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The spatial patterns of taxonomic diversity of annelid polychaete species from the continental shelf in the Southern Gulf of Mexico were examined in this study. We used taxonomic distinctness and its spatial variations to explore the diversity patterns and how they change between Southern Gulf of Mexico regions. In addition, using taxonomic distinctness as a dissimilarity measure and Ward's Clustering, we characterized three distinct faunal assemblages. We also investigated patterns of richness, taxonomic distinctness, and distance decay of similarity between sampling stations as a ß-diversity measure. Finally, we examined the spatial relationships between polychaete assemblages and environmental variables to test the relative importance of spatial and environmental components in annelid polychaete community structure from the Southern Gulf of Mexico. We used a combination of eigenvector-based multivariate analyses (dbMEMs) and distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) to quantify the relative importance of these explanatory variables on the spatial variations of taxonomic distinctness. The significance level of spatial and environmental components to the distribution of polychaete species showed that the combined effect of spatial processes and sediment characteristics explained a higher percentage of the variance than those parameters could alone.
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Biodiversidade , Poliquetos , Animais , Golfo do México , Poliquetos/classificação , Ecossistema , Sedimentos GeológicosRESUMO
We investigated the influence of the structural and textural properties along with the chemical environment of pure Zn3[Co(CN)6]2 in comparison with the modified phases on the catalytic performance in the cycloaddition reaction between styrene oxide and CO2. We relate these to the proposed reaction pathways and mechanisms. The natural cubic phase (ZnCoCn) was dehydrated to obtain the rhombohedral phase (ZnCoRn), while the stabilized cubic phase (ZnCoCs) was synthesized by substituting external zinc atoms with cadmium atoms. The rhombohedral stabilized phase (ZnCoRs) was achieved by the internal cobalt change with iron. All the materials were extensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and N2 adsorption. The catalytic behavior of the four phases was tested. The crystalline structure of each phase was obtained, and by XPS, it was demonstrated that the chemical environments of all elements conforming to the rhombohedral stabilized phase are different from those of all other materials owing to the exchange of internal metals. The bulk textural properties were similar; only the ZnCoRs presented more micropore area but did not exceed the total surface area of the other materials. The product distribution and yield at reaction times of 2 h and 6 h were closer to those of the cubic phases. The natural rhombohedral phase exhibits the best performance. The tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and rhombohedral stabilized phase work together to yield a bigger copolymer quantity at the expense of the styrene carbonate (StCO3) production. From the proposed mechanism, the TBAB cation (TBA+) has a "protection" function that drives the closing of the StCO3 ring; however, the charge distribution anisotropy in the four nitrogen atoms generated by Co replacement in ZnCoRs could hold TBA+ as the reaction time progressed, causing an unavailability that triggered the copolymerization propagation step.
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This report discusses a rare case of a soft palate deformity in a young girl due to lipofibromatosis (LPF). This rare benign pediatric soft tissue tumour usually arises in the distal extremities. We believe this case represents the first report of lipofibromatosis involving only the maxillary bone.
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Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Neoplasias Bucais , Doenças da BocaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) associated or not with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), and the epidemiological profile and traditional risk factors in Latin America. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted in 17 Latin American centres. There were included cases of OSCC, analysing age, gender, OSCC and their association with previous OPMD. Clinicopathological variables were retrieved. The condition of sequential-OSCC versus OSCC-de novo (OSCC-dn) was analysed concerning the aforementioned variables. Quantitative variables were analysed using Student's t-test, and qualitative variables with chi-square. RESULTS: In total, 2705 OSCC were included with a mean age of 62.8 years old. 55.8% were men. 53.75% of the patients were smokers and 38% were common drinkers. The lateral tongue border was the most affected site (24.65%). There were regional variations in OPMD, being leukoplakia the most frequent. Of the overall 2705 OSCC cases, 81.4% corresponded to OSCC-dn, while s-OSCC were 18.6%. Regarding lip vermillion SCC, 35.7% corresponded to de novo lip SCC and 64.3% were associated with previous OPMD. CONCLUSIONS: In Latin America, OSCC-dn seems to be more frequent with regional variations of some clinical and histopathological features. Further prospective studies are needed to analyse this phenomenon.
