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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of sharps accidents among dental students in southwest Goiás state, Brazil, and further survey their knowledge of biosafety and post-injury management. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical observational study was carried out in 2018 following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. The study population included dental students in the 4th and 10th course semester. A pre-formulated self-administered questionnaire containing 14 objective questions was used for data collection. Mean and standard deviation values were calculated. Results: A total of 308 responses were obtained. Overall, 15.9% of the respondents reported having previously experienced accidents with sharps. Most dental students who claimed to know the biological risks to which they are exposed were in the 5th and 8th course semesters, and 67.2% of them reported knowing how to proceed in the event of a sharp accident. Conclusion: A low prevalence of sharps accidents has been reported, and dental students are considered to have a good knowledge of biosafety.

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BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is still the most prevalent type of osteonecrosis with clinical relevance. In Brazil, bisphosphonate use is high but there is a lack of epidemiological studies on BRONJ. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical profile of BRONJ in a Brazilian population through an integrative review. DESIGN AND SETTING: Integrative review of BRONJ in a Brazilian population. METHODS: Cases and clinical research on Brazilians with BRONJ between 2010 and 2019, indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and LILACS were reviewed. Age, sex, type and time of bisphosphonate intake, administration route, related diseases, region of the BRONJ, diagnostic criteria, staging, triggering factor and type of treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: Fifteen articles on 128 subjects were included. Most patients were women (82.03%); the mean age was 63 years. Intravenous zoledronic acid was mostly used (62.50%), for breast cancer treatment (46.87%). The main localization of BRONJ was the mandible (54.68%), associated mainly with tooth extractions (45.98%). The diagnostic criteria were clinical (100%) and radiographic (89.06%), mostly in stage II (68.08%). The surgical treatments were sequestrectomy (37.50%) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) (36.71%). Microbial control was done using chlorhexidine (93.75%) and infection control using clindamycin (53.90%). CONCLUSIONS: BRONJ had higher prevalence in Brazilian women receiving treatment for breast cancer and osteoporosis. The mandible was the region most affected with a moderate stage of BRONJ, particularly when there were histories of tooth extraction and peri-implant surgery. Sequestrectomy with additional drugs and surgical therapy was the treatment most accomplished.

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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Dental avulsion is defined as the complete displacement of a tooth from its socket owing to trauma. The treatment outcome depends on storage of the avulsed teeth in media capable of maintaining the viability of periodontal ligament cells, when immediate replantation is not possible. To maintain the viability of periodontal ligament cells, plants can be used as a storage medium because of their pharmacological and phytotherapic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of plants on the tissue repair following tooth replantation. METHODS: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and included articles collected in the Cochrane, LILACS, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science databases, plus articles found in the grey literature. The articles were screened for partial reading using the Endnote and Rayyan platform. The methodology of studies was evaluated by using the OHAT and GRADE. RESULTS: In the initial search, 2361 articles were obtained, only 51 articles were submitted to complete reading, and 35 articles were selected for the qualitative analysis. The evaluated plants had a potential effect on cell viability and proliferation. The articles evaluated mainly the action of plants on cells of the periodontal ligament. Propolis, coconut water and Aloe vera were the most common storage medium. CONCLUSION: The methodological limitations persist, and the evaluation of the pharmacological potential of plants on dental tissues still requires more research.

