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Introducción: Aun son escasos los estudios que recomiendan los pacientes con fibrilación auricular en los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento físico en pacientes con fibrilación auricular en régimen de rehabilitación cardiovascular. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio pre-experimental, prospectivo, tipo pretest- postest con 18 pacientes con fibrilación auricular que asistieron durante 12 semanas a las sesiones de rehabilitación cardiaca. Se evaluó el paciente al inicio y finaldel programa con ergometría con gases espirados, análisis de sangre y ecocardiograma transtorácico. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo masculino (72.2 %), el diagnóstico de miocardiopatías (33.3 %), la hipertensión arterial (100 %) y la fibrilación auricular persistente de larga duración (55.6 %). Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa para cada variable morfofuncional: índice de masa corporal (28.0±5.0 vs. 26.9±4.4, p< 0.0001), consumo de oxígeno pico (13.6±3.0 vs. 15.3±2.9, p<0.0001), consumo de oxígeno en el umbral anaerobio (9.9±2.2 vs. 10.7±2.0; p=0.007), equivalente ventilatorio para dióxido de carbono (27.7±4.7 vs. 26.6±4.7; p<0.0001), equivalente ventilatorio para el oxígeno (24.2±5.0 vs. 23.8±4.9 p=0.001), pulso de oxígeno (10.2±2.5 vs. 12.1±2.1; p< 0,0001), unidades metabólicas (3.8±0.9 vs. 4.3±0.9; p<0.0001) y fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda (55,7±8,7 vs. 58,2±7,5, p=0,003). Las variables metabólicas disminuyeron significativamente (p<0.0001). La clase funcional de Weber mejoró en 5 pacientes (27.8 %). Conclusiones: El entrenamiento físico de pacientes con fibrilación auricular durante 12 semanas de rehabilitación cardiovascular mejoró la capacidad funcional, con incrementos evolutivos de la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda y disminución de las variables metabólicas, sin generar riesgos ni complicaciones.
Effects of physical training of patients with atrial fibrillation in cardiovascular rehabilitation regimen Introduction: There are still few studies that recommend patients with atrial fibrillation in cardiovascular rehabilitation programs. Objective: To evaluate the effects of physical training in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardiovascular rehabilitation. Method: A pre-experimental, prospective, pretest-posttest study was carried out with 18 patients with atrial fibrillation who attended cardiac rehabilitation sessions for 12 weeks. The patient was evaluated at the beginning and end of the program with stress test with expired gases, blood test and transthoracic echocardiogram. Results: The male sex (72.2%), the diagnosis of cardiomyopathies (33.3%), arterial hypertension (100%) and longterm persistent atrial fibrillation (55.6%) predominated. A statistically significant difference was found for each morphofunctional variable: body mass index (28.0±5.0 vs. 26.9±4.4, p<0.0001), peak oxygen consumption (13.6±3.0 vs. 15.3±2.9, p<0.0001), oxygen at the anaerobic threshold (9.9±2.2 vs. 10.7±2.0; p=0.007), ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (27.7±4.7 vs. 26.6±4.7; p<0.0001), ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (24.2± 5.0 vs. 23.8±4.9 p=0.001), oxygen pulse (10.2±2.5 vs. 12.1±2.1; p<0.0001), metabolic units (3.8±0.9 vs. 4.3±0.9; p<0.0001) and fraction of left ventricular ejection (55.7±8.7 vs. 58.2±7.5, p=0.003). The metabolic variables decreased significantly (p<0.0001). Weber's functional class improved in 5 patients (27.8%). Conclusions: Physical training of patients with atrial fibrillation during 12 weeks of cardiovascular rehabilitation improved functional capacity, with progressive increases in left ventricular ejection fraction and decrease in metabolic variables, without generating risks or complications.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Fibrilação Atrial/terapia , Exercício Físico , Cuba , Reabilitação Cardíaca/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In Cuba, 29,939 deaths from ischemic heart disease were recorded in 2020. Myocardial revascularization surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention are well-established methods of treating patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. These methods can reduce overall deaths, but choosing the optimal strategy for treating left main coronary ischemia is a source of debate among specialists. OBJECTIVE: Estimate survival and major cardiac and cerebrovascular events in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention versus myocardial revascularization surgery and their relationships with pre-existing patients' clinical and angiographic characteristics. