RESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in newborn rats submitted to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) conditions in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis. METHODS: Eight pregnant rats and their 70 cubs were used (5 groups) and exposed to H/R conditions and received NAC at different times. The animals in the H/R groups were placed in a gas chamber (100% CO2) for 10 minutes and then reoxygenated for 10 minutes (100% O2), twice a day for the first three days of life, with a six-hour span between events. On the third day of life, the animals were anesthetized, laparotomized and the intestines were resected. RESULTS: The H/R and NAC groups showed changes in the intestinal wall in relation to the number, height and width of the villi when compared to the control group (p<0.0001), but with better preservation of structures in the NAC group. There were no differences between groups regarding the number (%) of mitoses. CONCLUSION: The administration of NAC decreased the lesions in the intestinal wall of rats submitted to H/R, therefore suggesting that this drug can be used to prevent the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns.
Assuntos
Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Enterocolite Necrosante/prevenção & controle , Hipóxia/patologia , Íleo/efeitos dos fármacos , Íleo/patologia , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Ratos Wistar , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Purpose To evaluate the effect of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in newborn rats submitted to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) conditions in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Methods Eight pregnant rats and their 70 cubs were used (5 groups) and exposed to H/R conditions and received NAC at different times. The animals in the H/R groups were placed in a gas chamber (100% CO2) for 10 minutes and then reoxygenated for 10 minutes (100% O2), twice a day for the first three days of life, with a six-hour span between events. On the third day of life, the animals were anesthetized, laparotomized and the intestines were resected. Results The H/R and NAC groups showed changes in the intestinal wall in relation to the number, height and width of the villi when compared to the control group (p 0.0001), but with better preservation of structures in the NAC group. There were no differences between groups regarding the number (%) of mitoses. Conclusion The administration of NAC decreased the lesions in the intestinal wall of rats submitted to H/R, therefore suggesting that this drug can be used to prevent the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Histologia , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Hipóxia/veterinária , Acetilcisteína/uso terapêutico , Intestinos/lesões , Enterocolite Necrosante/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effect of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in newborn rats submitted to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) conditions in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Methods Eight pregnant rats and their 70 cubs were used (5 groups) and exposed to H/R conditions and received NAC at different times. The animals in the H/R groups were placed in a gas chamber (100% CO2) for 10 minutes and then reoxygenated for 10 minutes (100% O2), twice a day for the first three days of life, with a six-hour span between events. On the third day of life, the animals were anesthetized, laparotomized and the intestines were resected. Results The H/R and NAC groups showed changes in the intestinal wall in relation to the number, height and width of the villi when compared to the control group (p<0.0001), but with better preservation of structures in the NAC group. There were no differences between groups regarding the number (%) of mitoses. Conclusion The administration of NAC decreased the lesions in the intestinal wall of rats submitted to H/R, therefore suggesting that this drug can be used to prevent the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Enterocolite Necrosante/prevenção & controle , Íleo/efeitos dos fármacos , Íleo/patologia , Hipóxia/patologia , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Tempo , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resultado do Tratamento , Ratos Wistar , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
The embryology of anorectal malformation (ARM) is a controversial issue. The study in humans is difficult due to the scarcity of fetuses with this anomaly. Therefore, ARM animal models, naturally obtained or induced by drugs, have been employed to understand physiopathology and possible treatments. Pigs, rabbits, rats, and mice have been employed as animal models. Additionally, many drugs have been used with this purpose: Etretinate, Ethylenethiourea, and Adriamycin. The animal more frequently used is the rat because of good reproducibility, low cost, and easy handling. Pig is a good model, but it is expensive, and difficult to handling and lodging. Concerning the drugs, Adriamycin promotes a more severe ARM compared with Ethylenethiourea. The models of ARM are of value in the understanding of the embryologic development. Nowadays, researches are aimed at identifying the molecular mechanism of this process, providing the basis for the application of tissue engineering in future experiments with ARM.