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Estima-se que no Brasil para os anos de 2016 e 2017, o diagnóstico de câncer em região de boca e laringe atingirá mais de 22 mil pessoas. Os principais tratamentos para esta doença são quimioterapia, cirurgia e radioterapia realizados de forma associada ou não. O tratamento antineoplásico gera diversos efeitos colaterais que prejudicam muito a qualidade de vida do paciente. Avaliando a radioterapia, os principais efeitos colaterais são: a mucosite oral, disgeusia e trismo, além do desenvolvimento de hipossalivação, cáries de radiação e osteorradionecrose. A Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada de Feixe (IMRT) possibilita o tratamento oncológico com diferentes isodoses de radiação conforme a necessidade da região, possibilitando emitir menor quantidade de radiação em tecido livre do tumor próximo ao foco principal de tratamento, diferente dos tratamentos radioterápicos convencionais mais antigos. Nosso objetivo foi desenvolver um dispositivo intraoral confeccionado com resina acrílica para afastar tecido sadio do foco principal de radioterapia por IMRT, separando mecanicamente o palato, língua e assoalho bucal em pacientes com câncer em região de boca e orofaringe. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: controle (GC) sem uso do dispositivo intraoral e análise (GA) com uso do dispositivo intraoral. Os pacientes do GC foram avaliados através da retrospectiva de seus prontuários, o GA foi acompanhado durante planejamento e todo o tratamento radioterápico por IMRT. Foram avaliados grau de mucosite oral seguindo critérios da OMS (GC e GA) e OMAS (GA), questionário sobre impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida antes e depois (GA) das sessões de radioterapia, sexo, idade, tratamentos antineoplásicos concomitantes, doses de radiação (GC e GA), desenvolvimento de disgeusia (GA) e trismo (GA). Ocorreu maior tendência na gravidade de mucosite oral para pacientes do GC. Os testes estatísticos foram significantes com p < 0,05 para menor grau de desenvolvimento de eritema e úlceras em mucosa bucal em GA. Todos os pacientes do GA desenvolveram disgeusia no período entre 7 e 14 dias após a última sessão de radioterapia. A capacidade de abertura bucal pós tratamento radioterápico no GA foi diminuída em média 8,35%. A avaliação do impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida antes e após tratamento foi significativo em três dimensões e na avaliação geral do questionário. O planejamento de distribuição das isodoses em região de tumor e áreas adjacentes através de tomografia computadorizada foi facilitado pelo uso de dispositivo intraoral devido afastamento mecânico de estruturas bucais não comprometidas pelo câncer. A diminuição dos efeitos colaterais causados pela radioterapia melhoram a qualidade de vida durante e após o tratamento. A estabilização da posição de boca e língua durante a radioterapia deixou o tratamento mais confortável para os pacientes, além de beneficiar o trabalho do médico radioterapeuta e físico médico. (AU)

In Brazil, between 2016 and 2017, the cancer diagnosis in the mouth and larynx region is estimated to reach more than 22,000 people. The main treatment for this disease are chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy done in a conjunct way or not. The antineoplastic treatment generates several side effects that do much harm to the patient welfare. In radiotherapy, the main side effects are oral mucositis, dysgeusia and trismus, besides the salivation development, radiation cavities and osteoradionecrosis. The radiotherapy by IMRT allows the cancer treatment with different radiation isodoses according to the region allowing a reduced amount of free tumor region emission close to the main focus treatment, different from the older conventional radiotherapeutic treatment. Our goal was to develop an intraoral device using acrylic resin to put away healthy tissue from the IMRT treatment main focus, separating mechanically palate, tongue and mouth floor in mouth and oropharynx neoplasm region patients. The patients compused two groups: control (CG) without intraoral stent and analysis (AG) with intraoral stent usage. The CG patients were evaluated throughout their medical records historic; the AG was accompanied during planning and all the IMRT radiotherapeutic treatment. The oral mucositis degrees were evaluated according WHO (CG and AG) and OMAS (AG) criteria, survey about mouth health impact on welfare before and after (AG) the radiotherapy sessions, gender, age, concomitant antineoplastic treatment, radiation doses (CG and AG), dysgeusia treatment (AG) and trismus (AG). Higher incidence of oral mucositis severity to CG patients occurred; the statistic tests were significant with p < 0.05 to minor erythema and ulcer development degree in mouth mucosa in AG. In all AG patients developed dysgeusia in the period between 7 and 14 days after the last radiotherapy session. The mouth opening after radiotherapeutic treatment diminished a mean of 8.35%. The impact of mouth health on welfare before and after treatment was not significant. The isodoses distribution planning in tumor and nearby areas regions throughout computed tomography was eased by the intraoral stent usage due to mechanically spacing from the mouth structures not harmed by cancer. The side effects diminishing caused by radiotherapy improve welfare during and after the treatment and the mouth and tongue position stabilization during the radiotherapy left the treatment more comfortable for the patients, besides benefitting the medical radiotherapist and the medical physicist work. (AU)

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