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 41 patients; 35 men and 6 women aged 40-85 years who had been diagnosed with multivessel coronary artery disease and treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 17) or myocardial revascularization surgery (n = 24) at the Medical-Surgical Research Center in Havana, Cuba, in 2016. The main variable under consideration was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events over a four-year period following these interventions. We collected clinical and angiographic characteristics, and used the Kaplan-Meier test to calculate survival curves. Survival probabilities were compared using the log-rank test. A value of p ⟨ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio, with 95% confidence intervals used for both procedures. RESULTS: There were a total of 20 major adverse cardiovascular events, 75% (15/20) of which occurred in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and 5% in patients who had myocardial revascularization surgery. The probability of survival was 70.6% in surgery and 37.5% in interventionism; p = 0.043; hazard ratio 1.58 (95% confidence interval 0.987-2.530), p = 0.047. The need to repeat a revascularization procedure was the only major cardiovascular event that showed significant differences between methods (log-rank p = 0.015), and was more frequent in percutaneous intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial revascularization surgery offers a better chance of survival than percutaneous coronary intervention. Major adverse cardiovascular events are more frequent in patients with coronary interventionism, due to the need to repeat revascularization.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Cuba/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures have disrupted lifestyle habits and self-care. Gender differences in health behavior during the pandemic have not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate gender related differences in the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with cardiometabolic diseases. A cross-sectional survey was administered to cardiometabolic patients in 13 Latin American countries between June 15th and July 15th, 2020. The study included 4216 participants, of which 2147 (50.9%) were women. Women reported healthier eating habits as well as lower tobacco and alcohol consumption than men but exercised less and reported increased symptoms of depression. Low income and symptoms of depression were associated with sedentarism in women. The interplay between psychological factors and sedentarism could increase the risk of cardiovascular events in this population.
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COVID-19 , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has modified the cardiovascular care of ambulatory patients. The aim of this survey was to study changes in lifestyle habits, treatment adherence, and mental health status in patients with cardiometabolic disease, but no clinical evidence of COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in ambulatory patients with cardiometabolic disease using paper/digital surveys. Variables investigated included socioeconomic status, physical activity, diet, tobacco use, alcohol intake, treatment discontinuation, and psychological symptoms. Results: A total of 4,216 patients (50.9% males, mean age 60.3 ± 15.3 years old) from 13 Spanish-speaking Latin American countries were enrolled. Among the study population, 46.4% of patients did not have contact with a healthcare provider, 31.5% reported access barriers to treatments and 17% discontinued some medication. Multivariate analysis showed that non-adherence to treatment was more prevalent in the secondary prevention group: peripheral vascular disease (OR 1.55, CI 1.08-2.24; p = 0.018), heart failure (OR 1.36, CI 1.05-1.75; p = 0.017), and coronary artery disease (OR 1.29 CI 1.04-1.60; p = 0.018). No physical activity was reported by 38% of patients. Only 15% of patients met minimum recommendations of physical activity (more than 150 minutes/week) and vegetable and fruit intake. Low/very low income (45.5%) was associated with a lower level of physical activity (p < 0.0001), less fruit and vegetables intake (p < 0.0001), more tobacco use (p < 0.001) and perception of depression (p < 0.001). Low educational level was also associated with the perception of depression (OR 1.46, CI 1.26-1.70; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Patients with cardiometabolic disease but without clinical evidence of COVID-19 showed significant medication non-adherence, especially in secondary prevention patients. Deterioration in lifestyle habits and appearance of depressive symptoms during the pandemic were frequent and related to socioeconomic status.
