RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Fatigue and sleep disturbances are among the most common disorders suffered by transport drivers. OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze working conditions for Mexican federal transportation truck and bus drivers, and their connection with sleep disorders and fatigue. METHODS: A cross-sectional, quantitative study was performed with a convenience sample of 172 drivers (84 truck and 88 bus) by applying the Survey Evaluation and Monitoring of Workers Health (PROESSAT in Spanish) and the Yoshitake Fatigue questionnaire. RESULTS: Night work and performing hazardous work increased the prevalence of sleep disorders (PR = 3.9 and PR = 6.9, respectively). Poor lighting and being paid per trip increased the prevalence of fatigue (PR = 2.8 and PR = 2.5, respectively). CONCLUSION: Several conditions were found to impact health, including long work shifts, strenuous physical effort, night work, little social support, being paid by distance, strict quality controls, and risk of crimes such as extortion, robbery, attacks, and kidnapping.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Working conditions in public hospitals in Mexico City are highly demanding. The need for healthcare is pressing, materials and instruments are scarce, and exposure to pain and suffering is constant. These adverse conditions have an adverse impact on the physical and mental health of healthcare professionals. The nursing staffs are among those who are most affected, and they frequently experience burnout syndrome or one of its several dimensions, including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship among working conditions, related stress, and the dimensions of burnout syndrome in a tertiary care public hospital in Mexico City. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was applied on a random sample of 190 nurses in a public hospital in Mexico City. Working conditions and burnout syndrome were evaluated using standardized instruments. Adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated. Three clusters, one for each burnout dimension, were generated and then evaluated using a correspondence analysis with labor characteristics. RESULTS: One quarter (25%) of the participants self-reported a sense of personal accomplishment, and 12% reported emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The labor variables that were found to be associated with the dimensions of burnout were workload, performing potentially hazardous work, and conducting tedious tasks. Positive conditions were shown to decrease the prevalence of burnout in all three dimensions. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Working conditions for nursing staff impact the mental health of nurses and affect the quality of the healthcare they provide. The set of work demands and stressors to which they are exposed should be controlled and modified to ensure a healthy work environment.

Assuntos

RESUMO

En el sector aéreo los trabajadores laboran en ambientes atípicos, debido a que están expuestos continuamente a diversos riesgos. En aviación, la mayoría de los sistemas de gestión están enfocados en controlar riesgos operativos, es decir, factores que podrían perjudicar el correcto desempeño de las aeronaves. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en determinar la asociación entre riesgos laborales y daños a la salud, a los que se expone el personal de Servicios a la Navegación en el Espacio Aéreo Mexicano. Para ello, se utilizaron la Encuesta Individual para la Evaluación de la Salud de los Trabajadores, la Prueba de Síntomas Subjetivos de Fatiga y, la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés. Participaron 199 trabajadores y se realizó un análisis multivariable de los resultados, considerando una significancia estadística de p≤0.05 y un intervalo de confianza al 95%. Se encontró que el personal femenino tiene una mayor prevalencia de fatiga (2.31), trastornos del sueño (1.80) y lumbalgia (1.58). El personal de control de tránsito aéreo tiene mayor prevalencia de estrés (2.71) y ansiedad (1.75). Aquellos expuestos a cambios bruscos de temperatura, presentan mayor ansiedad (99%) y estrés (90%). Para mejorar las condiciones laborales en el sector aeronáutico mexicano, se requiere de una adecuada comprensión de la relación que guardan los riesgos con el perfil de daño de los trabajadores. Esta acción permitirá tomar acciones preventivas y correctivas, asertivas y eficientes(AU)

