RESUMO

School burnout constitutes a current phenomenon which generates diverse negative consequences in the personal and academic lives of students. Given this situation, it is necessary to develop actions that permit us to regulate this harmful mental state and that are administered from within the school context. A descriptive and cross-sectional study is presented that pursues the objective of examining a structural equation model which brings together burnout and emotional regulation. The model assumes that students receive tutoring at school in order to tackle these types of problems. For this, the sample constituted a total of 569 students from the province of Granada (men = 52.3% (n = 298); women = 47.7% (n = 271)). Mean age was reported as 10.39 ± 0.95 years and the School Burnout Inventory (BMI) and the Emotional Regulation Scale were utilized as the principal instruments. As main findings it was observed that students who received one hour of weekly tutoring showed a positive relationship between expressive suppression as a strategy of emotional regulation, cynicism, and exhaustion as consequences of school burnout. In the same way, a direct association existed between burnout-related exhaustion and cognitive repair. Given that significant relationships could not be observed between these variables in students who do not receive tutoring, higher use of emotional regulation was confirmed amongst tutored students when faced with this negative mental state.

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RESUMO

The present study set out to define and contrast an explanatory model of perception of stress, the dimensions of burnout syndrome, emotional intelligence, and non-verbal communication in a sample of university teachers. A total of 1316 teachers from Spain, aged between 24 and 70 years (M = 45.64, SD = 10.33) and evenly distributed between both sexes, participated. The measurement instruments employed were the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24), and the Nonverbal Immediacy Scale (NIS) A structural equation model was produced that demonstrated adequate fit to the empirical data (130,259; df = 9; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.907; NIF = 0.914; IFI = 0.923; RMSEA = 0.077). Results revealed that stress relates positively with emotional exhaustion and negatively with personal fulfilment. Emotional exhaustion was associated directly with emotional attention and inversely with emotional clarity and emotional repair, with these being linked to personal fulfilment. Both emotional clarity and repair related positively with non-verbal communication. Conclusions from the present study are that emotional intelligence and body language are two relevant factors in the prevention of burnout syndrome, and as a result can help to ensure the mental wellbeing of university teachers.

RESUMO

Resumen Se presenta un estudio ex post-facto de tipo descriptivo de medición única en un solo grupo que tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre las conductas agresivas y de bullying de adolescentes en régimen de acogimiento residencial con su género y la práctica de actividad física. La participación de un total de 203 adolescentes en acogimiento residencial de la provincia de Granada (España) permitió el registro y la evaluación de las siguientes variables: conducta violenta, bullying, nivel de practica de actividad física y modalidad y parámetros sociodemográficos. Los resultados mostraron que los adolescentes varones en acogimiento residencial presentan medias más elevadas en agresividad manifiesta o directa, mientras que el género femenino presenta índices de agresividad relacional más elevados. Predomina la realización de actividad física mediante deportes colectivos de contacto, cuya práctica es más frecuente en varones. Asimismo, se aprecian valores similares por modalidad deportiva en comportamientos agresivos y de bullying en jóvenes en régimen de acogimiento resi dencial. Como principal conclusión se muestra que los comportamientos agresivos de tipo manifiesto y reactivo son los más comunes en los adolescentes en acogimiento residencial, lo que revela baja capacidad de autocontrol.