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COVID-19 , Doenças Cardiovasculares/terapia , Depressão/psicologia , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Dieta , Dislipidemias/terapia , Exercício Físico , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/terapia , Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico , Fumar Cigarros/epidemiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Escolaridade , Feminino , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Hipertensão/terapia , América Latina/epidemiologia , Masculino , Saúde Mental , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Doenças Vasculares Periféricas/terapia , SARS-CoV-2 , Prevenção Secundária , Classe Social , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la factibilidad y los efectos sobre la capacidad funcional de un programa de entrenamiento físico supervisado, aplicado en pacientes con disfunción sistólica severa del ventrículo izquierdo después de infarto agudo de miocardio. Métodos: Se estudiaron 37 pacientes, de ambos sexos y sin límites de edad, con diagnóstico de disfunción sistólica severa del ventrículo izquierdo, después de haber sufrido un infarto agudo de miocardio, que consecutivamente se incorporaron al programa ambulatorio del Centro de Rehabilitación del Instituto de Cardiología. Se hicieron pruebas de esfuerzo máximas limitadas por síntomas con determinación de consumo de oxígeno, ecocardiogramas en reposo y ventriculografías isotópicas en reposo y esfuerzo a los 2, 8 y 18 meses de evolución, y un tiempo medio de seguimiento clínico de 4,1 años. A todos se les prescribió un régimen de entrenamiento físico moderado o intenso, durante un año como mínimo. Se consideró disfunción sistólica severa cuando la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo fue menor de 35%. Resultados: Todos los parámetros ergométricos que expresaron capacidad funcional incrementaron significativamente en la evaluación del octavo mes (p< 0,0005), permaneciendo invariables a los 18. La fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo media en reposo inicial fue de 28,3 ± 5,3%, la cual no mostró variaciones significativas con el esfuerzo ni con otros estudios evolutivos. La mortalidad total y la morbilidad de la serie fueron de 10,5% y 47,3%, respectivamente. Conclusión: El entrenamiento físico supervisado en pacientes infartados con disfunción sistólica severa de ventrículo izquierdo fue seguro y efectivo, y mejoró su calidad de vida, sin causar efectos negativos sobre la función ventricular.
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and effects on the functional capacity of a supervised physical training programme carried out on patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction after an acute myocardial infarction. Methods: The study included a total of 37 patients, males and females of any age, with a diagnosis of severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction after having suffered an acute myocardial infarction. They were consecutively included into the ambulatory programme of the Institute of Cardiology Rehabilitation Centre. Maximum effort tests, limited by symptoms, were performed to determine oxygen consumption. Echocardiograms were also performed at rest, with isotopic ventriculography at rest and then at 2, 8, and 18 months. The mean clinical follow-up was 4.1 years. They were all prescribed to a moderate or intense training programme for at least one year. Severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction was considered when the left ventricular ejection fraction was less than 35%. Results: All the ergometric parameters that expressed functional capacity increased significantly in the evaluation at 8 months (P< .0005), and remained at 18 months. The initial mean left ventricular ejection fraction at rest was 28.3 ± 5.3%, which showed no significant changes with effort or in the other evaluation times. The overall mortality and morbidity of the series was 10.5% and 47.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Supervised physical training in patients after an acute myocardial infarction and with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction was safe and effective, and improved the quality of life, without causing negative effects on ventricular function.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Exercício Físico , Insuficiência Cardíaca Sistólica , Estudo de Avaliação , Reabilitação Cardíaca , InfartoRESUMO
Resumen Objetivos Identificar los factores alimentarios y nutricionales de riesgo o protectores para el control del asma. Materiales y Método Investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa realizada en el Hospital pediátrico William Soler de La Habana, Cuba. Se realizaron grupos de discusión y un estudio de casos y controles con muestras relacionadas. Resultados El 45% del grupo de casos fueron evaluados como sobrepesos y obesos y el 65% de baja talla para su edad. Cumplir con una frecuencia de 6-7 veces por semana con el desayuno, almuerzo y las meriendas de mañana y tarde, se asoció al control. Los casos consumen más energía alimentaria que los controles, con la excepción de las vitaminas A y E, el ácido fólico y el calcio. Conclusiones El análisis realizado permitió identificar factores alimentarios y nutricionales de riesgo o protectores en el control del asma.