In the aerospace industry people work in atypical environments, because workers are continuously exposed to various risks. In aviation, management systems are focused mainly on controlling operational risks, i.e., factors that could harm the correct performance of an aircraft. The objective of this study was to determine the association between occupational risk factors and adverse health effects among staff belonging to the Mexican Air Space Navigation Services [Servicios a la Navegación en el Espacio Aéreo Mexicano]. We administered the Individual Survey for the Evaluation of Workers' Health, the Subjective Symptoms of Fatigue Test, and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. A total of 199 workers participated and a multivariate analysis of the results was performed, considering 95% confidence intervals and a statistical significance level of p≤0.05. We found that female staff hada higher prevalence of fatigue (2.31), sleep disorders (1.80) and low back pain (1.58). Air traffic control personnel have a higher prevalence of stress (2.71) and anxiety (1.75). Those exposed to sudden changes in temperature reported more anxiety (99%) and stress (90%). To improve working conditions in the Mexican aeronautical sector, an adequate understanding of the relationship between risks and the injury profile of the workers is required. This action will facilitate the implementation of preventive and corrective, assertive and efficient measures(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación que hay entre la manera en que los académicos de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata perciben el contenido del trabajo, las exigencias que demandan las actividades que deben realizar y las consecuencias de éstas sobre su salud física y mental. Se realizó un estudio transversal y observacional, con una muestra aleatoria de 151 profesores de 9 unidades académicas de la Universidad de Mar del Plata, en Argentina. Se utilizó una encuesta de tipo epidemiológico para recabar información demográfica, condiciones y valoración del trabajo, exigencias y daños a la salud. Los datos se analizaron con el programa estadístico Jump statistical program, versión 9, y se controló edad, género y antigüedad; estableciendo el nivel de significancia en p<0.05 y un intervalo de confianza del 95%.La percepción sobre el trabajo es muy satisfactoria y las exigencias más importantes fueron realizar trabajo pendiente en horas o días de descanso (79%), cubrir cursos, clases, artículos y conferencias (75%), permanecer sentado la mayor parte del tiempo (65%) y realizar tareas minuciosas (64%). Se identificó que casi la mitad de la población sufre de fatiga (46%) y trastornos musculoesqueléticos (45%), mientras que alrededor del 40% padece estrés, trastornos del sueño, cefalea, disfonía y ansiedad(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate how academic staff at the Mar del Plata National University in Argentina perceive the content, demands and activities of their jobs, and the consequences on their physical and mental health. A cross-sectional, observational study was carried out on a random sample of 151 professors from 9 academic units at this university. An epidemiological survey was used to collect self- reported information on demographics, job characteristics and demands and adverse health effects. The data were analyzed with the Jump™ Version 9 statistical package, controlling for age, gender and seniority. The significance level was set at p < 0.05, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Overall, respondents were very satisfied with their jobs. The most common job demands were working in off hours or off days, (79%), teaching courses and classes, writing articles and attending talks (75%), remaining seated most of the time (65%) and carrying out detailed tasks (64%). Almost half of the respondents reported suffering from fatigue (46%) and musculoskeletal disorders (45%), while around 40% suffered from stress, sleep disorders, headaches, dysphonia or anxiety(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Identify the association between working conditions, musculoskeletal symptoms and ergonomic demands on nurses. BACKGROUND: The physical demands of nursing often require repetitive and forced movements that increase the likelihood of developing musculoskeletal disorders, which are the main occupational diseases in this working population. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional study of 329 nurses chosen at random. Initial symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) were evaluated using Kuorinka's Nordic questionnaire; occupational demands and domestic activities were evaluated using the Individual Survey for Workers' Health, PROESSAT. Logistic regression models were fit to identify associations between musculoskeletal symptoms and occupational activities. RESULTS: A prevalence of 87% and 83% of musculoskeletal disorders was found in the neck and dorsal/lumbar regions, respectively. Using logistic models, associations were identified between ergonomic requirements, exposure time, domestic work, supervision and discomfort in various regions of the body. CONCLUSIONS: Postural demands are closely associated with the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Early identification and timely intervention are fundamental. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Musculoskeletal disorders are very common among nurses and are closely associated with occupational tasks.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Los docentes e investigadores universitarios participan en diversos programas de estímulos económicos que recompensan la productividad. Para obtenerlos atraviesan por evaluaciones pormenorizadas de la mayoría de actividades laborales que, a la larga, se han constituido en una verdadera sobrecarga laboral. Esta modalidad de trabajo basada en la productividad, ha traído consigo importantes daños en la salud de estos trabajadores. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer los daños a la salud asociados con las exigencias y condiciones laborales del personal académico y de investigación de seis universidades públicas en México. Para ello se aplicó una encuesta de uso epidemiológico, adaptada del Programa de Evaluación y Seguimiento de la Salud de los Trabajadores (PROESSAT) a las necesidades de cada población. Asimismo, se aplicaron el inventario DASS 21 para valorar ansiedad, depresión y estrés, el cual fue validado con población latina. La prueba Yoshitake para medir fatiga, se validó en población mexicana. Con estos instrumentos se exploraron: datos generales, condiciones del trabajo, consecuencias de la participación en programas de estímulos, exigencias laborales y daños en la salud física y mental. Se indagaron13 distintos trastornos, los de mayor prevalencia fueron: los músculoesqueléticos y la disfonía con una tasa de 37 por cada 100 trabajadores, seguidos del distrés y la lumbalgia con 30 y28 por cada 100 trabajadores. La tasa general de morbilidad fue de 3 trastornos por cada trabajador(AU)

