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Essential oils (EOs) have been investigated for their effectiveness against fungal fruit pathogens. The present review article summarises the EOs that inhibit Alternaria alternata and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in the pre- and post-harvest stages of fruits. Thirty-nine scientific papers focusing on the extraction conditions and the antifungal activity of EOs were selected. The retrieved studies came mainly from China and Brazil. Hydrodistillation has been identified as the most used extractive method. The yields and chemical profiles were variable among the species. The in vitro studies were larger than the in vivo studies. The application of EOs reduced the incidence of fungal diseases in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), papaya (Carica papaya) and mango (Mangifera indica). EOs resulted as a potential ecological alternative for treating fungal diseases in fruits requiring further investigation.
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The marine kingdom is an important source of a huge variety of scaffolds inspiring the design of new drugs. The complex molecules found in the oceans present a great challenge to organic and medicinal chemists. However, the wide variety of biological activities they can display is worth the effort. In this article, we present an overview of different seaweeds as potential sources of bioactive pigments with activity against neurodegenerative diseases, especially due to their neuroprotective effects. Along with a broad introduction to seaweed as a source of bioactive pigments, this review is especially focused on astaxanthin and fucoxanthin as potential neuroprotective and/or anti-neurodegenerative agents. PubMed and SciFinder were used as the main sources to search and select the most relevant scientific articles within the field.
Assuntos
Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Alga Marinha , Xantofilas , Xantofilas/farmacologia , Xantofilas/química , Xantofilas/isolamento & purificação , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Alga Marinha/química , Humanos , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Pigmentos Biológicos/farmacologia , Pigmentos Biológicos/química , Pigmentos Biológicos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Fructose is a carbohydrate with essential applications in the food industry, mainly due to its high sweetness and low cost. The present investigation focused on optimising fructose production from commercial inulin using the enzymatic immobilisation method and applying the response surface methodology in a 12-run central composite design. The independent variables evaluated were the pH (-) and temperature (°C). The substrate consisted of a commercial inulin solution at a concentration of 1 g/L, while the catalyst consisted of the enzyme inulinase from Aspergillus niger (EC 232-802-3), immobilised in 2% m/v sodium alginate. A stirred vessel reactor was used for 90 min at 120 rpm, and quantification of reducing sugars was determined using DNS colorimetric and UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods at a 540 nm wavelength. After applying the response surface methodology, it was determined that the catalytic activity using the immobilisation method allows for a maximum total productivity of 16.4 mg/h under pH and temperature of 3.9 and 37 °C, respectively, with an efficiency of 96.4%. The immobilised enzymes' reusability and stability compared to free enzymes were evaluated, obtaining activity up to the fifth reuse cycle and showing significant advantages over the free catalyst.
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Alpha-phellandrene is a very common cyclic monoterpene found in several EOs, which shows extensive biological activities. Therefore, the main focus of the present systematic review was to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the state of the art regarding its biological activities and pharmaceutical and food applications. In addition, the study identified essential oils rich in alpha-phellandrene and summarized their main biological activities as a preliminary screening to encourage subsequent studies on their single components. With this review, we selected and critically analyzed 99 papers, using the following bibliographic databases: PubMed, SciELO, Wiley and WOS, on 8 July 2022. Data were independently extracted by four authors of this work, selecting those studies which reported the keyword "alpha-phellandrene" in the title and/or the abstract, and avoiding those in which there was not a clear correlation between the molecule and its biological activities and/or a specific concentration from its source. Duplication data were removed in the final article. Many essential oils have significant amounts of alpha-phellandrene, and the species Anethum graveolens and Foeniculum vulgare are frequently cited. Some studies on the above-mentioned species show high alpha-phellandrene amounts up to 82.1%. There were 12 studies on alpha-phellandrene as a pure molecule showed promising biological functions, including antitumoral, antinociceptive, larvicidal and insecticidal activities. There were 87 research works on EOs rich in alpha-phellandrene, which were summarized with a focus on additional data concerning potential biological activities. We believe this data is a useful starting point to start new research on the pure molecule, and, in particular, to distinguish between the synergistic effects of the different components of the OEs and those due to alpha-phellandrene itself. Toxicological data are still lacking, requiring further investigation on the threshold values to distinguish the boundary between beneficial and toxic effects, i.e., mutagenic, carcinogenic and allergenic. All these findings offer inspiration for potential applications of alpha-phellandrene as a new biopesticide, antimicrobial and antitumoral agent. In particular, we believe our work is of interest as a starting point for further studies on the food application of alpha-phellandrene.