Abstract Objective To identify food and nutritional risk factors or protectors for asthma control. Method Qualitative and quantitative research conducted at the William Soler Pediatric Hospital, Havana, Cuba. Discussion: Groups and a case-control study with related samples were conducted. Results 45% of the case group were evaluated as overweighted and obese and 65% were short for their age. Comply with a frequency of 6-7 times per week with breakfast, lunch and afternoon snacks, associated with control. Cases consume more food energy than controls, with the exception of vitamins A and E, folic acid and calcium. Conclusions The analysis made possible to identify food and nutritional risk factors or protectors in asthma control.
Resumo Objetivo Identificar o risco alimentar e nutricional ou fatores de proteção para o controle da asma. Materiais e Métodos Pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa realizada no Hospital Pediátrico William Soler em Havana, Cuba. Grupos de discussão e um estudo de caso-controle foram realizados com amostras relacionadas. Resultados 45% do grupo de casos foram avaliados como sobrepeso e obesidade e 65% baixos para a idade. Cumprir uma frequência de 6-7 vezes por semana com café da manhã, almoço e lanches da manhã e da tarde, foi associado ao controle. Os casos consomem mais energia da dieta do que os controles, com exceção das vitaminas A e E, ácido fólico e cálcio. Conclusões A análise realizada permitiu identificar riscos alimentares e nutricionais ou fatores de proteção no controle da asma.
Résumé Objectifs Identifier les facteurs alimentaires et nutritionnels de risque ou de protection pour le contrôle de l'asthme. Méthode Recherche qualitative et quantitative menée á l'hôpital pédiatrique William Soler, La Havane, Cuba. Des groupes de discussion et une étude de cas-témoins avec des échantillons apparentés ont été réalisés. Résultats 45 % du groupe de cas ont été évalués comme étant en surpoids ou obèses et 65 % comme étant de petite taille pour leur âge. Le contrôle de l'asthme a été associé á une fréquence de réalisation du petit déjeuner, du déjeuner et des collations du matin et de l'après-midi de 6 á 7 fois par semaine. Les cas consomment plus d'énergie alimentaire et de micronutriments que les témoins, á l'exception des vitamines A et E, de l'acide folique et du calcium. Conclusions L'analyse effectuée a permis d'identifier les facteurs alimentaires et nutritionnels de risque ou de protection dans le contrôle de l'asthme.
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ABSTRACT The SARS-CoV-2, a newly identified β-coronavirus, is the causative agent of the third large-scale pandemic from the last two decades. The outbreak started in December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China. The patients presented clinical symptoms of dry cough, fever, dyspnea, and bilateral lung infiltrates on imaging. By February 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) named the disease as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Coronavirus Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) recognized and designated this virus as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 uses the same host receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), used by SARS-CoV to infect humans. One hypothesis of SARSCoV-2 origin indicates that it is likely that bats serve as reservoir hosts for SARSCoV-2, being the intermediate host not yet determined. The predominant route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is from human to human. As of May 10th 2020, the number of worldwide confirmed COVID-19 cases is over 4 million, while the number of global deaths is around 279.000 people. The United States of America (USA) has the highest number of COVID-19 cases with over 1.3 million cases followed by Spain, Italy, United Kingdom, Russia, France and Germany with over 223.000, 218.000, 215.000, 209.000, 176.000, and 171.000 cases, respectively.
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Humanos , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Betacoronavirus , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19RESUMO
The SARS-CoV-2, a newly identified ß-coronavirus, is the causative agent of the third large-scale pandemic from the last two decades. The outbreak started in December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China. The patients presented clinical symptoms of dry cough, fever, dyspnea, and bilateral lung infiltrates on imaging. By February 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) named the disease as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Coronavirus Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) recognized and designated this virus as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 uses the same host receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), used by SARS-CoV to infect humans. One hypothesis of SARSCoV-2 origin indicates that it is likely that bats serve as reservoir hosts for SARSCoV-2, being the intermediate host not yet determined. The predominant route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is from human to human. As of May 10th 2020, the number of worldwide confirmed COVID-19 cases is over 4 million, while the number of global deaths is around 279.000 people. The United States of America (USA) has the highest number of COVID-19 cases with over 1.3 million cases followed by Spain, Italy, United Kingdom, Russia, France and Germany with over 223.000, 218.000, 215.000, 209.000, 176.000, and 171.000 cases, respectively.
