 ± 0.13 and 18.12 ± 0.15 P = 0.000. Conclusions: Kt/VOL allows recognition of real-time dose regardless of sex and age.
RESUMO Introdução: O Kt/V OnLine (Kt/VOL) evita imprecisões associadas à estimativa da distribuição do volume de uréia (V). O estudo teve como objetivo comparar Kt/VOL, Kt/V Daugirdas II e Kt/BSA de acordo com sexo e idade. Métodos: A distribuição do volume de uréia e área de superfície corporal foram obtidas pelas fórmulas de Watson e Haycock em 47 pacientes. V/BSA foi considerado um fator de conversão de Kt/V para Kt/BSA. O peso seco foi determinado antes do estudo. Kt/VOL foi obtido através de máquinas DIALOG. Resultados: A correlação de Pearson entre Kt/VOL vs Kt/VII e Kt/VOL vs Kt/BSA foi significativa para os homens (r = 0,446, P = 0,012 e r = -0,476 P = 0,007) e indivíduos < 65 anos (0,457, P = 0,019 e -0,549 P = 0,004), mas não para mulheres e indivíduos ≥ 65 anos. A V/BSA entre indivíduos <65 e indivíduos ≥ 65 anos foi 18,28 ± 0,15 e 18,18 ± 0,16 P = 0,000). Sem concordância entre Kt/VII vs Kt/BSA. Homens e indivíduos > 65 anos receberam maior dose de diálise do que, mulheres e indivíduos <65 anos, respectivamente, na comparação entre Kt/VOL versus Kt/VII. As razões V/BSA entre homens e mulheres foram, respectivamente, 18,29 ± 0,13 e 18,12 ± 0,15 P = 0,000. Conclusões: Kt/VOL permite o reconhecimento da dose em tempo real, independentemente do sexo e idade.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Soluções para Diálise , Diálise Renal , UreiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Kt/V OnLine (Kt/VOL) avoids inaccuracies associated with the estimation of urea volume distribution (V). The study aimed to compare Kt/VOL, Kt/V Daugirdas II, and Kt/BSA according to sex and age. METHODS: Urea volume distribution and body surface area were obtained by Watson and Haycock formulas in 47 patients. V/BSA was considered as a conversion factor from Kt/V to Kt/BSA. Dry weight was determined before the study. Kt/VOL was obtained on DIALOG machines. RESULTS: Pearson correlation between Kt/VOL vs Kt/VII and Kt/VOL vs Kt/BSA was significant for males (r = 0.446, P = 0.012 and r = -0.476 P = 0.007) and individuals < 65 years (0.457, P = 0.019 and -0.549 P = 0.004), but not for females and individuals ≥ 65 years. V/BSA between individuals < 65 and individuals ≥ 65 years were 18.28 ± 0.15 and 18.18 ± 0.16 P = 0.000). No agreement between Kt/VII vs Kt/BSA. Men and individuals > 65 years received a larger dialysis dose than, respectively, females and individuals < 65 years, in the comparison between Kt/VOL versus Kt/VII. V/BSA ratios among men and women were respectively 18.29 ± 0.13 and 18.12 ± 0.15 P = 0.000. CONCLUSIONS: Kt/VOL allows recognition of real-time dose regardless of sex and age.
Assuntos
Soluções para Diálise , Diálise Renal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , UreiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction is considered an early step of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), the main endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), plays a critical role in the process of atherosclerosis in a uremic environment. Increased plasma ADMA not only works as a cardiovascular morbidity biomarker but it is also involved in the genesis of atherosclerosis in renal disease. Considering the relationships of apolipoprotein E(ApoE) polymorphism with LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and coronary risk, it is possible that it brings on susceptibility to endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis seen on uremia. METHODS: Six hundred twenty patients were stratified according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKDEPI) formula: group I > 60 mL/min, group II ≤ 60 mL/min and > 15 mL/min, and group III ≤ 15 mL/min or in hemodialysis. Polymorphic ApoE analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction amplification (PCR). Plasma ADMA levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Groups were compared on clinical and laboratory characteristics as well as allele and genotype distribution towards. RESULTS: The ε2 allele of ApoE was present in 62 (10.3 %) patients, ε3 allele in 581 (96.2 %), and ε4 allele in 114 (18.9 %). Their distribution among the 3 groups was uniform. Such uniformity was not observed when we considered endothelial function measured by asymmetric dimethylarginine. In group III, the frequency of ε4 allele was significantly lower in the third tertile compared with the first tertile (14.7 versus 53.3 %, P = 0.000; Pearson chi-square). In groups I and II, there was no difference in allele frequency according to ADMA levels. This association remained significant even after confouding factors corrections (OR 0.329, 95 % CI 0.155 - 0.699, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study shows that the frequency of ε4 allele of ApoE is significantly lower among hypertensive patients on hemodialysis with the highest levels of ADMA. Uremia is capable of determining lower plasma ADMA levels in hypertensive ε4 allele carriers.
Assuntos
Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Arginina/análogos & derivados , Hipertensão/genética , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Testes de Função Renal , Rim/fisiopatologia , Polimorfismo Genético , Alelos , Arginina/metabolismo , Demografia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Grupos Raciais/genética , Terapia de Substituição RenalRESUMO
Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events and microvascular complications. Serum amyloid A (SAA), a HDL apolipoprotein is a risk marker for cardiovascular disease. A permanent increase in SAA plasma levels is observed in diabetics. Because SAA acts on leukocytes, we evaluated whether the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and migration of neutrophils and monocytes induced by SAA is affected in diabetics. Cells, isolated from human blood, were cultured in the presence of SAA. TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-8 and IL-1ra levels were measured by ELISA in the culture supernatants and in serum of subjects. Neutrophils and monocytes migration were followed in a chemotaxis chamber. We make the novel observation that neutrophils and monocytes of diabetics are more responsive to SAA for the induction of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta and the proangiogenic and chemotactic protein IL-8. Incremental TNF-alpha production was also found to occur when monocytes were stimulated with SAA. Cell migration was also increased. The increased production of cytokines and increased migration of leukocytes from diabetics in response to SAA may contribute to a sustained accumulation and activation of inflammatory cells in the disease. Accordingly, the hyper-responsiveness of leukocytes to SAA may be relevant to the proinflammatory conditions associated to vascular complications in diabetic patients.