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Increasing interest in constituents and dietary supplements has created the need for more efficient use of this information in nutrition-related fields. The present work aims to obtain optimal models to predict the total antioxidant properties of food matrices, using available information on the amount and class of flavonoids present in vegetables. A new dataset using databases that collect the flavonoid content of selected foods has been created. Structural information was obtained using a structural-topological approach called TOPological Sub-Structural Molecular (TOPSMODE). Different artificial intelligence algorithms were applied, including Machine Learning (ML) methods. The study allowed us to demonstrate the effectiveness of the models using structural-topological characteristics of dietary flavonoids. The proposed models can be considered, without overfitting, effective in predicting new values of Oxygen Radical Absorption capacity (ORAC), except in the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) algorithm. The best optimal model was obtained by the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. The in silico methodology we developed allows us to confirm the effectiveness of the obtained models, by introducing the new structural-topological attributes, as well as selecting those that most influence the class variable.
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La fenilcetonuria (PKU) es causada por una actividad deficiente de la enzima fenilalanina hidroxilasa. En los pacientes con esta deficiencia la fenilalanina (Phe) no puede ser convertida en tirosina, aumentando sus niveles en sangre y de otros metabolitos neurotóxicos, provocando un retraso mental irreversible. El tratamiento fundamentalmente se basa en una dieta controlada de Phe. Sin embargo, los alimentos libres o bajos en Phe son escasos. El objetivo de esta investigación es obtener hidrolizados proteicos con bajo contenido de Phe a partir del suero dulce de leche en polvo y harina de E. edulis Triana. El aislado proteico (96,01% proteína cruda) se obtuvo por solubilización y precipitación de las proteínas de la harina, mientras que las proteínas del suero (15,69% proteína cruda) fueron tratadas en su matriz original. Las proteínas del suero y el asilado fueron hidrolizadas enzimáticamente con pepsina y proteasa de Streptomyces griseus. La concentración de Phe se determinó por fluorometría y por HPLC, de lo cual la Phe de las proteínas del suero es liberada una hora antes que las del chachafruto, debido a que las proteínas del suero en parte fueron hidrolizadas en la elaboración del queso. Además, los resultados de la utilización del carbón activados como captor de Phe indican la reducción total del contenido de este aminoácido en los hidrolizados y la reducción de la concentración de otros aminoácidos(AU)
henylketonuria (PKU) is caused by a low activity of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. In patients with this deficiency, phenylalanine (Phe) cannot be converted to tyrosine, increasing blood levels and other neurotoxic metabolites, causing irreversible mental retardation. The treatment is fundamentally based on a controlled diet of Phe. However, free or low-Phe foods are scarce. The objective of this research is to obtain protein hydrolysates with low Phe content from sweet milk powder and E. edulis Triana flour. The protein isolate (96.01% crude protein) was obtained by solubilization and precipitation of the flour proteins, while the whey proteins (15.69% crude protein) were treated in their original matrix. Serum and asylated proteins were enzymatically hydrolyzed with pepsin and Streptomyces griseus protease. The concentration of Phe was determined by fluorometry and by HPLC, from which the Phe of whey proteins is released one hour earlier than those of chachafruto, due to the fact that the whey proteins were partially hydrolyzed in the elaboration of the cheese. In addition, the results of the use of charcoal activated as Phe captor indicate the total reduction of the content of this amino acid in the hydrolysates and the reduction of the concentration of other amino acids(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Fenilcetonúrias/patologia , Hidrolisados de Proteína/análise , Proteínas do Soro do Leite/administração & dosagem , Proteínas do Soro do Leite/biossíntese , Doenças Nutricionais e Metabólicas , Distúrbios NutricionaisRESUMO
El taponamiento cardíaco es un evento grave que requiere un rápido diagnóstico y tratamiento, sus causas no siempre son evidentes, aunque, los procesos neoplásicos y en particular los de pulmón, deben tenerse siempre en cuenta. El objetivo de este trabajo fue ejemplificar que el taponamiento cardíaco puede ser la forma de manifestación de un cáncer de pulmón. Se presentó un paciente de 58 años de edad, fumador por 45 años, portador de un taponamiento cardíaco, con antecedentes de derrame pericárdico previo y anemia, con disnea de esfuerzo, acompañado de tos seca. Se realizó pericardiotomia, drenando 2 750 ml de líquido serohemático. El proceder quirúrgico confirmó el diagnóstico etiológico de adenocarcinoma mixto moderadamente diferenciado de pulmón bilateral difuso, con metástasis en pericardio visceral y parietal. Las neoplasias producen con frecuencia derrames hemorrágicos o serohemáticos y taponamiento cardíaco, frecuentemente recidivantes tras la pericardiocentesis, como sucedió en este paciente.