University professors and researchers participate in a variety of economic stimulus programs that reward productivity. In order to receive these payments, they must undergo detailed evaluations of the majority of their job activities. This process has led to a considerable work overload. Evaluations of this type, based on productivity, have caused significant damage to the health of these workers. The objective of this epidemiological survey-based study was to examine adverse health effects associated with the job demands and working conditions of teaching and research faculty at six public universities in Mexico. The survey instrument was derived from the Program for Evaluation and Monitoring of Worker Health (PROESSAT, by its Spanish acronym) and adapted to the needs of the study population. We applied the DASS-21 inventory, previously validated in a Latino population, to assess anxiety, depression and stress. We also administered the Yoshitake test to measure fatigue, which has been validated in a Mexican population. These instruments were used to explore demographic data, working conditions, consequences of participation in stimulus programs, job requirements and adverse physical and mental health effects. We explored 13 different health disorders, of which the most prevalent were musculoskeletal disorders and dysphonia (at 37% each), followed by distress and low back pain (30% and 28%, respectively. The overall morbidity rate was three disorders per worker(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

El estudio tiene como objetivo describir la asociación entre el trabajo que tienen que realizar los académicos universitarios de Oaxaca para alcanzar los estímulos académicos, en relación con su salud física y mental. Se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo. Se calculó una muestra aleatoria representativa de cinco facultades de la Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca (Odontología, Contaduría y Administración, Idiomas, Arquitectura y Ciencias Químicas). Se aplicó una encuesta para recabar información demográfica, del trabajo y de salud. Las exigencias más importantes fueron: cubrir un determinado número de cursos, clases, artículos y conferencias; estar fijo en el lugar de trabajo; jornada laboral de más de 48 horas semanales; realizar trabajos pendientes en horas de descanso o vacaciones; y trabajar adoptando posiciones incómodas o forzadas. Cuatro de siete consecuencias de la participación en un programa de becas se perfilaron como negativas y se asociaron estadísticamente con trastornos tales como el distrés, trastornos del sueño, presencia de depresión y ansiedad(AU)

This cross-sectional study describes the association between incentive-driven tasks performed by university faculty in and their physical and mental health. A representative random sample of five colleges of the Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca (Dentistry, Accounting and Management, Languages, Architecture and Chemical Sciences) was obtained. A survey was used to collect information on demographics, job tasks and health. The most important tasks were: 1) completing a certain number of courses, classes, articles and conferences; being fixed in the workplace; working more than 48 hours per week; performing work during breaks or when on vacation; and working while adopting uncomfortable or awkward positions. Four of seven consequences of participation in a scholarship program were considered negative and statistically associated with disorders such as distress, sleep disorders, presence of depression and anxiety(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Establecer la asociación entre las principales exigencias de trabajo y los daños a la salud en académicos que tienen la opción de participar en los programas de estímulos económicos. Estudio transversal y observacional, participaron 192 académicos universitarios con base en un muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Se recabaron datos sociodemográficos, exigencias laborales, perfil de daños a la salud e implicaciones derivadas de la participación en los programas de becas. Se utilizó el JMP8 y se controlaron variables confusoras (edad, género y antigüedad) estableciendo un nivel de significancia de p<0.05. El 64% cuenta con algún tipo de estímulo económico. El perfil de daños a la salud se caracterizó por trastornos músculo-esqueléticos (42%). Las exigencias de trabajo más representativas fueron: laborar en días de descanso (86%), cubrir una cuota de trabajo (80%) y sobrecarga de trabajo (60%); éstas se asociaron significativamente con: lumbalgia, músculo-esqueléticos, túnel del carpo y disfonía. Prevalecen tasas elevadas de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos, lumbalgia y disfonía, entre 3 y 4 de cada 10 trabajadores. Las exigencias laborales para poder concursar en los estímulos económicos se asociaron más significativamente con los daños a la salud, que los propios estímulos como tal. Es necesario visibilizar estos resultados para prevenirlos y atenderlos en materia de salud de los trabajadores.

To examine the association between the main job demands and adverse health effects among Mexican university faculty who have the option of participating in economic stimulus programs. Cross-sectional, observational study, involving a stratified random sample of 192 university academics. Data were collected on sociodemographics, job demands, adverse health profile implications arising from participation in economic incentive programs. The JMP8 was used and the analysis controlled for confounding variables (age, gender and age); statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Sixty-four percent of respondents indicated being eligible for some type of economic stimulus. The adverse health profile was characterized by musculoskeletal disorders (42%). The most representative job demands were working on days off (86%), covering for others (80%) and increased workload (60%). These factors were significantly associated with low back pain, musculoskeletal, carpal tunnel syndrome and dysphonia. The prevailing high rates of musculoskeletal disorders, back pain and dysphonia, affected between 3 and 4 out of 10 workers. Job demands required to participate in the economic stimulus were more significantly associated with adverse health than the economic incentives themselves.

