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Color reintegration is a restoration treatment that involves applying paint or colored plaster to an object of cultural heritage to facilitate its perception and understanding. This study examines the impact of lighting on the visual appearance of one such restored piece: a tiled skirting panel from the Nasrid period (1238-1492), permanently on display at the Museum of the Alhambra (Spain). Spectral images in the range of 380-1080 nm were obtained using a hyperspectral image scanner. CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color coordinates at each pixel were computed assuming the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer and considering ten relevant illuminants proposed by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE): D65 plus nine white LEDs. Four main hues (blue, green, yellow, and black) can be distinguished in the original and reintegrated areas. For each hue, mean color difference from the mean (MCDM), CIEDE2000 average distances, volumes, and overlapping volumes were computed in the CIELAB space by comparing the original and the reintegrated zones. The study reveals noticeable average color differences between the original and reintegrated areas within tiles: 6.0 and 4.7 CIEDE2000 units for the yellow and blue tiles (with MCDM values of 3.7 and 4.5 and 5.8 and 7.2, respectively), and 16.6 and 17.8 CIEDE2000 units for the black and green tiles (with MCDM values of 13.2 and 12.2 and 10.9 and 11.3, respectively). The overlapping volume of CIELAB clouds of points corresponding to the original and reintegrated areas ranges from 35% to 50%, indicating that these areas would be perceived as different by observers with normal color vision for all four tiles. However, average color differences between the original and reintegrated areas changed with the tested illuminants by less than 2.6 CIEDE2000 units. Our current methodology provides useful quantitative results for evaluation of the color appearance of a reintegrated area under different light sources, helping curators and museum professionals to choose optimal lighting.
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Objective: To introduce MexOMICS, a Mexican Consortium focused on establishing electronic databases to collect, cross-reference, and share health-related and omics data on the Mexican population. Methods: Since 2019, the MexOMICS Consortium has established three electronic-based registries: the Mexican Twin Registry (TwinsMX), Mexican Lupus Registry (LupusRGMX), and the Mexican Parkinson's Research Network (MEX-PD), designed and implemented using the Research Electronic Data Capture web-based application. Participants were enrolled through voluntary participation and on-site engagement with medical specialists. We also acquired DNA samples and Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans in subsets of participants. Results: The registries have successfully enrolled a large number of participants from a variety of regions within Mexico: TwinsMX (n = 2,915), LupusRGMX (n = 1,761) and MEX-PD (n = 750). In addition to sociodemographic, psychosocial, and clinical data, MexOMICS has collected DNA samples to study the genetic biomarkers across the three registries. Cognitive function has been assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in a subset of 376 MEX-PD participants. Furthermore, a subset of 267 twins have participated in cognitive evaluations with the Creyos platform and in MRI sessions acquiring structural, functional, and spectroscopy brain imaging; comparable evaluations are planned for LupusRGMX and MEX-PD. Conclusions: The MexOMICS registries offer a valuable repository of information concerning the potential interplay of genetic and environmental factors in health conditions among the Mexican population.
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BACKGROUND: There is a lack of knowledge about the career paths and employment situation of young medical oncologists. The aim of our study was to evaluate the current professional standing of these professionals in Spain. METHODS: The Spanish Society of Medical Oncology + MIR section conducted a national online survey in May 2021 of young medical oncology consultants (< 6 years of expertise) and final year medical oncology residents. RESULTS: A total of 162 responses were eligible for analysis and included participants from 16 autonomous communities; 64% were women, 80% were consultants, and 20% were residents. More than half of the participants performed routine healthcare activity and only 7% research activity. Almost three quarters (73%) were subspecialized in a main area of interest and almost half of these chose this area because it was the only option available after residency. Half of the respondents (51%) considered working abroad and 81% believed the professional standing in Spain was worse than in other countries. After finishing their residency, only 22 were offered a job at their training hospital. Just 16% of participants had a permanent employment contract and 87% were concerned (score of ≥ 5 on a scale of 1-10) about their job stability. In addition, one quarter of the participants in our study showed an interest in increasing their research activity. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of subspecialty in medical oncology may depend on job opportunities after residency rather than personal interest. The abundance of temporary contracts may have influenced the job stability concerns observed. Future mentoring strategies should engage in building a long-term career path for young medical oncologists.
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Oncologia , Oncologistas , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários , EmpregoRESUMO
An ironic statement transmits the opposite meaning to its literal counterpart and is one of the most complex communicative acts. Thus, it has been proposed to be a good indicator of social communication ability. Prosody and facial expression are two crucial paralinguistic cues that can facilitate the understanding of ironic statements. The primary aim of this study was to create and evaluate a task of irony identification that could be used in neuroimaging studies. We independently evaluated three cues, contextual discrepancy, prosody and facial expression, and selected the best cue that would lead participants in fMRI studies to identify a stimulus as ironic in a reliable way. This process included the design, selection, and comparison of the three cues, all of which have been previously associated with irony detection. The secondary aim was to correlate irony comprehension with specific cognitive functions. Results showed that psycholinguistic properties could differentiate irony from other communicative acts. The contextual discrepancy, prosody, and facial expression were relevant cues that helped detect ironic statements; with contextual discrepancy being the cue that produced the highest classification accuracy and classification time. This task can be used successfully to test irony comprehension in Spanish speakers using the cue of interest. The correlation of irony comprehension with cognitive functions did not yield consistent results. A more heterogeneous sample of participants and a broader battery of tests may be needed to find reliable cognitive correlates of irony comprehension.
