RESUMO
Introducción: Los pacientes que reciben nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) en seguimiento desde el Hospital requieren un monitoreo que debió modificarse por la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: Valorar la utilización y el impacto en los resultados, de estrategias alternativas a la atención presencial de pacientes con NPD, empleando telemedicina, durante el inicio de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2, comparándolas con las prácticas habituales previas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico descriptivo retrospectivo que analizó el monitoreo, la evolución y las complicaciones de pacientes con NPD asistidos en el Hospital en el período previo a la pandemia (1/4/2019 y 31/3/2019) y durante su primer año (1/4/2020 a 31/3/2021), basado en la revisión de historias clínicas y bases de datos de complicaciones. Resultados: Las características demográficas, diagnósticos, procedencia y provisión de la NPD fueron similares en los dos períodos. Durante el período de la pandemia se redujeron en forma significativa el número de controles presenciales y aumentaron los realizados por telemedicina en forma sincrónica (con una modalidad pautada previamente), y los controles por profesionales locales. La participación de los cuidadores en los procedimientos de administración de la NPD aumentó en pandemia. Las tasas de complicaciones, re-internaciones, el número de inicios y suspensiones de tratamiento fueron similares en ambos períodos. Conclusiones: En pandemia fue posible implementar y monitorizar la NPD utilizando telemedicina sin observar afectación significativa de la evolución, las complicaciones de la enfermedad y del tratamiento. El seguimiento mediante telemedicina sincrónica resultó útil y se incorporará como una herramienta más al monitoreo habitual sin reemplazarlo
Introduction: Patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) under follow-up from the Hospital require monitoring that had to be modified due to the SARSCoV-2 pandemic. Objective: To assess the use and the impact on the results of other care strategies for patients with HPN, using telemedicine, during the beginning of the SARS CoV2 pandemic, compared with previous usual practices.Materials and methods: Retrospective descriptive analytical study that analyzed the monitoring, evolution and complications of patients with HPN assisted in the Hospital, in the period before pandemic ( 4/1/2019 to 3/31/2020) and during the first year of SARS CoV-2 pandemic (4/1/2020 to 3/31/2021), according to data obtained from medical records and databases. Results: demographic characteristics, diagnoses, place of residence and HPN provision were similar in both periods. During the pandemic period, the number of face-to-face controls were significantly reduced and those carried out by telemedicine synchronously, and by local professionals increased. The participation of caregivers in the administration procedures of the HPN increased in the pandemic period. The rates of complications, readmissions, number of initiations and suspensions of home treatment were similar in both periods. Conclusions: It was possible to implement and monitor HPN during pandemic. The evolution and complications of the disease and treatment were not significantly affected. Synchronous telemedicine follow-up was successfully useful and will be incorporated as another tool to regular monitoring
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Nutrição Parenteral no Domicílio , Telemedicina , Hospitais Pediátricos , Hospitais Públicos , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos , Monitorização Ambulatorial , Pandemias , COVID-19/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Phytophthora is one of the most aggressive and worldwide extended phytopathogens that attack plants and trees. Its effects produce tremendous economical losses in agronomy and forestry since no effective fungicide exists. We propose to combine percolation theory with an intercropping sowing configuration as a non-chemical strategy to minimize the dissemination of the pathogen. In this work, we model a plantation as a square lattice where two types of plants are arranged in alternating columns or diagonals, and Phytophthora zoospores are allowed to propagate to the nearest and next-to-nearest neighboring plants. We determine the percolation threshold for each intercropping configuration as a function of the plant's susceptibilities and the number of inoculated cells at the beginning of the propagation process. The results are presented as phase diagrams where crop densities that prevent the formation of a spanning cluster of susceptible or diseased plants are indicated. The main result is the existence of susceptibility value combinations for which no spanning cluster is formed even if every cell in the plantation is sowed. This finding can be useful in choosing a configuration and density of plants that minimize damages caused by Phytophthora. We illustrate the application of the phase diagrams with the susceptibilities of three plants with a high commercial value.