RESUMO

El objetivo general fue identificar la frecuencia de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos y psíquicos asociados a las condiciones y medio ambiente de trabajo en la población trabajadora de la industria maquiladora de ropa en el Departamento de Cortés, Honduras, con la finalidad de fundamentar estrategias para la prevención. El diseño fue transversal, observacional y descriptivo. Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia habiendo participado 526 trabajadoras y trabajadores de la maquila de la confección de San Pedro Sula, Choloma, Villanueva y La Lima, del Departamento de Cortés, Honduras. Se aplicó una encuesta de uso epidemiológico. Se indagó sobre: datos generales, condiciones de trabajo, riesgos y exigencias laborales y sobre trastornos músculo-esqueléticos, depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Se definieron criterios de inclusión y de eliminación. El nivel de significancia fue establecido a p<0.05 y el estimador de los parámetros de interés fue reportado con su intervalo de confianza de 95%. El análisis de datos se realizó con el JMP8 de SAS Institute, Inc. Los trastornos músculoesqueléticos presentaron una tasa de 62 por cada 100 trabajadoras. La ansiedad, el distrés y la depresión se presentaron en 4 de cada 10 participantes. Las exigencias disergonómicas, los movimientos de fuerza con algunas partes del cuerpo, el no tomar agua para no ir al baño o disminuir el tiempo del almuerzo para alcanzar la meta de producción, se asociaron con los daños a la salud con valores de p<0.0001 y con prevalencias duplicadas. Se proponen medidas que impactan a la organización del trabajo.

The overall objective was to identify the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders and psychological conditions associated with working conditions and workplace environment in a population of garment assembly workers in the Department of Cortés, Honduras, as a basis for proposing prevention strategies. The study design was cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive. The study population consisted of a convenience sample of 526 garment workers in Honduran maquila plants in San Pedro Sula, Choloma, Villanueva and La Lima, Department of Cortés. An epidemiological survey was administered to participants, which asked about general information, working conditions, hazards and work demands; and musculoskeletal disorders, depression, anxiety and stress. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined, the significance level was set at p<0.05 and the estimates of the parameters of interest were reported with confidence intervals of 95%. Data analysis was carried out using JMP8 by SAS Institute, Inc. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was 62 per 100 workers. Anxiety, stress, or depression were reported by 4 out of 10 participants. Work requirements or conditions associated with adverse health were awkward postures, forceful movements, refraining from drinking water in order to not have to go to the bathroom, and reducing lunch breaks to reach production targets. The associations had significance p <0.0001 and these factors doubled the prevalence of health damage. Measures impacting work organization are proposed.

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las exigencias que demanda el trabajo a los académicos de tiempo completo en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y que tienen la opción de participar en los programas de estímulos económicos, así como su asociación con los daños a la salud física y mental, durante el 2012. La investigación fue de tipo observacional y transversal, en una muestra por conveniencia de 95 académicos. Se utilizó una encuesta de tipo epidemiológico para recabar información demográfica, condiciones del trabajo, exigencias, implicaciones de participar en programas de estímulos económicos y daños a la salud. Los datos se analizaron con el programa JMP8; controlando edad, género y antigüedad; estableciendo el nivel de significancia en p<0.05. La presencia femenina fue de 54% y la media de edad de 53.2 años. De 63% que participa en programas de estímulos, 50% considera que sus tareas NO tienen mayor calidad y 30% que sacrifica su trabajo en equipo. A esta muestra el trabajo les resulta satisfactorio pues les permite desarrollar habilidades y ampliar sus conocimientos. Las principales exigencias fueron cubrir cuotas de producción (77%) y realizar trabajos pendientes en días de descanso (71%). Hubo al menos tres padecimientos por académico cuya prevalencia la encabezaron: el distrés (38%), trastornos del sueño (35%) y ansiedad (34%). Las exigencias que se asumen para conseguir los estímulos se asociaron con los daños y lo mismo sucedió en quienes no participan pero sí están asumiendo una gran carga de trabajo para alcanzarlos.

The aim of this research project was to identify the job demands of fulltime academic faculty at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) who had been offered participation in an economic incentive program, and their association with adverse physical and mental health in 2012. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a convenience sample of 95 faculty members. A survey questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic information, work conditions, job demands, implications of participating in the incentive program, and adverse health effects. The data were analyzed using JMP8 software, and controlling for age, gender and seniority; a p-value less than or equal to 0.05 was regarded as stastically significant. Overal, 54% of the sample were women, with a mean age of 53.2 years. Sixty-three percent of respondents participated in the economic incentive program; of these, 50% considered the quality of their work had not improved, and another 30% felt it limited their participation in team work. Overall, they felt their work was satisfactory because it allows them to further develop their skills and knowledge. The main job demands were to meet productivity objectives (77%) and to have to work on non-work days (71%). Three adverse health effects were identified: distress (38%), sleep disorders (35%), and anxiety (34%). The demands related to achieving the economic incentive were associated with self-reported adverse health effects. A similar association was found among participants not in the economic incentive program, but with a large work load.