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An adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a benign epithelial lesion, being the fourth most common among all odontogenic tumors. Usually presents as slow painless growth that sometimes leads to facial asymmetry. Many cases are detected by radiographic studies, and the indication for biopsy and surgery is secondary to this finding. We report a case of a 17-year-old man with a history of left mandibular painless swelling since 4 months ago, associated with facial asymmetry and hard consistency. An imaging study showed an extensive unilocular radiolucent lesion to the basilar arch, with defined limits and with peripheral hyperdense areas located only vestibular to the lesion. The histopathology was composed of odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation, with epithelial nodular and duct-like structures, rosettes of spindled epithelial cells with eosinophilic material, calcifications, and fibro-osseous reaction. Surgical conservative excision including the affected tooth is the treatment of choice and recurrence is rare. The histologic findings of reactive fibro-osseous proliferation in AOT should be interpreted as a reactive change in the tumor capsule and not as an adnexal lesion. We present an atypical case of AOT with reactive fibro-osseous reaction. Despite clinical aggressive behavior, conservative surgical treatment could be the treatment of choice. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of histopathological examination together with the imaging study of radiolucent lesions of the maxillary bones. Key words:Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor, Odontogenic tumor, fibro-osseous lesion.
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This study aimed to analyze the molecular characteristics of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), highlighting the pathways and variants of genes that are frequently mutated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and other cancers. Ten archival OED cases were retrieved for retrospective clinicopathological analysis and exome sequencing. Comparative genomic analysis was performed between high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and low-grade dysplasia (LGD), focusing on 57 well-known cancer genes, of which 10 were previously described as the most mutated in OSCC. HGD cases had significantly more variants; however, a similar mutational landscape to OSCC was observed in both groups. CASP8+FAT1/HRAS, TP53, and miscellaneous molecular signatures were also present. FAT1 is the gene that is most affected by pathogenic variants. Hierarchical divisive clustering showed division between the two groups: "HGD-like cluster" with 4HGD and 2LGD and "LGD-like cluster" with 4 LGD. MLL4 pathogenic variants were exclusively in the "LGD-like cluster". TP53 was affected in one case of HGD; however, its pathway was usually altered. We describe new insights into the genetic basis of epithelial malignant transformation by genomic analysis, highlighting those associated with FAT1 and TP53. Some LGDs presented a similar mutational landscape to HGD after cluster analysis. Perhaps molecular alterations have not yet been reflected in histomorphology. The relative risk of malignant transformation in this molecular subgroup should be addressed in future studies.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Neoplasias Bucais , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Bucais/genética , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e PescoçoRESUMO
Abstract This study aimed to analyze the molecular characteristics of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), highlighting the pathways and variants of genes that are frequently mutated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and other cancers. Ten archival OED cases were retrieved for retrospective clinicopathological analysis and exome sequencing. Comparative genomic analysis was performed between high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and low-grade dysplasia (LGD), focusing on 57 well-known cancer genes, of which 10 were previously described as the most mutated in OSCC. HGD cases had significantly more variants; however, a similar mutational landscape to OSCC was observed in both groups. CASP8+FAT1/HRAS, TP53, and miscellaneous molecular signatures were also present. FAT1 is the gene that is most affected by pathogenic variants. Hierarchical divisive clustering showed division between the two groups: "HGD-like cluster" with 4HGD and 2LGD and "LGD-like cluster" with 4 LGD. MLL4 pathogenic variants were exclusively in the "LGD-like cluster". TP53 was affected in one case of HGD; however, its pathway was usually altered. We describe new insights into the genetic basis of epithelial malignant transformation by genomic analysis, highlighting those associated with FAT1 and TP53. Some LGDs presented a similar mutational landscape to HGD after cluster analysis. Perhaps molecular alterations have not yet been reflected in histomorphology. The relative risk of malignant transformation in this molecular subgroup should be addressed in future studies.