Assuntos
Agricultura , ÁrvoresRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intestinal failure (IF) patients received parenteral nutrition (PN) as the only available therapy until intestinal transplantation (ITx) evolved as an accepted treatment. The aim of this article is to report the long-term outcomes of a series of ITx performed in pediatric and adult patients at a single center 9 years after its creation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of the ITx performed between May 2006 and January 2015. Diagnoses, pre-ITx mean time on PN, indications for ITx, time on the waiting list for types of ITx, mean total ischemia time, and warm ischemia time, time until PN discontinuation, incidence of acute and chronic rejection, and 5-year actuarial patient survival are reported. RESULTS: A total of 42 patients received ITx; 80% had short gut syndrome (SG); the mean time on PN was 1620 days. The main indication for ITx was lack of central venous access followed by intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) and catheter-related infectious complications. The mean time on the waiting list was 188 days (standard deviation, ±183 days). ITx were performed in 26 children and 14 adults. In all, 32 procedures were isolated ITx (IITX); 10 were multiorgan Tx (MOT; 3 combined, 7 multivisceral Tx (MVTx), 1 modified MVTx and 2 with kidney); 2 (4.7 %) were retransplantations: 1 IITx, 1 MVTx, and 5 including the right colon. Thirteen patients (31%) received abdominal rectus fascia. All procedures were performed by the same surgical team. Total ischemia time was 7:53 ± 2:04 hours, and warm ischemia time was 40.2 ± 10.5 minutes. The mean length of implanted intestine was 325 ± 63 cm. Bishop-Koop ileostomy was performed in 67% of cases. In all, 16 of 42 Tx required early reoperations. The overall mean follow-up time was 41 ± 35.6 months. The mean time to PN discontinuation after Tx was 68 days (P = .001). The total number of acute cellular rejection (ACR) episodes until the last follow-up was 83; the total number of grafts lost due to ACR was 4; and the total graft lost due to chronic rejection was 3. At the time of writing, the overall 5-year patient survival is 55% (65% for IITx vs 22% for MOT; P = .0001); 60% for pediatric recipients vs 47% for adults (P = NS); 64% when the indication for ITx was SG vs 25% for non-SG (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: At this center, candidates with SG, in the absence of IFALD requiring IITx, showed the best long-term outcomes, independent of recipient age. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory for the care of intestinal failure patients, to sustain a rehabilitation and transplantation program over time.
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Rejeição de Enxerto/epidemiologia , Intestinos/transplante , Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Falência Hepática/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado , Nutrição Parenteral Total/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Síndrome do Intestino Curto/cirurgia , Adulto , Argentina , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Enteropatias/complicações , Enteropatias/cirurgia , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Falência Hepática/etiologia , Masculino , Nutrição Parenteral Total/efeitos adversos , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome do Intestino Curto/complicações , Listas de Espera , Isquemia QuenteRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Nutritional support (NS) leads complications that must be detected and prompt treated. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of some complications of nutritional support in critically ill patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter, descriptive, prospective study in patients with NS in intensive care units. Studied variables included medical diagnosis, nutritional status, length of NS, path, type of formula and ten complications. RESULTS: 419 patients evaluated, 380 received enteral nutrition (EN) and 39 parenteral nutrition (PN). The high gastric residue was the most incident complication in the ENS (24.2%), followed by diarrhea (14%) and withdrawal tube (6.6%). The high gastric residue and diarrhea were associated with the duration of the NS (p < 0.05). For the PNS the complication most incidents were hypophosphatemia (38.5%), followed by catheter sepsis (15.4%). The duration of the NS was associated with cholestasis, sepsis and hypophosphatemia (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: complications of highest incidence were the high gastric residue for EN and hypophosphatemia for the PN; the withdrawal of the tube is a complication that claims further monitoring. The duration of the NS was the variable that showed greater association with the complications studied. Is a must to get consensus on complications definitions for comparisons establishment and best international standards target, furthermore propose protocols in order to decrease complications incidence of NS to fulfill the critical ill patient requirements.