Assuntos
Malformações Anorretais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica/métodos , Animais , Malformações Anorretais/etiologia , Malformações Anorretais/fisiopatologia , Malformações Anorretais/terapia , HumanosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the functional and structural response of tadalafil effects in the intestinal mucosa, using an experimental model of hypoxia and reoxygenation injury in rats. METHODS: The animals were divided into 4 groups: CTL, H/R, H/R+Td and M+Td. The newborn rats allocated in groups H/R, H/R+Td and M+Td were submitted twice a day, to a gas chamber with CO2 at 100% for 10 minutes and afterward reoxygenation with O2 at 98% for 10 minutes, in the three first days of life. Tadalafil dose was given to newborn of group H/R+Td and to the pregnant rat of group M+Td. Histological analysis was made with hematoxylin-eosin technique and oxidative stress through nitrite and nitrate levels and lipid peroxidation. RESULTS: The histological analysis showed a reduction of mucosa alterations in the groups that received tadalafil. In the oxidative stress evaluation, occurred an increase of NO levels and less lipidic peroxidation in the ileum segments that received tadalafil. CONCLUSION: Tadalafil provides tissue protection when administered independently to both, pregnant or newborns.
Assuntos
Hipóxia/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/farmacologia , Tadalafila/farmacologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Feminino , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Malondialdeído/análise , Nitratos/análise , Nitritos/análise , Gravidez , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Purpose: To evaluate the functional and structural response of tadalafil effects in the intestinal mucosa, using an experimental model of hypoxia and reoxygenation injury in rats. Methods: The animals were divided into 4 groups: CTL, H/R, H/R+Td and M+Td. The newborn rats allocated in groups H/R, H/R+Td and M+Td were submitted twice a day, to a gas chamber with CO2 at 100% for 10 minutes and afterward reoxygenation with O2 at 98% for 10 minutes, in the three first days of life. Tadalafil dose was given to newborn of group H/R+Td and to the pregnant rat of group M+Td. Histological analysis was made with hematoxylin-eosin technique and oxidative stress through nitrite and nitrate levels and lipid peroxidation. Results: The histological analysis showed a reduction of mucosa alterations in the groups that received tadalafil. In the oxidative stress evaluation, occurred an increase of NO levels and less lipidic peroxidation in the ileum segments that received tadalafil. Conclusion: Tadalafil provides tissue protection when administered independently to both, pregnant or newborns.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Tadalafila/uso terapêutico , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipóxia/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipóxia/veterinária , Mucosa Intestinal/anatomia & histologia , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Enterocolite Necrosante/tratamento farmacológico , Enterocolite Necrosante/veterináriaRESUMO
Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the functional and structural response of tadalafil effects in the intestinal mucosa, using an experimental model of hypoxia and reoxygenation injury in rats. Methods: The animals were divided into 4 groups: CTL, H/R, H/R+Td and M+Td. The newborn rats allocated in groups H/R, H/R+Td and M+Td were submitted twice a day, to a gas chamber with CO2 at 100% for 10 minutes and afterward reoxygenation with O2 at 98% for 10 minutes, in the three first days of life. Tadalafil dose was given to newborn of group H/R+Td and to the pregnant rat of group M+Td. Histological analysis was made with hematoxylin-eosin technique and oxidative stress through nitrite and nitrate levels and lipid peroxidation. Results: The histological analysis showed a reduction of mucosa alterations in the groups that received tadalafil. In the oxidative stress evaluation, occurred an increase of NO levels and less lipidic peroxidation in the ileum segments that received tadalafil. Conclusion: Tadalafil provides tissue protection when administered independently to both, pregnant or newborns.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/farmacologia , Tadalafila/farmacologia , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Distribuição Aleatória , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Ratos Wistar , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Malondialdeído/análise , Nitratos/análise , Nitritos/análiseRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of atenolol in inflammatory mediator and oxidative stress in a myocardial injury by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rat model. METHODS: Adult Wistar male rats were randomly (n=8), anesthetized and divided in: Sham: submitted to operation only; group SS+IR: intravenous saline infusion following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and open for 120 minutes (reperfusion); group AT+IR: intravenous atenolol infusion (2 mg/kg) following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and open for 120 minutes (reperfusion); and group AT+I+AT+R: intravenous atenolol infusion following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and in the time 45 minutes other atenolol doses were administrated and the artery was open for 120 minutes (reperfusion), all animals were submitted to muscular relaxation for mechanical ventilation. In the end of experiment the animals were euthanized and the hearts tissue were morphology analyzed by histology and malondialdehyde by ELISA, and the plasma were analyzed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha by ELISA. RESULTS: The group SS+IR demonstrated the higher malondialdehyde levels when compared with the atenolol treated-groups (p=0.001) in the heart tissue. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha level in plasma decrease in the treated groups when compared with SS+IR group (p=0.001). Histology analyses demonstrate pyknosis, edema, cellular vacuolization, presence of inflammatory infiltrate and band contraction in the heart tissue of the rats. CONCLUSION: Atenolol significantly reduce the degree of cardiac damage after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Atenolol/farmacologia , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Intestinos/irrigação sanguínea , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacocinética , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Atenolol/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Artéria Mesentérica Superior , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effects of atenolol in inflammatory mediator and oxidative stress in a myocardial injury by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rat model. Methods: Adult Wistar male rats were randomly (n=8), anesthetized and divided in: Sham: submitted to operation only; group SS+IR: intravenous saline infusion following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and open for 120 minutes (reperfusion); group AT+IR: intravenous atenolol infusion (2 mg/kg) following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and open for 120 minutes (reperfusion); and group AT+I+AT+R: intravenous atenolol infusion following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and in the time 45 minutes other atenolol doses were administrated and the artery was open for 120 minutes (reperfusion), all animals were submitted to muscular relaxation for mechanical ventilation. In the end of experiment the animals were euthanized and the hearts tissue were morphology analyzed by histology and malondialdehyde by ELISA, and the plasma were analyzed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha by ELISA. Results: The group SS+IR demonstrated the higher malondialdehyde levels when compared with the atenolol treated-groups (p=0.001) in the heart tissue. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha level in plasma decrease in the treated groups when compared with SS+IR group (p=0.001). Histology analyses demonstrate pyknosis, edema, cellular vacuolization, presence of inflammatory infiltrate and band contraction in the heart tissue of the rats. Conclusion: Atenolol significantly reduce the degree of cardiac damage after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Atenolol/farmacologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Intestinos/irrigação sanguínea , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Atenolol/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Ratos Wistar , Artéria Mesentérica Superior , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
Purpose: To investigate the effects of atenolol in inflammatory mediator and oxidative stress in a myocardial injury by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rat model. Methods: Adult Wistar male rats were randomly (n=8), anesthetized and divided in: Sham: submitted to operation only; group SS+IR: intravenous saline infusion following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and open for 120 minutes (reperfusion); group AT+IR: intravenous atenolol infusion (2 mg/kg) following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and open for 120 minutes (reperfusion); and group AT+I+AT+R: intravenous atenolol infusion following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and in the time 45 minutes other atenolol doses were administrated and the artery was open for 120 minutes (reperfusion), all animals were submitted to muscular relaxation for mechanical ventilation. In the end of experiment the animals were euthanized and the hearts tissue were morphology analyzed by histology and malondialdehyde by ELISA, and the plasma were analyzed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha by ELISA. Results: The group SS+IR demonstrated the higher malondialdehyde levels when compared with the atenolol treated-groups (p=0.001) in the heart tissue. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha level in plasma decrease in the treated groups when compared with SS+IR group (p=0.001). Histology analyses demonstrate pyknosis, edema, cellular vacuolization, presence of inflammatory infiltrate and band contraction in the heart tissue of the rats. Conclusion: Atenolol significantly reduce the degree of cardiac damage after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion.(AU)