RESUMO
Introduction: Food allergy affects 2-10% of the general population; it is more frequent among children than among adults, and it is one of the leading causes of anaphylaxis. Diagnosis of food allergy requires a detailed medical history, skin tests, specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) tests for the food involved, and an oral challenge as final confirmation. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients who underwent oral food challenges for suspected food allergies in a reference center in Colombia. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted. Data were retrospectively collected from patients who were evaluated in the allergology service and suspected of food allergy from 2011 to 2018. Quantitative variables are presented as means or medians depending on the normality of the distribution (assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk test), and categorical variables are presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: A total of 215 controlled open challenges were performed on 176 patients, most of whom were children (69%). Thirty-one patients (17%) required another oral challenge with a second food, and 11 (6.25%) required another oral challenge with three foods. Twelve oral challenges (5.58%) were positive. Of these, five challenges were positive for cow's milk, 5 were positive for shrimp, and 2 were positive for legumes (peanuts and lentils). Conclusion: The frequency of confirmed food allergies and the profile of food allergies in our population differs from that reported in other parts of the world.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade Alimentar , Adulto , Criança , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/epidemiologia , Hospitais , Alimentos MarinhosRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: En la práctica clínica las infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos son frecuentes y pueden ser responsables de sepsis y complicaciones graves. Objetivo: Determinar las variables asociadas con la prescripción de antimicrobianos en pacientes con diagnóstico de infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos en un hospital de primer nivel de atención. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, en pacientes hospitalizados por infecciones de piel entre el 1 enero y 31 diciembre de 2014 en Hospital de La Virginia, Risaralda. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, farmacológicas a partir de las historias clínicas. Se definió que el tratamiento era adecuado cuando había correlación entre el diagnóstico de cada paciente registrado según la Clasificación Internacional de las Enfermedades -10 como infección purulenta o no purulenta, severidad y el medicamento prescrito. Se realizó análisis multivariado. Resultados: Se identificaron 309 pacientes en quienes las penicilinas fueron los antibióticos iniciales más formulados (81,7 %); el 74,8 % recibió tratamiento antibiótico indicado. La comedicación más frecuentemente encontrada fue con antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (61,2 %). Recibir el primer antibiótico por vía oral tuvo menor probabilidad de que la prescripción fuese inadecuada (OR: 0,2; IC95 %:0,1-0,4). Conclusión: Los datos obtenidos deben ser destinados para mejorar las prescripciones y permitir la implementación de planes de capacitación que contribuyan a que la terapia sea más efectiva y segura.
Abstract Introduction: Infections of skin and soft tissues are common in clinical practice, which may even be responsible for sepsis and severe complications. Objective: To describe the prescription of antimicrobials and variables associated with their use in patients with diagnosis of infections of skin and soft tissues in a primary care hospital. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study in patients hospitalized for infections of the skin between 1 January and 31 December 2014. A simple random sampling was performed. Were included sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological variables from medical records. Treatment was defined as adequate when there was a correlation between the diagnosis of each patient according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) as purulent or non-purulent infection, severity (mild, moderate or severe) and prescribed medication. Multivariate analysis using. SPSS 22.0. Results: A total of 309 patients were included, and the penicillins corresponded to the initial most formulated antibiotics (81.7 % of cases); 231patients (74.8 %) had well indicated antibiotic treatment. Comorbid conditions most frequently found in patients of this cohort were antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (61.2 %). Receiving the first oral antibiotic was less likely that the prescription was inadequate (OR:0.215;IC95 %:0.115-0.400). Conclusion: The data obtained should be aim to improving prescriptions and should allow implement training plans that contribute to therapy more effective and safe.