Abstract A retrospective, descriptive study, with a single measurement in a single group is presented, in order to analyse the relationship between aggressive and bullying behaviours in adolescents in residential care. A total of 203 adolescents in residential care from the province of Granada (Spain) participated and the following variables were evaluated: Aggres sive Behaviour, Bullying, Performance of Physical Activity, Modality of Physical Activity, and Socio-Demographic Factors. The results showed that male adolescents in residential care have higher averages in manifest or direct aggressiveness, whilst girls have higher rates of relational aggressiveness. The performance of physical activity is predominant, with con tact group sports, being more common in males. Moreover, similar values are shown by sports modality, aggressive behaviours and bullying, in adolescents in residential care. As a main conclusion, it is shown that overt aggressive behaviour of reactive type is most com mon in adolescents living in residential care, which highlights low capacity of self-control in this population.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a worldwide epidemic disease and a problem for the Chilean society. AIM: To analyze the relationship between physical condition, body mass index (BMI), level of physical activity and self-esteem. Material ad Methods: Questionnaires to assess self-esteem (Rosemberg scale) and levels of physical activity (Physical Activity Questionnaire for older Children, PAQ-C) were answered by 515 children aged 10.5 ± 0.5 years from 27 schools of Santiago de Chile. BMI was calculated. Course-Navette test was carried out, vertical jump and hand dynamometry were measured. For statistical analysis, structural equations were used. RESULTS: An acceptable goodness of fit for the models was found. There was a positive relationship between BMI and hand dynamometry, as well as a negative relationship between BMI and maximal oxygen consumption, jumping ability, physical activity and self-esteem. Finally, self-esteem was positively related to physical activity engagement. CONCLUSIONS: In these children, self-esteem was related to physical activity variables.

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Resumen El uso abusivo de videojuegos se asocia a consecuencias negativas para la salud, como son problemas músculo-esqueléticos, patología ocular o problemas cognitivos y emocionales. Ante esta problemática, múltiples estudios han demostrado como un estilo de vida activo mediante la práctica deportiva genera efectos positivos para la salud que rompen con las consecuencias del ocio digital sedentario. Este estudio de carácter descriptivo y corte transversal, realizado en una muestra de 490 estudiantes universitarios, tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre el clima motivacional hacia el deporte y el uso problemático de videojuegos, usando como principales instrumentos los cuestionarios CERV, CHCV y PMCSQ-2. Los resultados revelaron que aquellos universitarios que obtenían mayores puntuaciones en Clima Tarea y sus subcategorías eran los que menos problemas patológicos presentaban. Por el contrario, los participantes que padecían problemas potenciales o problemas severos, así como un nivel de uso y atracción medio, obtenían medias más elevadas en Clima Ego, Reconocimiento Desigual y Rivalidad entre Miembros. Se concluye que los universitarios con metas de logro en el deporte orientadas al Ego pueden presentar mayores problemas asociados al uso de videojuegos, principalmente por su búsqueda de motivaciones extrínsecas como la sensación de victoria, obtener mejor rendimiento que otros rivales o alcanzar nuevos retos. De este modo, resulta vital orientar la práctica deportiva a las motivaciones intrínsecas con el fin de evitar el abandono en el deporte y desarrollar una práctica más hedonista que se aleje de hábitos sedentarios.

Abstract Abusive use of video games is associated with negative health consequences, such as musculoskeletal problems, eye disease, or cognitive and emotional problems. In this sense, several studies have shown that an active lifestyle based on sport practice can generate positive health effects that discontinue the consequences of sedentary digital leisure. This descriptive and cross-sectional research was conducted on a sample of 490 university students. The main objective was to determine the relationship between problematic use of video games and motivational climate in sports, using as main instruments the CERV, CHCV, and PMCSQ-2 questionnaires. The results showed that those students who got a higher score on Task Climate and its categories were the participants who presented less pathological problems. By contrast, students who had potential or severe problems, as well as a medium level of use and attraction to video games, got a higher average in Ego Climate, Uneven Recognition, and Rivalry among Members. It is concluded that university students with achievement goals in sports that are oriented to Ego can show more problems associated with the use of video games, mainly because of its pursuit of extrinsic motivations like the feeling of victory, achievement of better performance in comparison with rivals or the quest for new challenges. Therefore, it is vital to promote a sport practice associated with intrinsic motivations in order to avoid sport abandonment and develop a more hedonistic practice to avert sedentary habits.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Obesity is a worldwide epidemic disease and a problem for the Chilean society. Aim: To analyze the relationship between physical condition, body mass index (BMI), level of physical activity and self-esteem. Material ad Methods: Questionnaires to assess self-esteem (Rosemberg scale) and levels of physical activity (Physical Activity Questionnaire for older Children, PAQ-C) were answered by 515 children aged 10.5 ± 0.5 years from 27 schools of Santiago de Chile. BMI was calculated. Course-Navette test was carried out, vertical jump and hand dynamometry were measured. For statistical analysis, structural equations were used. Results: An acceptable goodness of fit for the models was found. There was a positive relationship between BMI and hand dynamometry, as well as a negative relationship between BMI and maximal oxygen consumption, jumping ability, physical activity and self-esteem. Finally, self-esteem was positively related to physical activity engagement. Conclusions: In these children, self-esteem was related to physical activity variables.