The cardiac tamponade is a serious event that requires a quickly diagnose and treatment. Its causes not always are evident, even though, neoplastic processes and in particular the ones related to lungs, should be taken into account. The objective of this work was to provide that the cardiac tamponade could be a way that a lung cancer be manifested. A fifty eight -year- old patient, with a history of smoking for 45 years with a cardiac tamponade, history of previous pericardial stroke, anaemia and hacking cough was presented in this article. A pericardiotomy was performed to drain 2750 millilitres of serohematic fluid. The surgical procedure confirmed the existence of a mixed moderately differentiated, lung adenocarcinoma, with metastasis in the parietal and visceral pericardium. The neoplasia produce frequently hemorrhagic and serohematic bleeding, as well as cardiac tamponade, frequently after pericardiocenthesis, as occurred with this patient.
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Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) es un microorganismo perteneciente a la familia Enterobacteriaceae asociado con patologías como meningitis y septicemia en recién nacidos. Las fórmulas lácteas infantiles (FLI) han sido reconocidas como el vehículo más importante de transmisión de C. sakazakii, por condiciones inadecuadas durante su producción o preparación. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la temperatura de refrigeración y el calentamiento de las FLI en el crecimiento de C. sakazakii. Las muestras de FLI reconstituidas se contaminaron con 102, 104 y 106 UFC/mL de C. sakazakii y se refrigeraron durante cuatro horas a 4°C, 6°C y 10°C, posterioriormente, se calentaron en baño hidrotérmico hasta 37°C. Las muestras fueron sembradas al tiempo 0 (postrefrigeración) y luego del calentamiento hasta 37°C en placas con agar cromogénico y se incubaron a 35°C por 24h. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon. Según los datos obtenidos no hubo variación significativa en la población de C. sakazakii en las FLI luego de 4 horas en refrigeración a 4°C, 6°C y 10°C; sin embargo, al calentar las fórmulas hasta 37°C, hubo en todos los casos una reducción de un ciclo logarítmico en la población de C. sakazakii con un valor de p = 0.0056 y Z= 2.752. Se concluye que el calentamiento a 37°C post-refrigeracion de las muestras, disminuye la población de C. sakazakii en FLI (p<0,05)(AU)
Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) is a microorganism belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae associated with diseases such as meningitis and sepsis in newborns. The powdered infant formula (PIF) have been recognized as the most important vehicle of transmission of C. sakazakii, by inadequate conditions during production or during its preparation. The aim of this investigation was to assess the effect of the cooling temperature and the heating of PIF in the growth of C. sakazakii. For this, PIF reconstituted samples were contaminated with 102, 104 and 106 CFU / mL of C. sakazakii and refrigerated for four hours at 4 ° C, 6 ° C or 10 ° C after this hydrothermal bath heated to 37 ° C. Samples were cultured at time 0 (after- cooling) and then heating to 37 ° C in chromogenic agar plates and incubated at 35 ° C for 24h . For data analysis we used the Wilcoxon test. According to the data there was no significant variation in the population of C. sakazakii in PIF after 4 hours in the refrigerator at 4 ° C, 6°C and 10 ° C , however , by heating the formulas to 37 ° C , in all cases there was a reduction of one log cycle in population C. sakazakii with a value of p = 0.0056 and Z = 2.752 . We conclude that heating at 37°C post- cooling of the samples, decreases the population of C. sakazakii in FLI ( p < 0,05 )(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Cronobacter sakazakii , Enterocolite/etiologia , Padrão de Identidade e Qualidade para Produtos e Serviços , Meningite/etiologia , Bacteriologia , Alimentos Resfriados , Manipulação de AlimentosRESUMO
Se demostró que el mecanismo basado en la acción de los compuestos volátiles (CVs) generados por Trichoderma harzianum, resultó factible en el control de crecimiento en biomasa de Aspergillus flavus y la producción de aflatoxina B1 en granos de maíz almacenados a escala de laboratorio. Los granos de maíz tratados con radiación gamma (3Kgrey) e inoculados posteriormente con A. flavus, fueron expuestos a los CVs producidos y acumulados por T. harzianum luego de 15 días de cultivo en los medios Agar Extracto de Malta (AEM) y Germen Desgrasado de Maíz - Cáscara de Arroz (GDMCA). Se observó una reducción de 31,7 por ciento en la biomasa de A. flavus acumulada en maíz y una reducción de 51,78 por ciento en la producción de aflatoxina B1 cuando se empleó el medio AEM para el cultivo de T. harzianum. No se observó inhibición cuando se empleó el medio GDMCA a la misma escala de laboratorio. Sin embargo, cuando la producción de CVs a partir del medio GDMCA fue escalada en 24x, la proliferación de A. flavus se redujo en un 90 por ciento. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto el potencial de T. harzianum como agente biocontrolador de hongos micotoxigénicos en granos almacenados, y sus posibles implicaciones en la reducción de micotoxinas.