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BACKGROUND: Severe oral mucositis associated with cancer therapy is a frequent complication that may affect a patient's systemic condition, resulting in interruption and/or prolongation of cancer therapy. Dentoxol® is a medical solution in the form of a mouthwash that has been shown to result in statistically significant improvement in the prevention of severe oral mucositis. However, knowing the measures of the clinical significance of this therapy is important for accurate decision-making. AIM: To describe the clinical impact of Dentoxol® use in severe oral mucositis. METHODS: Clinical significance was measured using the results obtained in a randomized controlled clinical trial previously conducted by the same group of researchers. The measures of clinical significance evaluated were the absolute risk or incidence, relative risk, absolute risk reduction, relative risk reduction, number needed to treat, and odds ratio. RESULTS: The data obtained show that the impact of Dentoxol® on reducing the severity of oral mucositis has important clinical relevance. CONCLUSION: The results of this study justify the incorporation of Dentoxol® mouth rinse into clinical protocols as a complement to cancer therapy to prevent and/or treat oral mucositis secondary to radiotherapy.
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Introducción: Infecciones moderadas, severas y/o profundas del territorio maxilofacial (ITM) constituyen un desafío de gran relevancia en los centros hospitalarios de alta complejidad. Objetivo: Actualizar esta epidemiología de resolución quirúrgica bajo anestesia general, en pabellón central tratado en el Hospital de Urgencia Asistencia Pública (HUAP) durante el período comprendido entre diciembre de 2014 a diciembre de 2019 y compararla con la realidad de otros centros hospitalarios de alta complejidad en Chile y en el extranjero. Materiales y Método: Estudio retrospectivo que analizó los protocolos operatorios de los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por ITM, en pabellón central, bajo anestesia general, en un período de 60 meses. Las variables analizadas fueron edad, género, espacio anatómico comprometido y presentación clínica. Resultados: Se realizaron 291 procedimientos quirúrgicos, para 452 infecciones. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 38 años, con predominio del sexo masculino (57,3%); el rango de edad más afectado fue entre los 30-39 años (26,1%); el espacio submandibular fue el más comprometido (29,5%). Discusión: Los resultados expuestos concuerdan con estudios a nivel nacional e internacional. Conclusión: Resulta necesario continuar la investigación epidemiológica para establecer políticas de prevención y tratamiento eficientes en relación a cada servicio y en conjunto a nivel de salud pública.
Introduction: Moderate, severe or deep infections of the maxillofacial territory (IMT) are a relevant problem in hospital centres. Objective: To demonstrate and update the epidemiology of IMT´s with surgical resolution under general Anesthesia in mayor operating rooms at the Public Assistance Emergency Hospital (HUAP) during the period from December 2014 to December 2019, and to compare it with the epidemiological reality of other hospital centres in Chile and abroad. Materials and Method: A retrospective study analyzed the operative protocols of patients for 60 months. Studied variables were age, sex, compromised anatomical space and clinical presentation. Results: 291 surgical procedures were performed to resolve 452 infections. The average age of the operated patients was 38 years, with a slight predominance of the male gender (57.3%); the most affected age range was between 30 and 39 years (26.1%); the submandibular space was the most compromised (29.5%). Discussion: The exposed results agree with studies carried out at national and international level. Conclusion: It is necessary to continue an epidemiological investigation in order to establish efficient prevention and treatment policies for each service and altogether to unify public health statistics.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Assistência Pública , Cirurgia Bucal , Epidemiologia , Serviços Médicos de EmergênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The over prescription of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections is a major public health problem worldwide. Aim: To evaluate the frequency of prescription of antibiotics for non-pneumonia acute respiratory infections in private outpatient clinics in individuals without chronic diseases or immunosuppression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All medical records of adult consultants in a national network of private ambulatory medical centers during May 2018 whose primary diagnosis corresponded to acute respiratory infections not pneumonia (ICD10) were identified and retrospectively analyzed, excluding those with chronic respiratory conditions or states of immunosuppression. RESULTS: Of the 38,072 consultants (aged 36 years, 63% women) who met this criterion, 54% (n = 20,499) received a prescription for at least one antibiotic. The diagnoses that most frequently received this prescription were acute bronchitis (28.7%), acute sinusitis (16.5%) and acute tonsillitis (16.2%). The most frequently prescribed antibiotic globally was azithromycin (37.4%), followed by amoxicillin (20.1%) and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (17.7%). Levofloxacin prescription reached 12.5% of total prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS: An antibiotic was prescribed in more than half of the non-pneumonia outpatient acute respiratory infections. Azithromycin was the most prescribed antibiotic, while levofloxacin exceeded 10% of prescriptions. These results reinforce the need to implement an antibiotic prescription surveillance system at the outpatient level.