RESUMO

RESUMEN La información sobre la presentación y los factores predisponentes del síndrome de úlcera gástrica en mulas (SUGM) es escasa en comparación con el síndrome de úlcera gástrica en equinos (SUGE) y asnales. Debido a la naturaleza multifactorial de este síndrome, la helicobacteriosis ha sido estudiada en otras especies. El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer la presencia de Helicobacter spp. en mucosa gástrica de mulas a través de la prueba rápida de la ureasa (PRU) y de análisis histopatológico. Menos del 27% de las muestras reaccionaron a la PRU, con tiempos prolongados de reacción, y al Agar Urea (prueba de oro), con menor porcentaje de positividad. La histopatología reveló procesos inflamatorios crónicos, sin presencia de bacterias curvoespiraladas. Las PRU no fueron conclusivas en la determinación de Helicobacter spp., comportamiento similar reportado en equinos. Se requieren exámenes diagnósticos más específicos y procedimientos complementarios orientados a explorar por regiones del estómago en la consideración del número de muestras representativas.

ABSTRACT Information on the presentation and predisposing factors of Mule Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (MGUS) is scarce, compared to Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) and donkeys. Within the multifactorial nature of this syndrome, helicobacteriosis has been studied in other species. The objective of this work was to establish the presence of Helicobacter spp. in gastric mucosa of mules, through the rapid urease test (RUT) and histopathological analysis. Less than 27% of the samples reacted to RUTs, with prolonged reaction times, and Urea Agar (gold test), with a lower percentage of positivity. Histopathology revealed chronic inflammatory processes, without the presence of curved-spiral bacteria. The RUTs were not conclusive in the determination of Helicobacter spp., a similar behavior reported in horses. More specific diagnostic tests and complementary procedures are required to explore the regions of the stomach in consideration of the number of representative samples.

Assuntos

RESUMO

We have used a fast, sensitive and efficient method for the analysis of volatile carbonyl compounds (saturated aliphatic and unsaturated aldehydes) based on solid-phase microextraction with on-fibre derivatisation. Pentafluorophenylhydrazine was absorbed onto a poly(dimethylsiloxane)/divinylbenzene-coated fibre and exposed to the vapours of aldehyde-containing matrices. The hydrazones formed on the fibre were desorbed into the gas chromatograph injection port and quantified by means of electron-capture detection with high sensitivity (10-90 fmol) and good reproducibility (RSD<10%). The method was applied to the headspace-sampling of volatile carbonyl compounds released during the thermally-induced degradation of sunflower oil.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Subcritical (CO(2)) extraction, carried out in a J&W Scientific High Pressure Soxhlet Extractor, was used to isolate secondary metabolites from leaves, flowers, stems and roots of Colombian rue (Ruta graveolens L.). The various extracts were analyzed by capillary chromatography, on an HP-5 (30 m) column, using nitrogen-phosphorus, flame ionization, and mass selective detection systems. Kováts indexes and mass spectra (electron impact, 70 eV) were employed for compound identification. The extracts from the various parts of rue studied had different compositions. The number of compounds detected at concentrations above 0.01% (w/w) in the extracts from leaves, flowers, stems and roots, was 78, 45, 25 and 24, respectively. 2-Nonanone (8.9%), 2-undecanone (13.4%), chalepensin (13.0%), and geijerene (19.3%) were the main constituents found in the extracts from rue leaves, flowers, stems and roots, respectively. Furanocoumarins, furoquinolines, hydrocarbons and benzodioxol derivatives were the main compound families found in all extracts, at total concentrations between 3.7 and 33.9%, depending on the part of the plant. The extraction method used has low environmental impact and produced solvent-free extracts in good yield with no pigments, waxes, resins, or high-molecular weight compounds which may interfere with the isolation and analysis of the alkaloids responsible for rue's biological activity, which were extracted in relatively high yield.

Assuntos

RESUMO

High-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) with electron-capture detection (ECD), nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD), flame ionization detection (FID) or with mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring (MS-SIM) was used in the analysis of volatile carbonyl compounds. Eighteen carbonyl compounds that are typically produced during lipid peroxidation were derivatized quantitatively with pentafluorophenylhydrazine (PFPH) at room temperature, to afford their corresponding water-insoluble hydrazones. These derivatives were extracted into non-polar phases by means of either liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) (hexane) or solid-phase extraction (SPE) on 3 ml C18 octadecyl-bonded phase cartridges. Detection limits of 10(-14) and 10(-12) mol/ml per aldehyde were achieved with the ECD and MS-SIM systems, respectively. The effects of extraction conditions on sensitivity and recovery were determined by performing parallel HRGC-ECD and HRGC-MS-SIM analyses of pentafluorophenylhydrazones of the eighteen compounds under study. Recoveries of 51.4-78.9 +/- 1.2-4.5 and 80.9-98.3 +/- 1.0-3.5% were obtained with LLE and SPE, respectively. The method was applied to the analysis of the volatile carbonyl compounds in various heated vegetable oils (corn, palm or sunflower) and to the analysis of volatile aldehydes in human urine.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A peptide toxin affecting potassium channels was isolated from the sea anemone Bunodosoma granulifera. It facilitates acetylcholine release at avian neuromuscular junctions, competes with dendrotoxin I, a probe for voltage-dependent potassium channels, for binding to synaptosomal membranes of rat brain with a Ki of 0.7 nM and suppresses K+ currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurones in culture. It represents a new structural type of potassium channel toxin with the sequence V1RCDWFKETA10CRHAKSLGNC20RTSQKYRANC30AKTLQCC37 (M(r) 4275, three disulfides).