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Son variados y frecuentes los estudios que intentan establecer la relación directa entre variables de tipo psicosocial y deportivo en la conducta violenta y agresiva de los adolescentes, pero pocos incluyen la relación con residir fuera del contexto familiar. De esta manera en este estudio se evalúa la agresividad y componentes de la misma en jóvenes adolescentes, determinando los niveles de práctica de actividad físico-deportiva así como el lugar de residencia de alumnos de ESO de la ciudad de Granada (España) y dictaminando posibles relaciones entre la agresividad, lugar de residencia y realización de actividad física continua. La participación de un total de 2.273 adolescentes permitió el registro y evaluación de las variables de conducta violenta (medida con la escala de conducta violenta en la escuela), lugar de residencia y práctica de actividad física. Los resultados mostraron que los adolescentes no residentes en el hogar familiar tenían mayores índices de agresividad que los residentes y que los que practicaban deporte de manera regular presentaban índices de agresividad manifiesta mayores que los sedentarios. Como principal conclusión indicamos la necesidad de elaborar más estudios que intenten dilucidar más detalladamente aquellas variables que pueden inducir a comportamientos agresivos.

The studies attempting to establish the relationship directly between psychosocial variables and sporty type in violent behavior and aggressive adolescents are varied and frequent, but few include the relationship with reside outside the family context. The aim in this study is evaluated aggressiveness and components thereof in young adolescents, determining practice levels of physical and sporting activities as well as the residence of ESO students from the city of Granada (Spain) ruling and possible relationships between aggressiveness, place of residence and conducting continuous physical activity. The participation of a total 2,273 adolescents allowed the recording and evaluation of variables violent behavior (as measured by the scale of violent behavior at school) place of residence and physical activity. The results showed non-residents adolescents in the family home had higher aggressiveness indexes residents and practicing the sport regularly they had higher rates of aggression manifests that sedentary. The main conclusion indicated the need for develop more studies that attempt to elucidate in more detail those variables that can lead to aggressive behavior.

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RESUMO

The Beighton test is the most commonly used tool for detecting ligamentous hiperlaxity, characterized by excessive joint mobility. This descriptive-transversal study examines a sample of 2956 children (49,9% boys and 50,1% girls), from eight to twelve years of age, living in the province of Granada, The study aims to show the incidence level of hiperlaxity among the school-aged population, while establishing its frequency in relation to gender and age, and determining the area with the highest number of cases within the province of Granada. The Beighton test was used for data collection. The sample showed that 25, 4% of individuals got a positive Beighton result (laxity), and girls had a higher incidence level (62,1%) than boys. The results show as well a similar level of incidence among boys and girls between eight and ten years of age; however, the incidence decreases among younger children (under 8 years). Regarding the geographical areas, the distribution is quite heterogeneous, but we were able to highlight the difference between a result of 50% in Area 4 and 12% in Area 2, due to genetic and racial factors. In conclusion, the results obtained through this study show a lower hiperlaxity incidence compared to the results found in the American continent and they are slightly higher than those from other European and African countries.