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Estado Terminal , Apoio Nutricional/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Nutrição Enteral/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Alimentos Formulados , Trânsito Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Nutricional , Nutrição Parenteral/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The nasal vaccine candidate (NASVAC), comprising hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface (HBsAg) and core antigens (HBcAg), has been shown to be highly immunogenic in animal models. METHODS: A phase I double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was carried out in 19 healthy male adults with no serologic markers of immunity/infection to HBV. This study was aimed at exploring the safety and immunogenic profile of nasal co-administration of both HBV recombinant antigens. The trial was performed according to Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 45 years and were randomly allocated to receive a mixture of 50 microg HBsAg and 50 microg HBcAg or 0.9% physiologic saline solution, as a placebo, via nasal spray in a five-dose schedule at 0, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days. A total volume of 0.5 ml was administered in two dosages of 125 microl per nostril. Adverse events were actively recorded 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 days and 30 days after each dose. Anti-HBs and anti-HBc titers were evaluated using corresponding ELISA kits at days 30 and 90. RESULTS: The vaccine candidate was safe and well tolerated. Adverse reactions included sneezing (34.1%), rhinorrhea (12.2%), nasal stuffiness (9.8%), palate itching (9.8%), headache (9.8%), and general malaise (7.3%). These reactions were all self-limiting and mild in intensity. No severe or unexpected events were recorded during the trial. The vaccine elicited anti-HBc seroconversion in 100% of subjects as early as day 30 of the immunization schedule, while a seroprotective anti-HBs titer (>or=10 IU/l) was at a maximum at day 90 (75%). All subjects in the placebo group remained seronegative during the trial. CONCLUSION: The HBsAg-HBcAg vaccine candidate was safe, well tolerated and immunogenic in this phase I study in healthy adults. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of safety and immunogenicity for a nasal vaccine candidate comprising HBV antigens.
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Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/imunologia , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/administração & dosagem , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Administração Intranasal , Adolescente , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite B/virologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/imunologia , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/genética , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/efeitos adversos , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Humanos , Imunidade nas Mucosas/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vacinas Combinadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Combinadas/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Sintéticas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Sintéticas/efeitos adversosRESUMO
El Sindrome de Realimentacion (SR) representa las consecuencias metabolicas de la homeostasis del agua con los macro y micro nutrientes como glucosa, el sodio, el potasio, el magnesio, los oligoelementos y las vitaminas
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Humanos , Criança , Anorexia Nervosa , Distúrbios NutricionaisRESUMO
Evaluar la frecuencia de utilizacion de la nutricion enteral (NE) en el hospital y en el domicilio, caracteristicas de los pacientes, formula, tiempo de uso y responsable de la indicacion
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Nutrição Enteral , Tempo de Internação , PediatriaRESUMO
El Sindrome de Realimentacion (SR) representa las consecuencias metabolicas de la homeostasis del agua con los macro y micro nutrientes como glucosa, el sodio, el potasio, el magnesio, los oligoelementos y las vitaminas
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Anorexia Nervosa , Distúrbios NutricionaisRESUMO
Evaluar la frecuencia de utilizacion de la nutricion enteral (NE) en el hospital y en el domicilio, caracteristicas de los pacientes, formula, tiempo de uso y responsable de la indicacion
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Nutrição Enteral , Tempo de Internação , PediatriaRESUMO
Un paciente de 9 años, que recibió nutrición parenteral total en domicilio, desarrollo una artritis aguda por acremonium spp. Este hongo que se halla usualmente en el suelo como saprófito, infectó su cateter a través de la contaminación de solución fisiológica. Describimos los hallazgos clínicos y de laboratorio en el primer episodio, recaida, tratamiento y complicaciones. Conclusiones: 1. Este caso reafirma la necesidad del cumplimiento estricto de las normas y procedimientos del manejo de cateter y vigilancia de la calidad de los materiales y soluciones utilizadas. 2. La recaida de la artritis en este paciente luego de cultivos negativos sugiere la necesidad del uso de drogas antifungicas durante períodos prolongados. 3. El paciente logró niveles terapéuticos de itraconazol, lo que sugiere una buena absorción de esta droga y hace esta indicación posible en pacientes con sindrome de intestino corto. 4. El uso de drogas por vía oral en pacientes con sindrome de intestino corto necesita el monitoreo plasmático.