Assuntos

RESUMO

There is controversy on the behavior of total lung capacity (TLC) during an acute asthma attack because the severe airflow obstruction causes an overestimation of the intrathoracic gas measured by plethysmography. We measured plethysmographic and radiologic TLC (TLCpl, TLCrx) in 17 patients with acute asthma, at admission and 3-5 days later when clinical and spirometric improvement was seen. TLCrx was measured planimetrically from routine chest X-rays in postero-anterior and lateral projection. Patients had a mean age of 32 +/- 15 years (ranging from 8-53) and six were males. FEV1 and FVC increased significantly in the second evaluation (1.36 +/- 0.7 vs 1.99 +/- 0.7 L, and 1.97 +/- 0.9 vs 2.6 +/- 1 L respectively, p less than 0.05), whereas airway resistance decreased (13.4 +/- 5.3 vs 9.8 +/- 3.4 cm H2O/L/s, p less than 0.05). On the other hand, we did not find a significant change in TLCpl (4.4 +/- 1.1 vs 4.6 +/- 1.2 L) nor in TLCrx (4.2 +/- 0.9 vs 4.1 +/- 0.8 L). We found no significant difference between TLCpl and TLCrx.

Assuntos

RESUMO

391 patients were studied, 288 males whose average age was forty years old, and 103 females whose average age was forty-five years old. They were divided into three groups, according to the values of the diastolic blood pressure in basal conditions: a) Normotensive (less than 90); b) Borderline (90); c) Mild Hypertensive (95-100 mm Hg). Comparison between sexes and ages was also carried out, being these last results analyzed in two groups: from 20 to 40 years old and from 41 to 69 years old. The values of statistical significance were as follows: as to the group, both basal systolic and diastolic blood pressure, systolic and diastolic at 600 KGM and at 5 minutes of recuperation. As to sex: basal cardiac frequency at 600 KGM and diastolic blood pressure at 5 minutes of recuperation. Body weight did not show correlation with systolic or diastolic blood pressure at 600 KGM.

Assuntos

RESUMO

391 patients were studied, 288 males whose average age was forty years old, and 103 females whose average age was forty-five years old. They were divided into three groups, according to the values of the diastolic blood pressure in basal conditions: a) Normotensive (less than 90); b) Borderline (90); c) Mild Hypertensive (95-100 mm Hg). Comparison between sexes and ages was also carried out, being these last results analyzed in two groups: from 20 to 40 years old and from 41 to 69 years old. The values of statistical significance were as follows: as to the group, both basal systolic and diastolic blood pressure, systolic and diastolic at 600 KGM and at 5 minutes of recuperation. As to sex: basal cardiac frequency at 600 KGM and diastolic blood pressure at 5 minutes of recuperation. Body weight did not show correlation with systolic or diastolic blood pressure at 600 KGM.

RESUMO

391 patients were studied, 288 males whose average age was forty years old, and 103 females whose average age was forty-five years old. They were divided into three groups, according to the values of the diastolic blood pressure in basal conditions: a) Normotensive (less than 90); b) Borderline (90); c) Mild Hypertensive (95-100 mm Hg). Comparison between sexes and ages was also carried out, being these last results analyzed in two groups: from 20 to 40 years old and from 41 to 69 years old. The values of statistical significance were as follows: as to the group, both basal systolic and diastolic blood pressure, systolic and diastolic at 600 KGM and at 5 minutes of recuperation. As to sex: basal cardiac frequency at 600 KGM and diastolic blood pressure at 5 minutes of recuperation. Body weight did not show correlation with systolic or diastolic blood pressure at 600 KGM.

RESUMO

One thousand six hundred and ninety-eight children and adolescents four to eighteen years-old were studied, eight hundred and forty of them were males and eight hundred and fifty-eight females. No individual following, was performed. Two determinations of both systolic and diastolic pressure were registered after a fifteen minutes rest, and the average figures of both, of them was registered. The group analyzed belonged to upper middle class and the hypertension figures were: females 28 (3.26%) and males 30 (3.57%). The influence of bodily area was observed en hypertensive patients. Those located between the average +/- two standard deviations were considered as normal. (95% of the cases).

Assuntos