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Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in females in Argentina, with an incidence rate similar to that in the USA. However, the contribution of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation in breast cancer incidence has not yet been investigated in Argentina. In order to evaluate which BRCA1 polymorphisms or mutations characterize female breast cancer in Argentina, the current study enrolled 206 females with breast cancer from several hospitals from the southeast of Argentina. A buccal smear sample was obtained in duplicate from each patient and the DNA samples were processed for polymorphism analysis using the single-strand conformational polymorphism technique. The polymorphisms in BRCA1 were investigated using a combination of 15 primers to analyze exons 2, 3, 5, 20 and 11 (including the 11.1 to 11.12 regions). The BRCA1 mutations were confirmed by direct sequencing. Samples were successfully examined from 154 females and, among these, 16 mutations were identified in the BRCA1 gene representing 13.9% of the samples analyzed. One patient was identified with a polymorphism in exon 2 (0.86%), four in exon 20 (3.48%), four in exon 11.3 (3.48%), one in exon 11.7 (0.86%), two in exon 11.8 (1.74%), one in exon 11.10 (0.86%) and one in exon 11.11 (0.86%). The most prevalent alteration in BRCA1 was located in exon 11 (11 out of 16 patients; 68.75%). The objective of our next study is to evaluate the prevalence of mutations in the BRCA2 gene and analyze the BRCA1 gene in the healthy relatives of BRCA1 mutation carriers.
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Anomalous pulmonary venous connection is a rare pathology, both partial and total forms, according to the number of pulmonary veins draining into the left atrium, respectively. Total forms are classified into four groups, depending upon the anomalous connections to the systemic veins: supra, intracardiac or below, and finally a mixed form, the less frequent. Prenatal, even postnatal diagnose is difficult, especially in partial isolated forms. The association with chromosomal abnormalities is low, however is highly associated with complex heart malformations, especially total forms, often in the context of heterotaxy syndromes. We present a case of infracardiac APVC, in the context of complex heart disease, associated with complete atrioventricular canal and conotruncal anomaly, that came to surgery at 48 hours of life with poor outcome. We described the ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography of this anomaly and its perinatal prognosis and management.
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Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Prognóstico , Veias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias Pulmonares/cirurgiaRESUMO
Objetivo. Se investigó el tipo de preparación académica y de relación laboral que tienen los profesores de escuelas de medicina mexicanos. Métodos. Se consideraron las modalidades de preparación académica como formal e informal, y las de la relación laboral como primaria y secundaria. Se consideró que la relación con la educación médica es profesional cuando fue formal y primaria. Se estudiaron 436 profesores de medicina escogidos al azar en 10 escuelas de medicina en México. Resultados. Sólo el 2.8 por ciento (n=12) tuvo relación profesional con la educación médica. En las escuelas privadas la proporción se redujó a 1.3 por ciento (n=1). Conclusiones. La educación médica constituyó el quehacer profesional de un pequeño número de profesores. La educación médica parece estarse dando como una actividad secundaria e informal de un gran número de docentes
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Humanos , Currículo , Coleta de Dados , Educação de Pós-Graduação/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação Educacional , Faculdades de Medicina/classificação , Faculdades de Medicina/economia , Faculdades de Medicina , Financiamento Governamental , Organização do Financiamento , Prática Profissional , Distribuição Aleatória , EspecializaçãoRESUMO
Para evaluar la importancia de la inmediata observación del examen en fresco entre porta y cubreobjetos del flujo vaginal, para la investigación de Trichomonas vaginalis, se procesaron 500 muestras en dos grupos de mujeres que concurían para ser estudiadas en dos centros asistenciales de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina), 250 pacientes en cada lugar. En el Centro "A" las muestras se procesaron inmediatamente, mientras que en el "B" la observación en fresco entre porta y cubreobjetos al microscopio óptico se realizó luego de transcurrida una hora y media y antes de las dos horas luego de la extracción. En ambos lugares se completó el estudio con coloraciones con May Grunwald Giemsa. La diferencia entre el examen en fresco tardío y el fresco inmediato fue de 16,36 puntos a favor de este último. Para obtener resultados equivalentes, si el examen en fresco resultare negativo para T. vaginalis siempre hay que efectuar una coloración de May Grunwald Giemsa. Solo así los valores predictivos de resultados negativos serán comparables
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Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Citodiagnóstico/métodos , Trichomonas vaginalis/isolamento & purificação , Vaginite por Trichomonas/diagnóstico , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodos , Leucorreia/parasitologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Trichomonas vaginalis/patogenicidade , Vaginite por Trichomonas/etiologiaRESUMO
Con el objetivo de determinar la cobertura de inmunización contra el tetanos, aplicada en mujeres de edad fértil en los barrios La Herradura y Hamarat, de Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo logicoestadístico durante el período mayo-septiembre de 1991. De un total de 196 mujeres encuestadas, 55 (28.1 por ciento ) pertenecen a La Herradura y 141 (71.9 por ciento ) viven en Hamarat. El estudio reveló que la edad de 20-24 años tuvo una mayor frecuencia de números de casos con 42 (21.4 por ciento ), la escolaridad secundaria con 89 (45.5 por ciento ) y en cuanto al estado civil las casadas registraron 95 casos (48.5 por ciento ). Hubo 159 mujeres vacunadas en edad fértil (81.1 por ciento ) y 37 no vacunadas (18.9 por ciento )