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Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Introducción: para el Sistema Cubano de Farmacovigilancia, es importante la detección de efectos adversos ocasionales, raros o muy raros e incluso no descritos, este es el punto de partida para generar hipótesis de relaciones causales entre la administración de un fármaco y la aparición de un determinado efecto adverso. Objetivo: describir las reacciones adversas tipo B en Cuba notificadas al sistema de farmacovigilancia y las bases inmunológicas para su interpretación. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación documental y análisis de contenido de las publicaciones identificadas en la literatura nacional e internacional que tratan el tema. Resultados: se presentan los elementos teóricos metodológicos para el abordaje de la seguridad del consumo de medicamentos, farmacovigilancia y reacciones adversas a medicamentos, así como su interpretación inmunológica y perfil de baja frecuencia tipo B. Conclusiones: el perfil de reacciones adversas tipo B en Cuba es alto por lo que el estudio de estas teniendo en cuanta su interpretación inmunológica resulta información valiosa para la caracterización de la seguridad de los medicamentos y para la toma de decisiones en salud (AU).
Introduction: for the Cuban System of Pharmacovigilance, the detection occasionally adverse, rare or very rare, and even non-described is important. This is the starting point to generate hypotheses of casual relations between drug administration and the emergency of a determinate adverse effect. Objective: to describe the type B adverse reactions in Cuba that have been notified to the pharmacovigilance system and the immunologic bases for their interpretation. Material and methods: it was carried out a documental research and a content analysis of the identified national and international publications dealing with the theme. Results: the theoretical and methodological elements for dealing with drug consumption security, pharmacovigilance and drug adverse reactions are given, and also their immunologic interpretation and type B low-frequency profile. Conclusions: the type B adverse reaction´s profile in Cuba is high; therefore their study, taking into account their immunologic interpretation is a valuable information for characterizing drugs security and for taking decisions in public health care (AU).
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Humanos , Avaliação de Medicamentos/efeitos adversos , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Alergia e Imunologia , Farmacovigilância , Perfil de Saúde , Sistemas de Saúde , Controle de Medicamentos e Entorpecentes , Assistência ao PacienteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Peanut allergy is increasing at an alarming pace in developed countries. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is a common food in Cuba. Nevertheless, reported values of sensitization and symptom severity are usually low. As our objective, we carried out an evaluation of allergic sensitivity to perform an assessment of allergic sensitization and IgE specificity profile to peanut allergens in Cuban allergic patients. METHODS: The Skin Prick Test (SPT) was performed for each patient, using two glycerinated allergenic extracts, prepared from raw or roasted peanuts. Overall, 316 food allergic patients (159 adults and 157 children) attending allergy services at four hospitals in Havana were included, as well as 303 adult non- allergic volunteers. The IgE binding profile of 26 selected SPT positive patients was further analyzed by immunoblotting. RESULTS: The prevalence of sensitization to peanut was 4.6% in general adult population, whereas in adult food-allergic patients it was 18.6%. Prevalence rates were even greater in food allergic children achieving 25.8%. Sensitization frequencies were apparently greater for roasted, as compared to raw peanuts, although the difference was not significant (p> 0.05, Mc Nemar's). IgE binding was shown mostly by the 15 and 17 kDa bands, tentatively identified as the major allergens Ara h 2 and Ara h 6. The IgG4 binding profile was similar to IgE, although with more prominence of the bands at 37 and 28 KDa, corresponding to an Ara h 3 fragment and Peanut Agglutinin. DISCUSSION: The study estimated a relatively high prevalence of peanut sensitization in population. Data reported here suggest that IgE sensitization in Cuban patients is focused mostly on MW bands corresponding to the major allergens Ara h 6 and Ara h 2. CONCLUSIONS: Sensitization to peanut allergen is indeed relatively frequent in Cuba. The IgE profile is congruent to a sensitization pattern by ingestion of roasted peanuts and is directed to well-known major allergens.